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Wind Power on the Waterfront

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Buffalo, New York.
In June 2007, eight wind turbines began operation along the shores of Lake Erie, capturing the constant breezes and generating enough clean energy to power 6,000 homes.

The "Steel Winds" project is unique for several reasons, most notably its location. While many existing wind farms are located on private farms, the Lackawanna wind farm is located directly on the Lake Erie shoreline, and is the first in the state to be located on an abandoned brownfield site. The 29 acre site was formerly part of Bethlehem Steel, and was contaminated with steel slag and industrial waste. A grant from the EPA helped the City of Lackawanna determine the extent of contamination. Existing transmission lines and roads made the site a prime location for the production of renewable energy. Wind turbines were ideal because much of the construction could occur without excavating the contaminated soil.

Remedial activities included regrading, removing solid waste and grossly contaminated soils, and vegetating the entire site.

The eight wind turbines are among the largest wind turbines ever assembled in the country, and the first of their kind on the Great Lakes shoreline. The project had a "slag breaking" ceremony on September 15, 2006. The first of eight 400-foot turbines was put into place in December, 2006. Each turbine cost $4.25 million to build and can generate 2.5 megawatts of electricity.

The eight Clipper Liberty wind turbines (built in Cedar Rapids, Iowa) have the ability to generate over 50 million kilowatt hours of electric energy each tear without the pollution associated with traditional energy sources. The power generated is sold into the NYS Idependent System Operator grid for distribution to retail customers. Additional turbines are planned for the future.
[caption] Wind turbines along the Lackawanna waterfront.

Wind power is an important part of the United States energy future. Wind power does not emit greenhouse gases or other damaging pollutants into our atmosphere.
Turbine Height Comparison. Buffalo Lighthouse - 60 feet. City Hall - 398 feet. Steel Winds Turbine - 400 feet. HSBC [renamed Seneca] Tower - 538 feet.

(Industry & Commerce • Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Junction House

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Reno, Nevada.
Here was located one of the busiest crossroads of pioneer Nevada, converging point for many major toll roads of the area. The earliest emigrants from the east crossed through Truckee Meadows at this point and by 1853 the intersection was known as Junction House, first permanent settlement in this valley and a stopping place for thousands. Junction House, later called Andersons, was a station for such toll roads of the 1860's as the turnpike to Washoe City, the Myron Lake road to Oregon, the Geiger roads to Virginia City and the important Henness Pass route to California. Governor Sparks bought the property in the late 1890's and more recently it belonged to cattleman William Moffat.

(Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wagon Wheel History

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Death Valley, California.
Traces of civilization remain for a long time on the face of Death Valley. Here, on both sides of the paved highway, you can see tracks of wagons that rolled between the mining boom towns of Rhyolite, Nevada and Skidoo, California.

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Arizona Copper Company's Locomotive #2

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Phoeniz, Arizona.

The Arizona Copper Company of Morenci, Arizona purchased five of these locomotives between 1882 and 1886 to haul ore on the Coronado railroad. The H. K. Porter Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania manufactured them in 1882.

Locomotive #2 ran on 20" tracks. This is 16” less than narrow gauge, and 36 1/2" less than standard gauge tracks. The small locomotive measures only 17 feet long, by 5 feet 5 inches wide and weighs just 11 tons.

Locomotive #2 was abandoned in 1923 at the top of the steep 1,200 foot Coronado Incline. Phelps Dodge Morenci, Inc. recovered it in 1990 from the top of the incline at Morenci Mine and donated it to the Arizona Department of Mines and Mineral Resources.

Restoration funding was provided by the Arizona Heritage Fund and Phelps Dodge Morenci, Inc.

The locomotive was donated by Phelps Dodge Morenci, Inc.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Boras Headframe

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Phoenix, Arizona.

The Boras Headframe was the last of the wooden headframes built in the Warren Mining District near Bisbee, Arizona. Erected in 1917, it hoisted over 50,000 tons of copper ores by 1926 when the mine was closed during the Depression. Production resumed in 1938 and continued to 1944. In 1952 the headframe was reconditioned and some of its wood supports were replaced with steel. Until 1975 it served as a ventilation and escape shaft for the interconnecting underground workings of the Dallas and Cole mines. The relocation to Phoenix was completed in 1998.

The shaft served by the Boras Headframe was 1,034 feet deep. The hoist's motor was manufactured by General Electric and rated at 52 horsepower at 550 rpm. Maximum speed of the hoist was 1,200 feet per minute.

The Arizona Heritage Fund and Phelps Dodge Corporation, Inc. provided restoration funding.

Thanks to many organizations who provided labor and materials for the project. Special thanks to Arizona Public Service Company for the use of their crane and its crew.

