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Lincoln in the Black Hawk War

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Illinois, Lee County, Dixon
On May 12, 1832 Captain Abraham Lincoln's company of Illinois volunteers camped one mile west. Lincoln re-enlisted in two other companies and was frequently in Dixon. Discharged from service near Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, on July 10, Lincoln passed through Dixon enroute to New Salem.

(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First McDonald's Franchise

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Illinois, Cook County, Des Plaines
Ray A. Kroc, founder of McDonald's Corporation, opened his first McDonald's franchise (the ninth McDonald's drive-in in the U.S.) on this site April 15, 1955
In memory of his wisdom and spirt, McDonald's Corporation dedicates this site to Ray A. Kroc, leader and friend April 15, 1985

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battery F, 136th Field Artillery, A.E.F.

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Ohio, Hamilton, Cincinnati
In memory of the service of Battery F, 136th Field Artillery, A.E.F. Erected by the mothers.

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

City Hall

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Minnesota, Morrison County, Little Falls


Built 1937
This property recognized by
Heritage Preservation Commission

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Front Street Paper Mill

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New Jersey, Mercer County, Trenton

Most of the historic walls before you relate to the Front Street Paper Mill, which operated from around 1827 until 1876. The rectangular pit originally contained a giant overshot waterwheel, six to eight feet wide and 18 to 20 feet in diameter, fed by a flume drawing water from Petty's Run. The high wall to the right divided the two main sections of the paper mill. Other walls define the mill's footprint, extending to your left and right; these overlie less well preserved remains of the earlier steel furnace and were later incorporated into the basements of the row homes that replaced the paper mill in the 1870s. The eastern section of the mill, to the right of the dividing wall, was built over and integrated with the channelized course of Petty's Run and the West Front Street Bridge.

Garret D. Wall
The driving force behind the establishment of the Front Street Paper Mill was Garret D. Wall (1783-1850). Wall was a member of a prestigious 19th century New Jersey political and legal dynasty that began with Revolutionary War patriot Jonathan Rhea (1754-1815), who served as Clerk of the New Jersey Supreme Court and Quartermaster General of the State of New Jersey. Wall, who married Rhea's daughter, held the same two positions, was appointed a U.S. District Attorney and went on to become a New Jersey Assemblyman and then a U.S. Senator.

Wall was elected Governor of New Jersey in 1829, but declined to take up the position. Instead, he supported the installation of Peter D. Vroom as Governor in his place. Vroom later married Wall's daughter. Rhea, Wall and Vroom all lived at various times in residences along West State Street in the vicinity of the State House, including a fine townhouse that stood just a few feet northwest of the paper mill.

Waterwheel to Turbine
Archaeological analysis of the wheel pit suggests that the waterpower system went through at least three phases of development. The earliest arrangement, likely put in place in the late 1820s, is thought to have involved a 20-fool-diameter overshot waterwheel, made of wood and iron, positioned within a wheel pit that was slightly wider (11 to 12 feet) than the one that is presently visible. Evidence of an earlier bearing slot and west wall are visible to the left of the present wheel pit.

In 1865-66, a cast-iron wheel was installed in a slightly narrower wheel pit, the side walls of which were constructed out of finely dressed brownstone. This wheel pit, with its two distinctive bearing slots, is what is visible today.

Finally, sometime just prior to 1870, the waterwheel was replaced with a water turbine. The massive timbers and planking found during excavation of the wheel pit in 2009 mostly relate to the water box that contained the turbine and an adjoining fore-chamber. The turbine was removed prior to the demolition of the mill and filling of the water pit.

Trenton Paper
Trenton has a long history of paper manufacturing. The city's first paper mill was built by John Reynolds and Stacy Potts at the mouth of the Assunpink Creek in 1778. it supplied the paper for the New Jersey Gazette, the state's first newspaper, printed in Trenton by Isaac Collins. Other paper mills were established in the mid-19th century, one on the spur of the Trenton Water Power near the William Trent House, another upstream on the Assunpink at the South Broad Street crossing.

