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The Military Road

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Georgia, Glynn County, St. Simons Island

The Military Road connecting Fort Frederica with Fort Saint Simons, crossed at this point. Built in 1738 by British forces under Oglethorpe and used during the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
W.P.A. 1936 D.A.R.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

MFWC Birthplace

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Mississippi, Attala County, Kosciusko

The Mississippi Federation of Women’s Clubs was founded here on May 25, 1898. Organized by Mrs. Fannie Clark Coleman of Kosciusko, charter clubs included Clarksdale, Jackson, Verona, Sallis, Okolona, Vicksburg, and Meridian. Mrs. D.N. Hebron was elected as the first president. The MFWC joined the General Federation in 1904.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

MFWC Headquarters

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Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson

The Mississippi Federation of Women’s Clubs, organized in 1898 in Kosciusko, moved into this headquarters building in 1936. Designed by architect Robert Naef and built by the Works Projects Administration, the structure is of the Georgian-Revival style. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

(Civil Rights • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oakridge Cemetery

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Indiana, Elkhart County, Goshen
The earliest known burials at Oakridge date to 1832. The trustees of First Church founded the cemetery in 1839. It was ceded to the City of Goshen in 1859.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad

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Indiana, Elkhart County, Goshen
On February 21st, 1837, the Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad first met in South Bend, Indiana to discuss the development of a rail system that would connect the county seats between Chicago, Illinois and Toledo, Ohio. After the State of Indiana denied the funding, the project was delayed for many years.

When the Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad merged with the Michigan Southern Railroad in 1850, a round house was built in Goshen to accommodate the railroad's scheduled one train per week. The Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad also furnished the Charter for the construction of the Goshen Branch. The Round House was completed in the fall of 1851 and the first train arrived with great fanfare in 1852. This bridge on Bridge Street is the only remaining structure of the Buffalo & Mississippi Railroad.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War

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New Jersey, Hunterdon County, Flemington
Major Lambert Boeman of the 15th NJ Infantry is buried here just to the east. He was killed at Cedar Creek, VA in October of 1864 while in command of the 10th NJ.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Malahide / Mullach Íde

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Ireland, Leinster, County Fingal, Malahide


[Excerpt from marker]
History

There has been a settlement at Malahide (Mullach Íde in Gaelige meaning the Hill of the Hydes) since ancient times. The Vikings landed in 795 AD and the Danes were settled here from 897 AD. In 1185 the Normans were in control of Dublin and from the 12th century the castle at Malahide was developed by the Talbot family who remained in residence until the 1970's.

The village developed in the early 19th century and the small harbour was used to import coal and timber. Flax was grown locally and the stain it left on walls as it was being dried gave name to the area of the town still known as 'Yellow Walls'. The Grand Hotel was built in 1835 in anticipation of the arrival of the railway which started service in 1844. This, along with the development of the Malahide Sea Baths, put Malahide on the map for visitors from Dublin and beyond.

In recent years the town has developed its visitor attractions and facilities. It has top quality Hotels, conference facilities, shops, restaurants and bars. The coastline provides a variety of recreational opportunities and the town has a full range of sporting and social facilities. Malahide is also an example of civic pride and is a winner of the national Tidy Town competition.

[Balance of marker not transcribed]

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Entrepreneurs

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District of Columbia, Washington
Apple and Peach Trees once covered the slopes to your left, some 40 acres' worth, all planted by noted horticulturalist John Saul (1819-1897). In the 1870s Saul was one of Brghtwood's largest landowners. In addition to these orchards, he operated nurseries for ornamental trees and greenhouse plants near old Brightwood racetrack and on Seventh Street, and developed a nationally renowned seed catalogue business.

Saul originally came to Washington in 1841 from County Cork, Ireland, to work for Andrew Jackson Downing, then one of the nation's most important landscape architects. Saul assisted Downing as they landscaped the city's key public spaces: the National Mall, the Ellipse, and Lafayette Square. Saul's descendants went into real estate, founding the B.F. Saul Company and also Chevy Chase Bank.

To your left is the rear of the Rittenhouse, which opened in 1957 as the area's first grand large-scale apartment building. (The Mid-century Modern style of the Rittenhouse is best seen from 16th Street, one block to your left.) Constructed by Morris Pollin and Sons, it was part of the wave of post-World War II residential building that filled in most of the District's remaining rural settings. Pollin's son Abe, the developer, philanthropist, and long-time owner of the Washington Wizards, got his start building houses and apartments in the late 1940s/.

Noted Washington architect Joseph Abel designed the Rittenhouse emphasizing glass and natural light, and centering the tall building in its grassy space.

(Horticulture & Forestry • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Never Again Such Homes At the Price!

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District of Columbia, Washington
We have Harry Wardman to thank for the rich variety of Sheridan Street rowhouses. Wardman, considered Washington's most prolific developer, built hundreds of offices, apartments, hotels, and comfortable rowhouses from 1899 to 1939. When he decided to sell some land he owned here along Sheridan Street, the purchasers hired a "Who's Who" of the era's best architects, resulting in an array of building styles.