Donated by Phelps Dodge Morenci, Inc.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Florence: Industrial Beginnings

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Florence, Oregon.

Early industries in the Florence area were built on the natural resources that the Siuslaw River Valley had to offer. The rivers were filled with swarming salmon and the forests held acres of old growth timber. Those abundant natural resources led to the early economy being built upon sawmills and canneries along the Siuslaw River.

Fishing & Canneries
Fishing on the Siuslaw River has been a way of life for thousands of years. The Duncan Cannery was the first in the Florence area and opened in 1877 near the current location of the Coast Guard Station. Operations of the Duncan Cannery and Sawmill only lasted a few years due to the constant battle with shifting sand off the dunes.
Many other canneries followed and the demand on the fishing industry heightened. Fishing boats worked to meet the demands of the canneries through the use of set nets, drift nets, and fish traps. Once the fish were sold to the canneries, employees would assemble the cans, clean and cut the fish, and process the varieties of canned or barreled fish.
New regulations were introduced in the late 1890s that prohibited fish traps in order to protect the dwindling supply of fish. As efforts to increase fish populations were unsuccessful, the booming canneries and fish processing industry dwindled.

Timber & Sawmills
The Siuslaw River Valley, like many areas along the Oregon coast, had forests rich in timber. Logging became a prominent industry in the Florence area, utilizing the Siuslaw River as a mode of transportation. Logs from the forests in the Siuslaw River Valley were too large for cabin construction and needed to be cut down into boards to use.
Timber was cut near side channels that would carry the logs to the Siuslaw River and then down to sawmills that were rapidly being built in the area. As settlers began to populate the Florence area, sawmills worked to keep up with the lumber demand. The logging industry was a large employer in the Florence area and provided a prosperous economy. Lumber was shipped on schooners to California for distribution around the country.
During and after World War II, timber prices increased rapidly and harvesting accelerated. With the increased production, much of the viable timberland was harvested by the late 1950s and the logging industry declined.

Siuslaw National Forest
In 1908, President Theodore Roosevelt signed Executive Order Number 860 creating the Siuslaw National Forest. While the logging industry was booming in the early 20th Century, the federal government was taking steps to conserve the natural timber resources across the country. Initially, the Siuslaw National Forest consisted of over 900,000 acres, but currently covers 630,000 acres from Tillamook to Coos Counties.
Work crews were tasked with fire management; developing trails, roads, and facilities; managing pasture and grazing permits; stabilizing the dunes; and protecting the Siuslaw National Forest from timber thieves.

(Industry & Commerce • Horticulture & Forestry • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Abraham Lincoln's 1859 Visit

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Council Bluffs, Iowa.

This monument is to
commemorate the visit of
Abraham Lincoln
to Council Bluffs, Aug. 19, 1859
From this point he viewed
the extensive panorama of the
Valley of the Missouri River
and in compliance with
the laws of Congress
on November 7,1863
he selected this city
as the Eastern Terminus of
the Union Pacific Railroad

"A king of men,
whose crown was love,
whose throne was gentleness."

[Erected] October 1911

(Railroads & Streetcars • Man-Made Features • Politics) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mizpah Hotel

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Reno, Nevada.
Built in 1922 by the Pincolini brothers Joseph, Adelvaldo, Evaristo and Dante.

Listed in the National Register of Historical Places, it served the community well for eighty four years.

Destroyed by fire on October 31, 2006

In remembrance of those who perished

Alford Edward Yates, Gregory Jack Wiltse, Kevin M. Sutherin, Ernest James Duarte, William John Serrao, Paul D. Smith, Unknown Victim, Christopher James Covert, Jeremy Lee Wren, Nadine Inge Nicodemus, Diana Barbara Pochini, Philip James Bridges

(Notable Buildings • Disasters) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Navigating the Suislaw River

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Florence, Oregon.

The connection to the Pacific Ocean by way of the Siuslaw River made Florence a natural hub for industry. The shifting river channel and mouth made early navigation unpredictable. The lack of stable conditions made establishing a thriving harbor difficult for early settlers.

Transporting goods up and down the Siuslaw River was aided by the construction of the North and South Jetties. Assembly of the jetties began in the early 1890s with the assistance of the Army Corps of Engineers and federal funding. As funding resources were exhausted, little work was done on the jetties in the following years. The formation of the Port District in 1909 revitalized the efforts to make navigational improvements to the Siuslaw River with the aid of the River and Harbor Bill of 1910. With community support, the harbor was improved and the jetties were completed in 1917.