The Front Street Paper Mill, the second mill of its kind in the city, was founded by Garret D. Wall around 1827. It was initially managed on Wall's behalf by local paper maker John Davisson, processing rags into pulp and producing chiefly news printing paper. After the Civil War, the mill switched to making mostly paper bags, wrapping paper and roofing paper. Ten years later, the business shut down and the building was demolished to make way for residential development.

Making Paper
In the early 19th century making paper entailed tow main operations, mostly carried out by hand; processing rags into pulp and then converting the pulp into paper. The Front Street Paper Mill, in its early days, would have sorted rags by color; washed, soaked and if necessary, bleached them; and then beaten them into pulp using water-powered stampers to separate the cellulose fibers.

Converting the pulp to paper first involved dipping a mesh-covered mold into the fibrous mixture to create layers of paper that were separated by sheets of felt, and then removing excess water from the stacks of paper using a screw press. The paper was separated from the felt, pressed again, sized (which required dipping in a gelatinous liquid formed from boiled animal hides), pressed yet again, dried, polished, cut to size, pressed one last time and packaged.

As the 19th century progressed, the production process became more mechanized and made greater use of chemical, greatly increasing the output. Key pieces of equipment, in widespread use by the mid-19th century and certainly in place at the Front Street mill by 1860, were water-or steam-powered machines that passed wire mesh through the pulp, either in the form of endless woven-wire cloth or on a revolving cylinder.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Little Crow's Camp

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Minnesota, Kandiyohi County, near Spicer
The Dakota nation established campsites in Kandiyohi County to hunt and fish. Little Crow's campsite located here was used for that purpose. Little Crow was born Taoyateduta about 1810 in the Mdewakanton Dakota village of Kaposia. Little Crow later became chief of his village after his father's death in 1846. Little Crow signed the Treaty at Taverse Des Sioux in 1851. He went with the Dakota delegation to Washington D.C. in 1858 to convince the U.S. Government to follow through on the previous treaty terms. Through the treaties with the U.S. Government, the Dakota were left with a small portion of land south of the Minnesota River. Little Crow played an important role in the U.S. Dakota Conflict of 1862 by serving as the leader for the Dakota warriors.

This project has been financed in part with funds provided by
the State of Minnesota through the Minnesota Historical Society from the Arts and
Cultural Heritage Fund and the Kandiyohi County Historical Society.


(Native Americans • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Henson House

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Ontario, Municipality of Chatham-Kent, near Dresden
English
Built in the mid-19th century, this house was the last residence of Josiah Henson and his second wife, Nancy Gambril, who lived in it until Henson’s death in 1883. Henson’s house was substantial in size compared to other residential buildings in the area at the time and stands as a symbol of his status in the community.

After Henson’s death, the house underwent changes under several different owners before William Chapple purchased it in 1940. In 1948 he opened the house as a museum, moved it to a new site and attempted to return the house to its original condition. Jack Thomson purchased the house in 1964 and relocated it here, one-half kilometer northeast of its original location.

Chapple’s and Thomson’s efforts to restore Henson’s house as a museum ensured its survival at a time when the architectural conservation movement had not yet been popularized in Ontario. Henson House is significant for its association with Reverend Josiah Henson and is an example of mid-19th century vernacular domestic architecture.

French
Construite au milieu de 19ᵉ siècle, cette maison fut la dernière résidence de Josiah Henson et de sa seconde femme, Nancy Gambril, qui y vécurent jusqu’au décès de Henson, en 1883. Cette maison était de taille imposante comparée aux autres bâtiments résidentiels de la région, à l’époque, et symbolise son statut au sein de la communauté.

Après le décès de Henson, la maison fut transformée par plusieurs propriétaires, avant d’être achetée par William Chapple, en 1940. En 1948, il transforma la maison en musée, l’installa sur un nouveau site et essaya de lui redonner son apparence d’antan. Jack Thomson acheta la maison en 1964 plus la réinstalla ice, a un demi-kilomètre au nord-est de son emplacement original.

