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Military Route

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New York, Chemung County, Millford
Military route
of the Sullivan-Clinton
Army on its campaign
against the British
and Indians of Western
New York in 1779.

(Native Americans • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

In Honor of Major General John Sullivan

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New York, Chemung County, Millford
On the pinnacle near this site, the Movable Lodge of Free Masons, connected with the army of
Major General John Sullivan
of New Hampshire
held a command under a large oak tree, while on a military expedition against the Six Nations of Indians, in the year 1779 after which event this lodge derived its name.

This memorial erected by Old Oak Lodge No. 253 F.& A.M. of Millport and dedicated with masonic ceremonies
September 9, 1922.

(Native Americans • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dr. Aaron Henry

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Mississippi, Coahoma County, Clarksdale

Born near Clarksdale, Aaron Henry was an
American civil rights leader, politician, and
head of the Mississippi branch of the NAACP.
He was one of the founders of the Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party, which tried to
seat their delegation at the 1964 Democratic
National Convention. As a leader of the NAACP,
Henry participated in virtually every aspect
of the struggle for equality in Mississippi.
While serving as a voice of moderation and an
advocate of racial conciliation, in 1961, he
joined the Freedom Rides to protest
segregation in interstate bus facilities.
During the Freedom Summer of 1964, Henry
served as Chairperson of the Council of
Federated Organizations. Henry was elected
to the National Board of Directors of the
NAACP in 1965 and the Mississippi House of
Representatives in 1982, where he served
until 1966. Henry's former drug store in
downtown Clarksdale became the site of his
campaign headquarters and NAACP office.

(Civil Rights • Politics • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

National Soaring Museum

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New York, Chemung County, Elmira
The Chemung Valley's pioneering soaring sites (*) of the early 1930's faced most of the area's prevailing winds. Take-off locations were selected daily to face the predicted winds. Gliders were launched by bungee cord into the wind so pilots could soar in the upward deflected air along the ridges or glide over the valley to seek thermal updrafts.

These take-off sites and Caton Avenue Airport were the center of activities until Harris Hill became the "Soaring Capital" in 1934.

This landmark honors the Chemung County community and the pioneering soaring pilots who flew here.
  • Caton Avenue Airport
  • South Mountain
  • East Ridge
  • Rhodes Farm (by Harris Hill)
  • Close Farm

    (Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
  • “Love is Immortal”

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    Mississippi, Hinds County, Clinton

    This boulder is erected by the Mississippi
    College Rifles Chapter U. D. C.
    in grateful memory of the 104 men who went
    out from this college as Company E; 18th
    Mississippi Regiment, April 23, 1861.
    J. W. Welborn, Capt., Cuddie Thomas, 1st Lieut.,
    Joseph Buckles, 2nd Lieut., J. H. York, 3rd Lieut.,
    Mike Carney, 1st Sergeant, W. H. Lewis, 2nd Sergeant.
    Company E. went into action at the 1st Battle
    of Manassas. On many a hard fought battle
    field their blood was shed. Manassas, Leesburg,
    Richmond, Malvern Hill, Seven Pines, Chickamauga
    Sharpsburg, The Wilderness, Fredericksburg,
    Chancellorsville, terrible Gettysburg and others.
    In 1862 W. H. Lewis of Clinton was elected Capt.
    of the Mississippi College Rifles.
    On the 9th of April 1865, with the Army of Northern Va.
    which surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse
    was the remnant of the Mississippi College Rifles.
    Of the 104 men who enlisted only 8 returned.
    Valiant men whom the world speaks of as
    soldiers of a lost cause yet whose names have
    gone down in history wearing a deathless fame
    1926