The first cargo ship to cross the bar at the Siuslaw River was the S.S. Alexander Duncan in 1877 traveling up river to the Duncan Cannery where it delivered machinery, livestock, plants, supplies, and the Duncan family organ. In the following years, several ships began to frequent the Florence area taking goods to and from the canneries along the Siuslaw River. Tugboats aided in the navigation of the Siuslaw River bar for cargo vessels supporting the mills and canneries.

Florence-Glenada Ferry
The Siuslaw River was the main mode of transportation in the Siuslaw Valley as settlement was established. Ferry travel was used to travel across the River between Florence and Glenada. The ferry traveled diagonally across the Siuslaw River, and the old landings can still be seen on either side of the river.

As the Oregon Coast Highway System developed, ferry travel increased drastically. The ferries could not keep up with the increase in traffic. In their 1934-35 Biennial Report, the Oregon State Highway Commission called the ferry system along the Oregon coast a "barrier to the growth and development of the Oregon coast region."

The first ferry on the Siuslaw River began in 1885 and was operated by ex-Norwegian Sea Captain Harry Olson. Transferred from service on Coos Bay in 1929, the Tourist I replaced the previous vessel as the Florence-Glenada Ferry. It operated on the Siuslaw River until the Siuslaw River Bridge was completed in 1936.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels • Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Copperthite Racetrack

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Burke, Virginia.
In 1897 Henry Copperthite, a Georgetown businessman, purchased Silas Burke’s farm. In 1907 he constructed, according to a newspaper account, the “very best” harness racing facility “of its kind in the country.” The grandstand, which opened on 4 July 1908, held 2,000 people. Horse, motorcycle and car races were also featured. Special trains from the Washington, D.C. area brought visitors to Burke, where they could stay at the new hotel. Families enjoyed fairs, Fort Myer cavalry drills, balloon ascensions, baseball games, athletic contests and dances the pavilion. For nearly a decade, thousands were entertained at the Copperthite racetrack and fairground.

(Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Loma Rica Grange Hall #802

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Loma Rica, California.
The National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry is a fraternal organization that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and agriculture and was founded in 1867. Loma Rica Grange Hall #802 was constructed in 1923 as a community center. The recorded cost to build was $1660.14. It was incorporated as the Loma Rica Community Hall Association in 1948 and designated as a non-profit to be used by the community for local events. The Lions Club and the Calvary Chapel ran the hall for many years. Currently the Yuba County Women's Sheriff's Posse have been stewards of the hall since 2009.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The National Humane Alliance Fountain

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Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Presented by
The National
Humane Alliance
Hermon Lee Ensign
Founder

The Haymarket Commercial
Historic District
has been entered in
The National Register of
Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior

(Man-Made Features • Animals • Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Winters Ranch

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near New Washoe City, Nevada.
This large carpenter-gothic style structure, completed about 1864, was the ranch home of Theodore and Maggie Winters and their seven children. Originally this area was settled by Mormons, and the ranch was purchased from Mormons by Winters and his brother, from the proceeds of the Comstock. Theodore Winters immediately set out to enlarge his property and built the mansion you see. The ranch, at one time, consisted of around 6,000 acres.

Winters raised outstanding race horses; raced them here. He also had a large dairy operation; raised beef cattle, work horses and sheep.

Theodore Winters was active in politics, being elected territorial representative in 1862.

(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Winters Ranch

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near New Washoe City, Nevada.
This is Rancho del Sierra, home of the Winters family from 1858 to 1953. The estate once covered six thousand acres of the surrounding property and included an orchard, horse race track and extensive livestock herds. The house was built by Theodore Winters, (circa 1862), who had become wealthy from part ownership in the Ophir Mine, located on the Comstock, which lies across the valley. The energetic lifestyle of the Winters family had a substantial impact on Nevada'a social events, community services, and state politics.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Franktown

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New Washoe City, Nevada.
Orson Hyde, probate judge of Carson County, Utah Territory, founded Franktown in the Wassau (Washoe) Valley in 1855.

A sawmill became an important enterprise in furnishing timber to the Comstock mines after 1859. The Dall Mill, a quartz mill of sixty stamps, employed hundreds of workers. Fertile farms surrounded the town.

With the completion of the railroad from Carson City to Virginia City in 1869, the milling business rapidly lost its importance and the once prosperous town declined.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Glendale School (1864-1958)

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Sparks, Nevada.
Glendale, as a settlement, preceded Reno and was destined to be the metropolis on the Truckee River until the Central Pacific Railroad was induced to bypass the community for a station at Lake's Crossing (Reno).

E. C. Sessions, the first teacher, organized the school and taught in his home until this building was constructed in 1864. Archie Bryant built the structure at a cost of $1,446 and it remains as a testament of his craftsmanship. The original Board of Trustees consisted of John F. Stone, William Steele and N. C. Haslund.

