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Funeral Home

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Walnut Creek, California.
This building at the corner of Locust and Cypress (originally School ad China Streets) was a private home until 1949, when it was converted to a funeral home and morgue. The building has been in commercial use since that time. A circular stained glass window on the upper side of the building denotes the visitation room.

(Industry & Commerce • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Walnut Creek Methodist Church

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Walnut Creek, California.
The town's first house of worship, the Methodist Church, originally stood behind this site on Main Street. By the early 1900s, Main was a bustling commercial street, so the church was moved here. In the 1950s, the congregation built a new church on Sunnyvale Avenue in the northwest part of Walnut Creek.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Masonic Temple

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Walnut Creek, California.
Walnut Creek Masonic Lodge - founded around 1873 - built its Masonic Temple in 1916. Previously, the group met on Main Street. The building was expanded in 1953. It closed as a Temple in 1984 and was remodeled for commercial use.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Walnut Creek Presbyterian Church

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Walnut Creek, California.
Local Presbyterians first held their Sunday services in the schoolhouse, then built their first church at this site in 1884. They replaced their wooden church with a stone structure in the 1930s, then moved to a new location a few blocks away in the 1950s.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Church of Christ, Scientist

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Walnut Creek, California.
Local Christian Scientists first organized in Walnut Creek in 1913, meeting each Sunday at the Masonic Temple. Church members built their own church on Locust Street in 1924 and building a larger church on the same site in 1949. The church moved to Eckley Lane in 1968.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

World War II Memorial

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Emerson, Iowa.

This memorial is dedicated to
the Veterans of World War II

Roll of Honor
[Killed or Died in Service]
Harry Dodson • Arthur Frazier
Robert Leu • Clair Mayberry

[Others not transcribed]

(War, World II • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Memorial

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near Emerson, Iowa.

In
Memory
Of Our
Country's
Defenders

(War, US Civil • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Church Platform

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, El Salvador.

La iglesia de la Trinidad era la que funcionaba dentro de la villa de San Salvador y en 1539 ó 1540 se llevó a cabo el primer matrimonio religioso documentado en el territorio. Este fue entre Francisco Castellón y Catalina Gutiérrez, mujer mestiza, hija del artillero Diego de Usagre y una mujer Mixteca (grupo indígena étnico proveniente de México) conocida como Magdalena. Francisco Castellón y Catalina Gutiérrez tuvieron cinco hijos: Lucas, Marcos, Juan, Leonor y Francisca Castellón y Gutiérrez.

Las relaciones sociales, incluyendo a la unión biológica entre indígenas y españoles contribuyeron al proceso de mestizaje en la villa de San Salvador.

Pie de dibujo:
Trabajos de restauración y consolidación de la fachada principal de la plataforma de la iglesia, localizada al frente de la plaza principal.

English:
The Trinity Church was operating within the town of San Salvador and in 1539 or 1540, the first religious marriage was documented in the territory. This was between Francisco Castellón and Catalina Gutiérrez, a mestizo woman, daughter of Diego de Usagre (artillery man) and a Mixtec woman (ethnic group from Mexico) known as Magdalena. Catalina Gutiérrez and Francisco Castellón had five children: Lucas, Marcos, Juan, Leonor and Francisca Castellón y Gutiérrez.

Social relations, including the biological union between natives and Spanish contributed to the process of acculturation in San Salvador.

Caption:
Restoration and consolidation works on the main facade of the church platform, located in front of the central square.

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era • Man-Made Features • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dole House

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Walnut Creek, California.
The Italianate house across the street was originally built as a ranch home for Lawrence Peel and his wife, Margretta. Peel operated a mercantile store on Main Street in the 1860s. The home had many owners over the years and was built by Eldridge Dole, a local architect.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial Building

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Walnut Creek, California.
Walnut Creek's Veterans Memorial Building was both a meeting place for local veterans and other groups and a popular site for weekend dances. The building also doubled as a County courthouse. Local veterans now have a new building in Lafayette.

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Structure 4E1 or Cabildo

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, El Salvador.

Esto se identificó, debido al método constructivo, ubicación, planta arquitectónica y materiales culturales encontrados durante las excavaciones. Esta estructura era donde los españoles ejercían el poder cívico-administrativo. La estructura está construida sobre y en medio de roca madre de tipo andesita, utilizando además para su edificación, teja, baldosas y un piso de tierra compactada con baldosas de barro cocido. El Cabildo posee una forma rectangular con una dimensión de 6.5 m norte-sur, 28.5 este-oeste y 1.3 m. de altura.

Ubicado al Noroeste de la Plaza Mayor, la estructura conocida como 4E1 ha sido identificada como el edificio donde antiguamente funcionaba el Cabildo de la antigua Villa de San Salvador.

Pie de dibujos: Proceso de restauración y consolidación efectuado en la escalinata que sirvió de acceso principal al Cabildo.

Fachada principal del Cabildo.

English:
It was possible to identify it because of its location, methods of construction, floor plan and cultural materials that were found during excavations. This building was the place where civil and administrative power was practiced by the Spanish. The structure is built on and in the middle of andesite rock that was also used for its construction. Building materials were: floor and roof tiles, bricks, cobble stone and dirt. This structure has a rectangular shape with dimensions of 6.5 m. North-South, 28.5 east-West and 1.3 m. in height.

Located northwest of the Plaza Mayor, the structure designated as 4E1 was the Town Hall of the city of San Salvador.