    (Education • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    Lighthouses

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    New York, Monroe County, Rochester
    Immediately after the War of 1812, there was a brisk and increased trade with Canada. In 1822, a lighthouse and two-room keeper's house were built on the bluff. In 1829, two piers were built to channel the river. A new wooden lighthouse was built at the end of the west pier in 1838, replaced by a new structure in 1854 and again by a cast iron beacon in 1880.
    The lantern from the stone tower was moved to the west pier in 1881 and the lighthouse on the hill was decommissioned.
    In 1902, work commenced to replace the wooden pier and catwalk with concrete. Dredging of the mouth of the Genesee River started in 1908 and continues to this day.
    The original stone tower stood abandoned for the next hundred years. The original keeper's house had been replaced with a brick one in 1863. The government deemed the lighthouse as "excess property" and the structures were slated for demolition. Students from Charlotte High School saved the property with their 1965 letter-writing campaign. In 1982, the Coast Guard offered to lease the tower and keeper's house to the Charlotte community to operate as a museum.
    Ownership of the property was laer transferred to the County of Monroe. Volunteers restored the property and students from Edison Tech built a replica lantern for the tower.
    Rochester's 1984 Sesquicentential celebration included tours of the lighthouse grounds and Tall Ships at the port. The lighthouse museum opened on May 16, 1987. the restoration merited national reconition for the historical society. Not only was the second oldest tower on te Great Lakes saved, but it was also placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
    At the end of the east pier, a lighthouse in Summerville was erected in 1902 with a fixed red lantern.
    In 1931, the west pier light was automated and mounted on a red metal tower. Thos tower remained until 1995. It was replaced by a red and white cyndrical tower.

    (Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    A Thoroughly Modern House

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    New York, Nassau County, Oyster Bay

    The windmill to your left is a re-creation of two previous windmills Theodore Roosevelt had built. The first was constructed when the house was built. A second windmill, and a supplemental gas-powered pump, replaced that one in 1905. The mills pumped fresh water from a well, and sent the water to storage tanks and a hot water heater in the house.

    Despite its rural location, Sagamore Hill had the same amenities as most city houses. In addition to fresh water, gas lights and kerosene lamps illuminated the rooms. When the Roosevelts had the North Room added in 1905, they made sure the workers installed electrical wiring. However, it was 13 years before they could switch on a lightbulb, since electrical service didn’t reach their neighborhood until 1918. The well was in use for a very long time, as municipal water wasn’t available to Saramore Hill until the 1990s.

    The other day . . . the windmill . . . was squeaking. I got an oil can and climbed up to oil it, neglecting to shut off the mill. Just as I got to the top, the wind veered. The paddle swung around and took off a slice of my scalp. I started to climb down, but I’m big and clumsy and it took quite a little while. By the time I got to the house my face and shoulders were drenched with blood. Inside the door I met Mrs. Roosevelt. ‘Theodore,’ she said, ‘I wish you’d do your bleeding in the bathroom. You’re spoiling every rug in the house.’”- Theodore Roosevelt, 1913

    (Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    W.P. [William Patterson] Allred

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    Iowa, Wayne County, Corydon

    [Title is text]

    (War, US Civil • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


    A Respite for Mrs. Roosevelt

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    New York, Nassau County, Oyster Bay

    Six Roosevelt children and nearly a dozen neighboring cousins could be a rambunctious group. Sometimes Edith Roosevelt needed a place for solitude. The Arbor was not too far from the house. She could enjoy the sun and scented roses, yet still be close by if needed.

    The Nest, a small wooden gazebo, provided an even better escape. Located about 100 yards in front of you, in Smith’s Field, along the path to Aunt Elizabeth’s house, it was Edith’s special spot. Built for her, she had been very specific in how it should look, with upright cedar posts and a shingled roof. She could read a book or enjoy the sounds of nature. It had splendid views of Oyster Bay, Long Island Sound, and on clear days the distant shore of Connecticut. The Theodore Roosevelt Association sold the land in 1961 and the Nest no longer exists.