Over the years a great many Nevadans were educated at the Glendale School. Perhaps the most notable student was U. S. Senator Patrick A. McCarran.

The school building was relocated from its original site to this location in 1976.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Galena

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Montrêux Golf and Country Club, Nevada.
Galena had a dual personality. It was developed in 1860 as a mining property by R. S. and Andrew Hatch. The Hatch brothers' quartz mill and smelter were among the earliest erected on this side of the Sierras. The gold float from the local mines contained a heavy admixture of lead sulphide, "galena," which caused the mining operations to be non-paying, but the mills continued to operate, processing ores from the Comstock mines. The severe winter of 1864-65 interrupted freighting to Virginia City, and the ensuing mining depression forced the Galena mills to close.

The town also developed into an important lumbering center. Eleven sawmills were operating by 1863, and Galena boasted stores, lodging houses, a justice court, a school which doubled as a community hall, saloons, and dozens of homes. After two disastrous fires in 1865 and 1867, Galena was abandoned.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Placer County Hospital

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Auburn, California.
This building first constructed in 1852, opened on September 22, 1855 as the first Placer County Hospital. In 1890 the building was badly damaged by fire. At the time, the upstairs was the residence and gallery of photographer J.M. Jacobs and the dental offices of Dr. J.C. Hawver, also a spelunker and photographer, who with W.W. Banbrock, another photographer in Jacobs' gallery, produced many of the early photos and postcards of Auburn and Placer County. Placer County Hospital, which by then accepted private patients, was reestablished where the Auburn Town Center now stands and operated through 1974. J.M. Jacobs rebuilt, and the Jacobs family owned the building until 1957, and Placer County owned it until 2004, when it was purchased by the Old Town Auburn Preservation Society. The building is still listed o the National Register as the Jacobs House, and has a new life as the Gold Country Medical History Museum.

(Notable Buildings • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rowell Ranch

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near Castro Valley, California.
Once a hiding and trading place in the 1850's for the notorious bandit Joaquin Murrieta, known in California as "El Famoso," this canyon has produced many rodeos dating back to the rancho days circa 1820.
Harry Rowell, originally from England, held his first rodeo in 1921 and purchased this land in 1925. Quickly he became known as the "Rodeo King of the West." The Rowell Ranch Rodeo Assn. celebrates the 75th annual rodeo in 1995.
In 1978, the Hayward Area Recreation and Park District acquired the land from Maggie Rowell which has allowed for continuation of a variety of exciting rodeo.

(Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

War Memorial

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Lockport, Illinois.

Erected in honor of all citizens of Lockport community who served in the Armed Forces in World War II and in memory of those listed below who lost their lives while in the service of our country

Harold Adamson • Hugh Allison • Russell Ayers • John Baxter • Arnold Bertelson • Melvin Boe • John Bosnak • James Brennan • Anthony Capitino • Elwood Dale • Scottie Dunham • Nolan Etchison • David Faut • Stephen Fracaro • Michael Galajdik • Frank Graning • James Henderson • Bernard Homerding • Edward Horvat • Alvin Hurley • Fred Johnson • Ivan Johnson • Louis Kelm • John Kirkham • Nicholas Kozak • John Krpan • Edward Landon • Garnet Leffers • Joseph Link • Donald Markstrom • Andrew Materna • Howard Mathison • John Melanovich • Paul Newton • Joe Panian • Robert Pierce • Arthur Pius • Robert Popovich • Joseph Radich • Sator Sanchez • Albert Sartori • Victor Schade • Earl Smithpeters • William Sovich • Frank Spiecker • John Stefanek • Melvin Strong • Joseph Tusek • Jack Underwood • Adam Vanchina • Robert Whalen • Robert Ziesemer
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Erected in honor of all citizens of Lockport community who served in the Armed Forces in the Korean War, and those, listed below, who lost their lives while in the service of their country

Korea
John Hartong • Arthur A. Mikula
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Erected in honor of all citizens of Lockport community who served in the Armed Forces in Viet Nam and to all Viet Nam MIAs. Listed below are those who lost their lives while in the service of their country in Viet Nam

John Steven Ambrosini • William Joseph Brencich • William Eugene Carroll • Steve Lee Inboden • Glen Alan Jackson • Gary Steven Johnson • Leo J. Miller • Robert Lee Mitchell • Charles Lloyd Morrison • Paul Henry Stein, Jr. • Frank Jay Strand • Chatwin Arnold Strother • Albert Lee Vicich
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Iraq War
Travis Patriquin

(War, World II • War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, 2nd Iraq) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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