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EP Brigham

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Kansas, Allen County, Iola

EP Brigham was an entrepreneur in Iola in the late 1800s. He owned various businesses throughout Iola that sold anything from hay, to hardware, to groceries, to china. Brigham started his first business as a fresh butcher where he sold quail that he hunted on a daily basis.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Strategic Importance / Importance Stratégique

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Ontario, Frontenac County, Kingston
English:
During the entire War of 1812, Canadian, British, and American land and naval forces campaigned across a vast territory from the Mississippi Valley, through the region south of Montreal, and well into the territories of the Atlantic coast. But the conflict’s outcome would be determined, in particular, by events on and around the Great Lakes. For the Anglo-Canadian forces, the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario was the strategic linkage for manpower and vital supplies for all inland points including the provincial capital, York, the Niagara Peninsula, and further garrisons west. Control of Lake Ontario would give crucial advantages in initiative, surprise, movement, and re-supply. During the war, British naval operations on the Lake Ontario were centered here at Point Frederick, at the confluence of the St. Lawrence and Catariqui Rivers at Lake Ontario. In 1812, the Provincial Marine operated only four vessels armed with 20 short-barreled guns. After May 1813, when the Royal Navy units under Commodore Sir James Yeo took command of the facility, it grew rapidly. At the end 1814, the Kingston Dockyard produced the largest naval Squadron on the Great Lakes, with 1,600 personnel serving on the massive flagship St. Lawrence, on four other ships, and four smaller vessels totaling 518 guns.

French:
Durant la guerre de 1812, des forces terrestres et navales américaines, britanniques, et canadiennes ont fait campagne sur un vaste territoire à partir de la vallée du Mississippi, en passant par la région au sud de Montréal, et jusqu’aux territories de la côte de l’Atlantique. Toutefois, de dénouement de la guerre a été determine par les événements sur et autour des Grands Lacs. Pour les forces tango-canadiennes, le fleuve St-Laurent et le lac Ontario constituaient le lien stratégique pour toute la main-d’oeuvre et l’approvisionnement indispensable destinés à tous les points à l’intérieur incluant la capitale provinciale de York, la péninsule du Niagara, et les garnisons plus à l’ouest. Le contrôle de lac Ontario apportait des advantages stratégiques quant à l’initiative, la surprise, le mouvement, et la ravitaillement. Pendant la guerre, les opérations navales britanniques sur le lac Ontario étaient basées ici, sur la pointe Frederick, à la confluence de la rivière Cataraqui, du fleuve St.-Laurent et du lac Ontario. En 1812, la Marine provinciale opérait seulement quatre navires armés de 20 canons à tube court. À partir de mai 1813, lorsque les unités de la Marine royale sous le Commodore Sir James Yeo prennent le commandement des installations, ces dernières connaissent une expansion rapide. À la fin de 1814, le chantier naval de Kingston avait le plus grand escadron naval de Grand Lacs, avec 1600 personnes oeuvrant sur l’imposant navire-amiral St. Lawrence, quatre autres navires, et quatre plus petits vaisseaux ayant à bord un total de 518 canons.

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

South Jefferson Avenue Businesses

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Kansas, Allen County, Iola

[Top photo caption reads]
East Side Cafe became Harts Lunch by the 1940s and was a local teenage hangout. Both restaurants were a favorite for homemade hamburgers and pies.

[Bottom photo caption reads]
Originally, this building had a carriage shop in the back and a hardware store in the front. In the early 1900s, it became the Elite Theater and lasted until the middle of the [D]epression. After the [D]epression, Fairmont Ice Cream opened and became the place to stop for a sweet treat.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Cemetery

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New York, Cayuga County, Montezuma

Early Cemetery
Old Montezuma Cemetery
Revolutionary War veteran
Richard Damewood buried
here 1850. Served at seige
of British at Yorktown.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

North Jefferson Avenue Businesses

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Kansas, Allen County, Iola

[Top photo caption reads]
This building was owned by Dr. O.L. Garlinghouse who had a medical practice on the second floor. Notice the awnings are on the side of the building facing the afternoon sun. Air conditioning was non-existent at this time. Therefore, there was [sic - were] many windows in the buildings for light and air movement.

[Bottom photo caption reads]
Note the huge crowds and the beautiful floats that were in this 1950s parade. The buildings pictured have not changed much from the early 1920s to today.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Opened in 1828

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New York, Cayuga County, Montezuma

Opened in 1828
Cayuga Seneca Canal
Extended navigation of the
Erie Canal to Finger Lakes
Site of crossover bridge
and Exchange Hotel

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Doctor O.L. Garlinghouse

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Kansas, Allen County, Iola

Dr. O.L. Garlinghouse was believed to be ahead of his time in his medical practice. His office was equipped with x-ray and electrotherapy and was located in the building in the photo on the other side of this sign.