    (Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    David "Honey Boy" Edwards

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    Mississippi, Washington County, Greenville

    "Who May Your Regulars Be"
    "Drop Down Mama"
    "Old Friends"
    "The World Don't Owe Me Nothing"
    "Mississippi Delta Bluesman"

    Played with
    Robert Johnson
    Tommy Johnson
    Little Walter Jacobs
    Big Joe Williams
    Kansas City Red
    Sunnyland Slim

    (Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    George "All Nite" Allen

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    Mississippi, Washington County, Greenville

    Born into a musical family. Played with B.J. Thomas in "Electric Cyrkus", then Sassy Jones. Worked with producer and musician Jim Dickinson. Worked with many great musicians in all types of genres. A true renaissance man.

    I'm a black man trapped in a white man's body.

    (Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    James Michael Dill

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    Mississippi, Washington County, Greenville
    Began playing at 14. Played with Billy Marquis, Eden Brent, Willie Foster, Lil Dave Thompson, Mississippi Slim, John Horton, Lil Bill Wallace, The Xracker-Jacks and everyone else.

    (Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    Charles K. Rickard

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    Mississippi, Washington County, Greenville

    I got the blues from my head, down to my shoes

    Toured with Little Milton. Warmed up for B.B. King. Played with Booba Barnes, Willie Foster, John Horton, Little Dave Thompson, Lee "Shot" Williams, Booga-Loo and many others around the Delta.

    Born and raised in the Mississippi Delta

    (Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    Charlotte-Genesee Lighthouse

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    New York, Monroe County, Rochester

    A Strategic Location
    Charlotte was once a bustling commercial shipping port, the destination of sidewheelers and sailing vessels unloading supplies for a growing city and loading products from the region.
    Today the harbor is still an important hub, but now it is used primarily by recreational boaters.

    A Heritage Harbor
    The outlet of the Genesee River has always been an important location for commerce. Native Americans camped here, the first white settlers chose this site to build a cabin, and the bluff was also recognized as the best location for the beacon that marked the entrance to a growing lakeport.

    Lighthouse Timeline
    1984 Initial Restoration Begun.
    1965 Lighthoouse Saved from Demolition Primarily by Efforts of Charlotte High School Students.
    1881 Light Removed from Service. Lantern Moved to Pier.
    1863 Present Keeper's House Built.
    1856 New Lantern and Fresnel Lens Aded.
    1838 Pier Light Built.
    1829 First Piers Built.
    1822 Lighthouse and Original Keeper's Dweling Built.
    1792 Hincher Cabin Built.
    1789 Lighthouses become Federal Responsibility.
    1781 First Light on the Great Lakes at Mouth of the Niagara River.
    Seaway Trail Lighthouses [list]

    (Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    Valued Family Friends

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    New York, Nassau County, Oyster Bay

    While most families have a pet or two, the Roosevelt family nearly had a zoo. At various times they had dogs, cats, horses, guinea pigs, snakes, flying squirrels, kangaroo rats, birds, a bear cub, and a badger.

    The death of a pet meant a funeral that included a procession, flowers, and even eulogies. Jack, a Manchester terrier and the family’s favorite dog, was buried twice; first under a rose bush at the White House and, after Theodore Roosevelt was no longer president, at Sagamore Hill. Edith couldn’t stand the idea of her dog interred “beneath the eyes of Presidents who might care nothing for little black dogs.”

    As for the dogs, of course there were many, and during their lives they were intimate and valued family members, and their deaths were household tragedies.”- Theodore Roosevelt, An Autobiography

    (Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    The Mormon Pioneer Trail / The Trail's Better Half

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    Iowa, Wayne County, Corydon

    Beginning in February of 1846, the vanguard of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the Mormons) struggled across southern Iowa on the way to their "New Zion" in the Rocky Mountains.

    The trek from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Kanesville (Council Bluffs), Iowa, tested the endurance of humans, animals, and equipment. The frozen landscape of an Iowa February soon turned into a thawing mixture of nearly impassable mud and muck. Their unshakable faith and determination sustained them, however, and thousands of men, women, and children arrived at the Missouri River, having completed this first portion of the journey west under extremely difficult conditions.

    After wintering in the present-day Omaha/Council Bluffs district, the Saints continued across Nebraska and Wyoming to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake. Today, a marked 1,624 mile long auto tour route closely parallels this historic route.