Les efforts déployés par Chapple et Thomson pour restaurer la maison Henson de la transformer en musée permirent d’assurer sa survie à une époque oû le mouvement de conservation architecturale n’était pas encore devenu populaire en Ontario. La maison Henson revêt une importance de par son association avec le révérend Josiah Henson et en tant qu’exemple d’architecture canadienne vernaculaire du milieu de 19ᵉ siècle.

(African Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Spirituality and Community

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Ontario, Municipality of Chatham-Kent, Dresden
English
Built around 1850, this modest rural church was moved from Mersea Township to this site in the 1960s and is representative of the churches in which Reverend Henson preached while living at Dawn.

Reverend Josiah Henson was most closely associated with the Dawn settlement’s British Methodist Episcopal (B.M.E.) Church in which he preached many of his sermons. That church was demolished in the 1940s due to safety concerns, although the organ was saved and is displayed inside this church.

The local church was one of the Black community’s most important institutions and served as a place of worship and a centre for meetings, educational purposes, recreational and social activities. Reverend Henson, along with other ministers and the church community, played an important role in preserving Black culture.

French
Construite aux alentours de 1850, cette modeste église rurale, qui se trouvait auparavant dans le canton de Mersa, a été transférée sur ce site dans les années 1960. Elle est représentative des églises dans lesquelles le révérend Henson prêchait lorsqu’il vivait a Dawn.

Le révérend Josiah Henson a surtout été associé à l’église épiscopale méthodiste britannique (B.M.E.) de l’établissement de Dawn dans laquelle il a prêché bon nombre de ses sermons. Cette église a été démolie dans les années 1940 pour des raisons de sécurité. L’orgue a été sauvé et installé dans cette église.
L’église locale était une des institutions les plus importantes de la communauté noire et servait de lieu de culte et de centre de réunions et d’activités éducatives, récréatives et socials. Le révérend Henson, de mêne que d’autres prêtres et la communauté religieuse, contribuèrent de façon notable à préserver la culture noire.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

I Had a Comerade

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Liechtenstein, Schaan, Schaan
The initial part of this transcription presents the center vertical part of the marker:

Seine Durchlaucht
Prinz Heinrich Alois
von und zu Liechtenstein
Maj. d. k.u.k. Drag. Rgt. 13
Bes. des Signum laudis
des Ordens der
Eisernen Krone III. Kl. u.s.w.
geb. 21.VI.1877
gest. 16.VIII.1915 i. Warschau
infolge Verwundung
beim Vormarsch gegen
Brest-Litovsk

English translation:
His Highness
Prince Heinrich Alois
of Liechtenstein
Major of the Imperial (Austrian) Dragoons, 13th Regiment
Holder of the "Sign of Praise" military merit medal
of the Order of the Iron Crown, 3rd Class, etc.
Born June 21, 1877
Died August 16, 1915 in Warsaw
as a result of wounds suffered
in the campaign against Brest-Litovsk.

This portion of the marker transcription presents the names (last name, first name) by location in Liechtenstein. Click on the marker image to enlarge for non-transcribed details (rank, year and place of birth, date and place of death):

Es rueckten ein aus... (He marched from...)

Schaan:
Baldauf,Joh. Georg • Frick, Alois • Frick, Alexander • Gächter, Josef • Gebhard, Josef • Gruber, Josef • Johlet, Wilhelm • Lorenzim, Rudolf • Niederer, Hermann • Wieser, Josef

Vaduz:
Grieser, Anton • Morinelli, Felix • Uray, Rudolf • Uray, Roman

Triesen:
Boschetto, Anton • Ehrenbauer, Paul • Konzett, Florian • Tschugmell, Josef • Tschugmell, Otto • Spitzenstatter, Joh. • Weisshaupt, Wilh.