(Man-Made Features • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

North Jefferson Avenue Businesses

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Kansas, Allen County, Iola

[Top photo caption reads]
These buildings were developed after 1910. During this period, there were a number of meat markets throughout Iola. With the lack of refrigeration, people had to buy fresh meat daily.

[Bottom photo caption reads]
Forestine's was a favorite place to get hamburgers 6 for $1. Many locals talk about how great the "greasy" burgers and fries were.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Charles Young Birthplace

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Kentucky, Mason County, near Mayslick
Third Negro to graduate from West Point Military Academy. Colonel, United States Army. Distinguished for his service in Haiti and Liberia as a military organizer, map maker and road builder.

(African Americans • Education • Military) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

John Walter Scott

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Kansas, Allen County, Iola

1859 was a monumental year for John Walter Scott. He was elected president of the 1st Iola Town Company, was a county commissioner, and was a member of the legislature. Each of the 60 plus town company members had to make a substantial contribution to building the town.

(Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Morgan's Last Raid

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Kentucky, Mason County, Mayslick
On tragic last Kentucky raid, CSA Gen. John H. Morgan and Raiders entered state June 1, 1864, took Mt. Sterling June 8, lost it on 9th, took Lexington on 10th, and Cynthiana on 11th. USA under General S. G. Burbridge defeated CSA next day. Morgan retreated through here, reaching Virginia June 20. See map on other side. Raiders never recovered from this reverse.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Morgan's Last Raid

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Kentucky, Mason County, Mayslick
On tragic last Kentucky raid, CSA Gen. John H. Morgan and Raiders entered state June 1, 1864, took Mt. Sterling June 8, lost it on 9th, took Lexington on 10th, and Cynthiana on 11th. USA under General S. G. Burbridge defeated CSA next day. Morgan retreated through here, reaching Virginia June 20. See map on other side. Raiders never recovered from this reverse.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eudora Baptist Church

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Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis
Side 1:
Organized October 18, 1850 on two acres of land donated by Col. Eppy White, using the Greek word "Eudora" signifying "good gift" as its name, this church met in a log schoolhouse until the congregation's first structure was erected in 1851, its first pastor being J.B. Canada. Here, at what was then called White's Station, a larger building of wood-frame construction was completed in 1858. During the Civil War, the sanctuary was used as a Federal hospital.In 1866, the "Memphis Avalanche" newspaper held an ice cream supper to raise funds for the restoration of the church's interior. This wood-frame sanctuary remained in constant use until its demolition in 1964, with the present sanctuary being dedicated on July 21, 1968. (Continued on other side) Side 2: (Continued from other side) Of the congregation's many pastors, Dr. Fred M. Wood. Sr.'s service was significant for its length (1952-1983) and Eudora's unprecedented growth. Every church building except one was planned, built, dedicated and paid for during his tenure and church membership and Sunday and Sunday School enrollment grew to its greatest number recorded. In 1973, the church proudly hosted the 99th annual Tennessee Baptist Convention. In 1998, Eudora was able to temporarily accommodate the Memphis Symphony and a Mandarin Church. The city's development patterns brought younger families back into the community and Eudora Baptist experienced growth once more. The church continues on its stated mission of being "In The Heart Of Memphis For The Heart Of Memphis."

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tavernier

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Florida, Monroe County, Tavernier
(side 1)
What is today Tavenier was originally inhabited by the Calusa and Tequesta Native Americans. The Tequesta occupied the area around Biscayne Bay, while the Calusa inhabited Southwest Florida. In 1513, the Florida Keys were discovered and mapped by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon who named the islands Los Martires (The Martyrs"), as they looked like suffering men from a distance. During Florida's First Spanish Period, the Keys remained isolated from imperial administration, as Spain focused its colonial efforts in Central and South America. In 1774, British cartographer Bernard Romans created a detailed map of the Keys, including Tavernier, which he mapped as Key Tabona. The Tavernier vicinity offered a favorable anchorage for Bahamian fisherman and wreckers due to its location near the hazardous Carysfort Reef. All of Tavernier's earliest settlers originated in the Bahamas. No settlement occurred in Tavernier during Florida's Territorial Period, although Key West began to grow as sponging, turtling, and wrecking became prominent in the economy of the Lower Keys. (Continued on other side) (side 2) (Continued from other side) The Tavernier community began in the late 1800s on the oceanfront at Planter, located northeast of the present town center. This small settlement grew up around the Samuel Johnson farm, and a post office was established her in 1891. Surrounded by water, the community used both land and sea resources, and was served by sailing vessels such as the Island Home which was once captained by Samuel Williams. Products and passengers were carried from here to and from ports on the mainland to Key West. By 1895, the remainder of oceanfront Tavernier had been homesteaded by founders Robert Albury and Amos Lowe. Hurricanes, a pineapple blight, and new development around the F.E.C. Railroad contributed to the decline of Planter. Planter's post office closed in 1910, and a Tavernier post office opened near the railroad depot in 1911. In 1928, Hubert S. "Mac" McKenzie moved to Tavernier. He began a gradual development of commercial enterprises in the town providing services, supplies, and employment. Many of those businesses and descendants of Tavernier's founding families still remain in the town. Much of Tavernier's center has been designated a historic district by Monroe County to help preserve it.