    The Mormon Pioneers struggled across the Iowa prairies, traversed the Great Plains of Nebraska, climbed the backbone of the continent at South Pass, Wyoming, and descended the Pacific slope of the Rocky Mountains to the Great Salt Lake Valley of Utah.
    ————————————
    The Mormon migration was the movement of an entire people to establish new homes in the West. Therefore, women played a more important role in everyday life along the Mormon Pioneer Trail than in later emigrant companies of young men, heading west to seek their fortunes in the California gold fields.

    Women's responsibilities included most of the care of infants and children, as well as fuel gathering, cooking, churning, sewing, laundering, and nursing. Childbirth was a common occurrence on the trail. Many women were pregnant when they left, and others became pregnant en route.

    Pioneer women did everything they could to preserve a semblance of home and civilization, even in the middle of the wilderness. Sometimes at night, their scanty belongings were arranged around campfires to approximate their parlors back home. The interiors of their wagons were often decorated with mirrors, carpets, and lamps to appear as homelike as possible.

    Eliza Maria Partridge Lyman, March 6, 1846
    "Arose in the morning and made a small fire of bark, and made some coffee to drink with our bread.... Rollins killed 8 prairie hens, and D. P. Clark a bird, which will make us a very comfortable meal."

    Helen Mar Kimball Whitney, Recollections
    "The youthful portion... could form a cotillion of French four by the big log fire, and often we did so at evening and danced to amuse ourselves as well as to keep our blood in proper circulation."

    Eliza R. Snow, May 17, 1846
    "Yesterday I enjoy'd the novel scenery of a quilting out-of-doors, after which with much conviviality & agreeable sociability the party took tea.... Our treat was serv'd in the tent, around a table of bark, spread on bars, supported by four crotches drove into the ground; and consisted of light biscuits & butter, dutch cheese, peach sauce, custard pie & tea."

    Louisa Barnes Pratt, May 31, 1846
    "I found great pleasure in riding horseback. By that means I could render some assistance in driving the stock.

    These excerpts, selected from thousands of faded Pioneer journals, tell us how it was on the trail for the Mormon Pioneers, who in spite of daily toil, hardships, and death, left us a thousand windows into the past.

    (Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    A Gentleman’s Farm, 1918

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    New York, Nassau County, Oyster Bay

    This land around you had always been a working farm. When Theodore Roosevelt bought the property in 1880 it already included an orchard, fields of corn, asparagus, and buckwheat as well as an old barn. After the purchase, Roosevelt had his own ideas of what the farm should look like and cleared about 47 acres, including pastures. With a garden, fields, orchard, pigs, cows, horses, and chickens the farm required a full-time farm manager and several full and part-time farm hands. Even the Roosevelt family had chores to do. Edith kept the farm books; the children tended their sections of the gardens, pulled weeds, and brought in the milk; while Roosevelt loved to roll up his sleeves at haying time.

    (Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    Battle for the Mississippi: The Vicksburg Campaign

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    Louisiana, East Carroll Parish, Lake Providence

    Left side
    The fall of New Orleans in April 1862, capped the beginning of an 18-month drive to control Vicksburg and the Mississippi River. The fight for this strategic location was arduous. Vicksburg, sitting high atop bluffs, was protected by artillery and a maze of bayous. Confederate river fortifications interrupted the flow of Northern troops, supplies and commerce.

    Driving southward from Tennessee and northward from the Gulf, Federal troops forced the surrender of Vicksburg. With this victory, the North opened the Mississippi and dealt a psychological blow to the Confederacy. The South was split in two and unable to move men and munitions across the river. While war's end was still 20 months away, control of the great Mississippi led ultimately to Union victory.

    Right side
    An 18-Month Campaign
    The battle for Vicksburg hit a fevered pitch when Ulysses S. Grant was appointed commander of the Department of the Tennessee and Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton, a West Point graduate and native of Pennsylvania, was given charge of 50,000 Confederate troops defending the Mississippi. Grant was ordered to clear the river of Confederate resistance and Pemberton to defend it.