Wardman kept two parcels, for which his chief architect Turkish-trained Mihran Mesrobian, employed two different styles. At numbers 1370-1378 are five Tudor style houses. Advertisements in 1934 boasted of the latest features: six rooms, two baths, sleeping porch, breakfast porch, fireplace, and built-in garage. Mesrobian gave Georgian touches to the roof lines and front porches of 1356-1368. With paneled recreation rooms and then-generous eight-cubic-foot refrigerators, they sold quickly.

Wardman lost much of his fortune at the beginning of the Great Depression in 1929, but by the early 1930s was back in business. The houses on Sheridan Street were among the last he built before his death in 1938.

Among Sheridan Street's styles is Colonial Revival, chosen for 1334-1346 by Clarence Harding, who was noted for designing the old Woodward and Lothrop Department Store on F Street. Arthur Brodie designed the houses at 1320-1332 in the Art Deco style. Charles Dillon used the Romantic style for numbers 1300 to 1308. And George T. Santmyers, who contributed buildings to Washington from 1914 until 1960, designed 1339-1391 Sheridan in the Popular English cottage and craftsman styles.

Sheridan Street's architectural styles include English Cottage by Santmyers on this side of the street, to your left. Across the street are Mesrobian's Tudor style houses followed by his Colonial Revival houses; Brodies eclectic houses with Art Deco details; ending with Dillon's Romantic style houses.

(Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 15 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Swigert's Evaporator

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New York, Niagara County, Ransomville
c. 1902, John and Henry Swigert built an evaporator, one of the world's largest apple dryers, and in 1905 a cooperage. Both were destroyed by fire in 1927. The Grange Hall survived.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Traveler's Home

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New York, Niagara County, Ransomville
Built in 1870, travelers from accross the country and State Troopers, while on duty in Ransomville, boarded here from 1913 through the 1920s. Home of Carlos Brookins, inventor.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Chambers House

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Delaware, New Castle County, Newark
Top Panel:
A historic house leaves, then returns to the family. The story of the Chambers House begins in 1775 when Benjamin Chambers bought 250 acres of land and set up a sawmill on nearby White Clay Creek. His son Joseph built this house about 1820 following Benjamin's death. After 1841, the house and land changed hands many times, but none of the new owners belonged to the Chambers family until 1927, when a distant relative of the original owners bought it. The new owners, Mary Chambers Folwell and her husband, P. Folwell, started a dairy farm on the land. They also made changes to the house at various times during their ownership. In 1959, the house and land were sold to E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Company, which planned to build a dam on White Clay Creek. When public protests stopped construction of the dam, the property was donated to the State of Delaware. The area became a part of White Clay Creek State Park. Today the Chambers House is the park's nature center.

Center Panel:
"Stairways" The simple Quaker style of the Chambers House is found on other homes in this area built in the early 1800's. The original house was made of stone. The addition on the side was added in the late 1800's, and was renovated during the early- to mid-1900's. In 1985, State Parks restored and preserved the house. Because one staircase is in the old stone house and two more in the addition, the Chambers House was once known by the nickname, "Stairways."

Bottom Panel:
Things to Know About the Chambers House:
•The farmhouse was located here to take advantage of the fertile land and the water power from the creek to run gristmills and saw mills.
•It is built from locally quarried rock, just like the ones seen near the creek.
•Today you enter through the back of the house via the basement. The front of the house faces north where the entrance road is located.
•A winding staircase connects all three levels of the original stone house.
•The original house is largely unchanged, including the early floors and woodwork. All additions were carefully completed to preserve the architecture of the structure. This allowed it to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Harrison Street

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
This marker consists of six plaques arranged in a 2 X 3 pattern. The top left plaque is the title plaque and may contain some text. The top right plaque displayed an arrow which points in the direction of the named street. Other plaques contain biographical information on the person for whom the street is named, appropriate quotation(s) and relevant illustrations, cast in bronze.

In February of 1853, the United States Topographical Engineers published their first detailed survey of the city, showing new streets, many named for army and navy officers. Fremont and Folsom were prominent officers; Harrison, Bryant and King held important city and port positions’ Spear and Brannon had been pioneers in Yerba Buena before San Francisco has its name.

Quartermaster’s Clerk of the Stevenson Regiment of First New York Volunteers, Edward H. Harrison came from an obscure past to occupy a respectable role in the nascent civic affairs of San Francisco, becoming Port Collector in 1848 before returning to the East in 1850. Harrison typified the ordinary men of the Stevenson Regiment recruited from the Irish mechanics of New York, who arrived in California too late 1847 to affect the course of the War with Mexico, but stayed to rise to prominence in the state.