(Exploration • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tea Table Key

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Florida, Monroe County, Islamorada
Indians lived on this island over 1000 years ago. In 1722, it was known as Boys Island. In Dec., 1838, Lt. Coste established a Naval base here and named it Ft. Paulding. This was the base for the West Indian Squadron used to blockade the coast to keep the Indians from receiving supplies from the Bahamas or Cuba.

The Navy's first steamship, "The Sea Gull" was based here.

While the Navy was looking for Indians in the Everglades, the Indians attacked nearby Indian Key on Aug. 7, 1840 destroying the village and county seat of Dade County.

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Spanish Treasure Fleet of 1733

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Florida, Monroe County, Islamorada
On Friday, July 13, 1733, the Spanish treasure fleet under the command of General Don Rodrigo de Torres Morales, sailed from Havana Harbor for Spain.

The fleet of 21 ships was loaded with gold and silver from the mine at Cartagena, Peruvian gold and artifacts from Porta Bello and those from the Pacific at Vera Cruz.

On the 14th, the armada found itself in a severe hurricane just off the Florida Keys. By the next morning the fleet was scattered from Duck Key to just above Key Largo. Only one ship was still afloat.

The remains of four of these galleons, the San Pedro, Lerrie, San Francisco, and the Almirante, can be seen today off Lower Matecumbe. This disaster killed hundreds of people and wrecked the Spanish Navy although most of the treasure was recovered.

(Disasters • Exploration • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rafters

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Florida, Monroe County, Islamorada
This plaque is in memory of the many Cubans who were desperate to leave Castros' communist Cuba. They left their homes and families trying to cross the 90 miles of sea in rafts, innertubes or anything that would float.

Not knowing what rough seas and storms would be encountered, hundreds or even thousands were lost and never heard from again.

This is in memory of those who lost their lives, and those who made it to this country. They are now free, contributing to their new homeland here as teachers, business people, political leaders and the economy of our state.

(Hispanic Americans • War, Cold • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Juan Ponce de Leon

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Florida, Monroe County, Islamorada
Juan Ponce de Leon was born in San Servas, Spain in 1460. He had served in the Spanish army and had accompanied Christopher Columbus in his second voyage in 1491. He was appointed governor of Haiti in 1511 and governor of Puerto Rico in 1512.

His wife and daughter lived in a beautiful home in Puerto Rico called Casa Blanca.

To be governor of any new land he would find north and west of Haiti, he was required to furnish three ships, the crews, and supplies. He set out March 13, 1513 and on April 3, he planted the Spanish flag near St. Augustine and named it La Florida.

On May 5, 1513, he sailed through the Florida Keys, calling them Los Martires. That Sunday, he collected firewood and filled the ships's casts with water from the wells on Achecombie (Lower Matecumbe). He stopped in Matanca (Indian Key)on his way back to Puerto Rico.

In 1521, during his second voyage, he was shot by an arrow and returned to Cuba where he died.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historic Plaque

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Florida, Monroe, Islamorada
Indian Key, an 11 acre island just offshore to the east, played an important part in Florida's history. An Indian village 1500 years ago, it was also the home of pirates roaming the Caribbean, and a ship wrecker's village during the 1810's. The original seat of Dade County in 1836, the village consisted of some thirty houses, a warehouse, wharves, a general store, shops, U.S. Post Office, a hotel with ballroom and bowling alleys. It became the site of the Tropical Plant Company with a nursery on Lower Matecumbe, raising sisal for hemp rope, and mulberry trees used in the silk industry. Indians attacked the island killing Dr. Henry Perrine and five others the night of August 7, 1840. Just over the bridge on Lower Matecumbe stood a large Indian village with fresh water wells used by Spanish fleets going to and from Spain.

(Exploration • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Parsons' Batteries Heavily Engaged

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Tennessee, Rutherford County, near Murfreesboro
The 200 Regular Army gunners of Batteries H and M set up their eight cannon from here all the way to the Nashville Pike. For four solid hours, at brutal short range they fired many hundreds of rounds if munitions into the rebel ranks. Their steady, punishing barrages helped dishearten their foes and encourage their comrades.

…my instructions from General Palmer were to remain where I was, in order to check the advance of the enemy, should he turn our right (flank). At about 8 a.m. our infantry came falling back from the pine woods...our batteries were swung around and brought at once into action. The approach of the enemy was parallel...to our front, and when he arrived within about 300 yards we opened upon his first line...(with) canister...the enemy fell back beyond our view. He reappeared shortly afterward to our left, but again, receiving our fire, fell back beyond our view...At about 12 (noon) just as I had nearly given out of ammunition, I received orders to...retire.
— Charles Parsons, 1st lieutenant, commanding battalion, 4th Regiment United States Artillery

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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