    Grant planned to draw Confederate troops defending Vicksburg north and pin them down while another column, led by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, moved moved south from Memphis. Grant led 40,000 troops from La Grange, Tennessee, toward Grenada, Mississippi, but met fierce resistance from Confederate forces dug into the Yalobusha riverbank to defend the crossing and the railroad. Grant's plan was thwarted.

    Confederate cavalry, led by Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn, headed northward from Grenada, captured the Federal supply base at Holly Springs, Mississippi,and stopped the Union advance. The Mobile & Ohio Railroad carrying Northern supplies fell to Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's raiders. These events caused Grant to retreat to Memphis. Confederate troops heading south toward Vicksburg engaged and decisively beat, Sherman's forces at Chickasaw Bayou.

    Grant launched yet another drive to disrupt Southern communications and transportation, confuse the Confederates, and divert Pemberton's troops. He led his troops 50 miles down the west side of the river from Milliken's Bend, Louisiana to Hard Times. At the same time, Union Col. Benjamin H. Grierson led a brigade of 1,700 cavalry from La Grange through Mississippi to Baton Rouge destroying rolling stock, bridges, trestles, track and telegraph lines during this 16-day, 475-mile ride. He also succeeded in luring Pemberton's cavalry and one infantry division in pursuit.

    With Grant in southern Louisiana, Adm. David D. Porter maneuvered his gunboats into place to secure the river at Grand Gulf, forcing Grant farther down river to cross at Bruinsburg. Grant fought his way towards Vicksburg on the eastern side of the river, overwhelming and scattering Confederate troops. With these victories to buoy his resolve, Grant began the final siege of Vicksburg with Confederate surrender coming on July 4, 1863. Five days later Port Hudson fell and the domination of the Mississippi River was complete.

    (Marker includes a map and 1862-1863 timeline)

    (War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    Grant's March Through Louisiana

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    Louisiana, East Carroll Parish, Lake Providence

    Marker middle
    Winter Quarters
    Winter Quarters, the country home of Haller and Julia Nutt, is the only plantation home along Lake Saint Joseph that survived the Vicksburg campaign. The Nutts were Union sympathizers who offered hospitality to Union soldiers at Winter Quarters. In return they received "letters of protection" from Ulysses S. Grant, which spared their home from the devastation levied by advancing Union troops under the orders of General William T. Sherman. Union army stragglers later destroyed many of the out-buildings, leaving only the main structure standing.

    Milliken's Bend
    Following the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation in January 1863, the United States Colored Troops were formed and hundreds of thousands of blacks served. Poorly trained and poorly armed, the African Brigade was guarding the Union supply depot at Milliken's Bend when it came under Confederate attack. Reports of this skirmish indicate that the black soldiers engaged the Confederates in hand-to-hand combat with bayonet and clubbed muskets, successfully defending the outpost. Their service to the Union in guarding supply bases allowed many white troops to carry on with the siege of Vicksburg.

    Vicksburg National Military Park
    The Louisiana Monument stands on Confederate Avenue in Vicksburg National Military Park. The monument consists of an 81-foot high Doric column topped by a brazier of granite with an eternal flame, and stands on the highest point in the park. A list of organizations involved in the Campaign and Siege of Vicksburg appears on its base with "Louisiana" displayed on the front. Construction begun on July 10, 1919, and the memorial was dedicated on October 18, 1920. Louisiana Governor John M. Parker later transferred ownership of the memorial to the Federal government.

    Grant's Canal
    In June 1862, Union troops under Brigadier General Thomas Williams began to dig a canal across the base of De Soto Point, opposite Vicksburg, in hopes of bypassing the city's Confederate batteries. Sickness and disease, unrelenting heat, and an uncooperative river that seemed to drop more rapidly than the soldiers could dig continually plagued the efforts. In just a few short weeks, the weary soldiers withdrew. However, in January 1863, work on the canal was resumed by troops under the command of Major General Ulysses S. Grant whose troops were ultimately foiled by heavy rains and flood waters that broke through the levee and inundated the area. With the death toll rising daily, Grant eventually abandoned the canal and embarked on new strategies to capture Vicksburg and gain control of the Mississippi River.