“And when the Future shall mature, which now receives its birth, when California stands among the mighty powers of earth; then Californians, pause to think who brought these blessings rare. Think who it was first pealed the note of Freedom on the air, and you will learn with heartfelt praise, to bless the happy day, when Freedom took its westward flight to California.” – Anonymous member of Stevenson Regiment • 1847

(Roads & Vehicles • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hills Brothers Coffee

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
Founded in 1878 by Austin and Reuben Hills, Hills Brothers’ Coffee became world-famous when it invented vacuum-packed coffee in a can in time for the Alaska Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. This complex, San Francisco Landmark # 157, was designed in 1924 by George Kelham, architect of many other fine San Francisco buildings. The Mediterranean Romanesque design of the Hills Brothers’ building reflects the Arabian origin of coffee and spices; the craftsmanship of its details shows the pride San Francisco took in their home industries. In the late 1980s, the building was rebuilt for offices, and the larger companion structure to the north was designed in a similar style. The original south tower was used to store coffee beans, and much of the rest of the complex was devoted to grinding and roasting. For over fifty years the scent of coffee from this building brought warmth to the waterfront even on the coldest of days.

(Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Folsom Street

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
The Folsom Street marker originally consisted of six plaques arranged in a 2 X 3 pattern embedded in the sidewalk. Two of the plaques, the top right plaque and the center right plaque, been lost due to the placement of some utility boxes. The top left plaque is the title plaque and may contain some text. The other plaques contain biographical information on the person for whom the street is named, appropriate quotation(s) and relevant illustrations, cast in bronze.

In February of 1853, the United States Topographical Engineers published their first detailed survey of the city, showing new streets, many named for army and navy officers. Fremont and Folsom were prominent officers; Harrison, Bryant and King held important city and port positions’ Spear and Brannon had been pioneers in Yerba Buena before San Francisco has its name.

“It is impossible to foretell what will be the ultimate result of this sudden development of wealth. It is sufficiently obvious, however, that the country will be prematurely filled by a restless, excitable, adventurous, and reckless population.” – Captain Joseph Folsom

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Howard Street

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
This marker consists of six plaques arranged in a 2 X 3 pattern, embedded in the sidewalk. The top left plaque is the title plaque and may contain some text. The top right plaque displayed an arrow which points in the direction of the named street. Other plaques contain biographical information on the person for whom the street is named, appropriate quotation(s) and relevant illustrations, cast in bronze.

In 1845, W.D.M. Howard opened a store in Yerba Buena with Henry Mellus and in 1848, bought out the Hudson Bay Trading Company one week before Marshall found gold. With well-supplied stores in Sacramento, San Jose and San Francisco, Howard developed his waterfront property and Rancho San Mateo. A gifted mimic, he improvised theatricals, serenading his friends with invitations to his midnight champagne suppers. Actively generous, Howard funded the city’s first public school, first hospital, first fire engine, and first churches. Over six feet tall, with a portly build, a direct gaze, and a deep persuasive voice, Howard organized the California National Guard presided over the Society of California Pioneers, and chaired the Vigilance Committee. His early death at the age of 37 revealed the extent of his many hidden charities.

“Howard was a bold operator who acted on a grand scale.” William William Heath Davis, Close Friend in Yerba Buena

(Notable Persons • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Audiffred Building

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
Built by Hippolite d’Audiffred in 1889, with a cast-iron facade and a French mansard roof, this is the only building standing that witnessed the construction of the Ferry Building in 1896-1898. Together they are the only two buildings along the central waterfront to survive the 1906 earthquake and fire. As flames spread east to engulf this area, firemen has given up on the block when barkeepers in the Bulkhead Saloon are said to have offered them two quarts of whiskey per firefighter and a firehouse full of wine if they would save the building. Whether the story, or some variation, is true – the Audiffred Building stood as the sole survivor on this block. With three saloons on the ground floor and rented rooms above, the building became union headquarters for Andrew Furuseth’s Sailor’s Union of the Pacific. On July 6, 1934, International Longshoremen’s Union President Harry Bridges’ second floor office overlooked the site where longshoreman Howard Perry and Gene Olsen fell, shot by police. San Francisco Landmark number 7, the Audiffred Building is a National Registered Landmark.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mission Dam

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California, Los Angeles County, Mission Hills, Los Angeles
Rubble masonry water storage dam built by San Fernando Mission Indians in 1808. Water Flowed to the mission via a tiled pipe. Marked by El Camino Real Parlor No. 324 Native Daughters of the Golden West March 11, 1972

(Hispanic Americans • Horticulture & Forestry • Man-Made Features • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Signs of History

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
The Embarcadero did not exist at the water’s edge until the late 19th Century. Wharves reached out, some for more than a thousand feet from the historic shoreline that was gradually filled and extended to create the roadway landscape that you see today. San Francisco’s evolving waterfront history is told through stories, poetry and images on tall, black and white pylons, bronze plaques embedded in the sidewalks, and porcelain panels mounted on concrete podia.

Commissioned by the San Francisco Art Commission for the Waterfront Transportation Projects

Designer: Michael Manwaring, Historian: Nancy Leigh Olmsted 1991-2000


(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

San Francisco Centre

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
This site was dedicated for public school use in 1858. Two schools were established on this site: Webster Primary School (1860 to 1906) and Lincoln Grammar School (1865 to 1906). In 1874 the Board of Education leased the Market Street frontage for commercial development. After the 1906 earthquake, the entire site was leased with the provision and foresight that the income derived from this property would benefit the public school students of San Francisco. This spirit and dedication continues.

(Education • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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