Ruggell:
Gschwender, Josef • Sperandio, Alfred

Nendeln:
Veit, Adalb

Schaanwald:
Hausle, Gottlieb • Facchini, Camillo


(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Langley Observatory Clock

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Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, Pittsburgh
The title of the sculpture, Langley Observatory Clock, refers to the work of Samuel P. Langley. In 1870, Langley, director of the Allegheny Observatory, created the Allegheny System - a standardized system of measuring and disseminating accurate time. Langley used the observatory telescope and astronomical observations to set the time on a specifically designed clock. Using telegraph wires, Langley connected the observatory clock to a highly visible clock located at Pittsburgh's City Hall on Smithfield Street. By the end of the year, 42 railroads were provided a standard time through this system.

(Air & Space • Railroads & Streetcars • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Compere Cemetery

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Texas, Jones County, near Hawley
This burial ground is all that remains of the farming community of Compere, established in the 1880s on ranch land sold by the Compere brothers. In 1900, Daniel and Callie Palmer settled in the area along with their children: Henry, Wilder, William, Roman, Vernon, Ford and Norbin. The Palmers deeded two acres of land for a community cemetery in 1904. The first known burial, that of the infant daughter of Mr. And Mrs. O.H. Ashby, took place the same year. Gravestones yield information on former residents, including Carrie Shannon Palmer, who died in the 1918 Influenza Epidemic, community leaders and veterans of military conflicts.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

8.6 Miles South to Fort Phantom Hill

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Texas, Jones County, near Lueders
Established November 14, 1851 by the United States Army as a protection of the settlers against the Indians. Abandoned and burned April 6, 1854. Repaired and used by Southern Overland Mail, 1858-1861, sub-post of Fort Griffin, 1871-1872, temporary county seat of Jones County in 1881.

(Communications • Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Nancy Hart's Capture

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West Virginia, Nicholas County, Summersville
Nancy Hart, noted, beautiful Confederate spy, was seized July, 1862, leading attack in which most of Summersville was burned. She killed her guard with his pistol and escaped. She was buried on Manning Knob.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gen. Lightburn

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West Virginia, Lewis County, Jane Lew
The Broad Run Baptist Church was organized in 1804. (2 mi.W.) In its cemetery are buried many early settlers. Here is grave of Gen. Jos. A. Lightburn of the Union Army. After the War between the States, he became a Baptist minister.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lake Mille Lacs Walleye

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Minnesota, Crow Wing County, Garrison


Legend has it this walleye was caught by Paul Bunyan and Babe the Blue Ox after a three day struggle. Paul finally wrapped his line around Babe's horns and Babe pulled the fish out of Lake Mille Lacs and up onto Garrison Beach.

(Animals • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mille Lacs Lake

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Minnesota, Crow Wing County, Garrison


Names from the fur traders' phrase "The Thousand Lakes Region." This lake is 1250 feet above sea level and covers about 200 square miles. It formerly included much low ground and several adjacent lakes. When visited by Du Luth in 1679, Sioux villages, now indicated by numerous burial mounds, lined the lake shore.

(Exploration • Man-Made Features • Native Americans • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William A. Tauer

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Minnesota, Crow Wing County, Garrison


This memorial erected
in honor of
William A. Tauer
who sacrificed his life
to save others
during the storm on
Mille Lacs Lake
June 10, 1927

(Heroes) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

All Veterans Memorial

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Minnesota, Crow Wing County, Brainerd

In Honor and Memory
of all men and women
who served in the
Armed Forces of the
United States of America,
in war and peace

WWI 1917-1918
WWII 1941-1945
Bataan
Korea 1950-1953
Vietnam 1964-1973


(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Carnegie Library

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Minnesota, Crow Wing County, Brainerd


This building
was presented to the
City of Brainerd
by
Andrew Carnegie
Anno Domini, 1904.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First N. P. Depot

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Minnesota, Crow Wing County, Brainerd


[Title is text]

(Communications • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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