    Marker right
    Life Under Occupation
    "Making Do"
    In an excerpt from Brokenburn, Kate Stone wrote, "We have been on a strict war footing for some time — cornbread, and home-raised meal, milk and butter, tea once a day, and coffee never. A year ago we would have considered it impossible to get on for a day without the things that we have been doing without for months...Clothes have become a secondary consideration...just to be decently clad is all we expect. In proportion that we have been waited-on people, we are ready to do away with all the forms and work and wait on ourselves."

    Crop Destruction
    Governor Thomas Overton Moore called upon the citizens of Louisiana to destroy cotton crops, also known as "white gold," where Union occupation was a danger. In order to keep this valuable commodity out of the hands of the Union army the crops were set ablaze in sacrificial bonfires. Burning cotton crops was considered an act of loyalty to the Confederacy and since plantation management during the war was often left to the women, it was their opportunity to actively participate in the Confederate cause.

    (War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

    El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro

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    Mexico, Querétaro, Querétaro

    El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro ha sido inscrito en la Lista del Patrimonio Mundial en virtud de la Convención para la Protección del Patrimonio Mundial Cultural y Natural.
    La inscripción en esta Lista consagra el Valor Universal Excepcional del bien que representa el primer itinerario Cultural terrestre trazado por los españoles en América, siendo el Centro Histórico de Santiago de Querétaro, Qro., uno de los 60 sitios que lo conforman.

    The Camino Real de Tierra Adentro has been inscribed upon the World Heritage List of the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
    Inscription on the List confirms the Outstanding Universal Value of the property that represents the first terrestrial Cultural Route traced by the Spaniards in America, being the Historic Centre of Santiago Querétaro, Qro., one of the 60 sites that compose it.

    Trigésima Cuarta Reunión del Comité de Patrimonio Mundial
    Estados Parte que aprobaron por unanimidad la inscripción: Australia, Baréin, Barbados, Brasil, Camboya, China, Egipto, Emiratos Árabes Unidos, Estonia, Etiopia, Francia, Irak, Jordania, Malí, México, Nigeria, Rusia, Sudáfrica, Suecia, Suiza y Tailandia.
    Brasilia, Brasil, 1º de agosto de 2010.

    English translation:
    The thirty-fourth meeting of the Comittee on Worldwide Patrimony
    State members approved by unanimity the inscription: Australia, Bahrein, Barbados, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Estonia, Ethiopia, France, Iraq, Jordan, Mali, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and Thailand.
    Brasilia, Brazil, August 1, 2010.

    Nota HistóricaEl Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, también llamado Camino de la Plata, iniciaba su recorrido en la capital novohispano y llegaba hasta Texas y Nuevo Mexico en los Estados Unidos. Utilizado entre los siglos XVI y XIX, servía para transportar la plata extraída de las minas de Zacatecas, Guanajuato y San Luis Potosí, así como el mercurio importado de Europa.
    A su paso por la ciudad de Santiago de Querétaro, pasaba frente al convento grande de San Francisco, lugar en que se bifurcaba, siguiendo hacia el norte a la ciudad de Zacatecas y, hacia el poniente, a la ciudad de Celaya.

    English translation:Historical NoteThe Royal Inland Road, also known as the Silver Road, began its journey in the capital of new Spain in Mexico City and ended in Texas and New Mexico in what is now the United States. Used between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries, it served for transporting silver extracted from the mines of Zacatecas, Guanajuato and San Luis Potosi south to Mexico City, and for taking mercury imported from Europe north to the mines.
    As the road passed through the city of Santiago de Querétaro, it made its way in front of the largest convent, San Francisco, where it forked, one part continuing north to the city of Zacatecas and the other to the west, to the city of Celaya.

    (Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Exploration) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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