Captions: The restoration and consolidation process completed on the stairsteps that were the main entrance of the Town Hall.

The main facade of the Town Hall.

(Colonial Era • Man-Made Features • Politics) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hyde Park

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near Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Hyde Park was a small farming community just west of here, founded in 1847 by Mormon pioneers. It was named for Orson Hyde, an Apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints who took up residence here when he returned that spring from a Church mission in England.

During the summer of 1847, while Brigham Young and other Church officials were leading the advance pioneer company to the Great Salt Lake Valley, Hyde remained to preside over members in the Missouri Valley. He enclosed 50 acres with a split-rail fence and planted 30 acres. He wrote, "The land fairly groans under the burthen of corn and other products of my own labor."

When most of the other Apostles returned from Utah, the presiding Quorum of the Twelve resumed its regular meetings. In one, held here at Hyde's home on 5 December 1847, the Quorum voted to call Brigham Young as President of the Church.

Brigham Young had directed Church affairs after the death of Joseph Smith in 1844. The Quorum also ratified Brother Brigham's choice of Apostles Heber C. Kimball and Willard Richards to be his counselors in the First Presidency.

In another meeting here the next day, they decided to build a large log tabernacle in Kanesville (now Council Bluffs) immediately and a temple in Salt Lake City in the future. Just three weeks later, on 27 December 1847, the First Presidency was sustained by a conference of the general membership held in the new tabernacle.

Hyde Park retained its prominence for five years. As wagons moved west, Orson Hyde continued to preside over the Church in Iowa and to publish The Frontier Guardian newspaper. He and a majority of the Saints still in the area finally moved to Utah in 1852. There was a further exodus in 1853, and few Mormons were left.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Batte Island

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Upper Sandusky, Ohio.
Battle Island
About one mile east, on
June 7-8, 1872, Crawford's
expedition was annihilated
by the Indians and its
commander captured.
Also the site of a famous
Indian Gantlet Ground.

(Native Americans • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Whitegate Farm

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Alamo, California.
Since 1856
Built by
Charles and Nathaniel Howard
Owner
Ray L. Donahue

(Agriculture) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of the J.M. Jones House

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Alamo, California.
John M. & Mary Ann Smith Jones, lived at this location from 1851 - 1866. They came out west in a prairie schooner. Here John opened the only post office between Martinez and Mission San Jose on May 18, 1852. Mary Ann was his deputy while her husband traveled on horseback as the county assessor.

(Settlements & Settlers • Communications) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Colonel William H. Kinsman

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Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Teacher in the public schools
of Council Bluffs,
Lieutenant and Captain Co. B.
4th Iowa Infantry,
Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel
23rd Iowa Infantry.

[Dedicated] May 17, 1902
——————————
By mid-May, 1863, the Union Forces of Major General Ulysses S. Grant had captured Jackson, Mississippi and wheeled west to attack and encircle Vicksburg. In the vanguard of the Federal assault was the Twenty-Third Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment commanded by Colonel William H. Kinsman of Council Bluffs.

On the morning of May 16, 1863, the Twenty-Third led the charge against the Confederate troops defending the Black River, the last natural barrier protecting the South's remaining vital city on the Mississippi River. Kinsman was fatally wounded as he led the Iowans into a volley of Confederate fire; he died the following morning and was buried at the battle site.

In the late 1800's, veterans of Kinsman's command, with the encouragement and help of General Grenville M. Dodge, recovered and returned the colonel's remains to Council Bluffs. On May 17, 1902, the monument celebrating the colonel's life, military career and devotion to the Union was dedicated. General Dodge presided at the ceremony.
——————————
A Project of the Bluffs Arts Council,
Council Bluffs, Iowa, November 11, 1997

Funded by a gift in memory
of James A. Fox, 102nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment,
of Peder Pederson, 46th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment,
of Charles Jordan, 17th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and
of William Robinson, of the Ship's Company, U.S.S. Thomas A. Benton, an ironclad of the Mississippi River Flotilla.

The Union Forever

(War, US Civil • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Man-Made Features • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hanna Furnace

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Buffalo, New York.

Established in the early 1900s and productive until its closing in 1982; Hanna Furnace was Buffalo's lucrative pig iron manufacturer employing 800 and producing over 3,000 tons of pig iron per day.

The term "pig iron" arose from the old method of casting blast furnace iron into moulds arranged in sand beds such that they could be fed from a commin runner. The group of moulds resembled a litter of sucking pigs, the ingots being called "pigs" and the runner the "sow." Source http://www.pigiron.org.uk

The area before you was once packed with hundreds of proud workers in Buffalo's booming steel industry, an integral part of Western New York's industrial development. The city's many assets, including a strategic geographic location and strong labor force, positioned it as a major contributor to the economic growth of America. This growth would propel Buffalo's population to the 8th highest in the United States in 1910.

Geographically, Buffalo has no rivals. Access to the Great Lakes provided an unprecedented groundwork for marine-based commerce. The combination of marine, rail, and highway access created a unique transportation hub ideal for the production, storage, and movement of goods. A cluster of companies would soon form along Lake Erie including Bethlehem Steel, the largest steel manufacturer in the U.S. from the 1930s until the 1970s.

Bathlehem Steel spurred the creation of many related industries including The Hanna Furnace Corporation, specializing in the process of steel production. Occupying nearly 70 acres of this site, Hanna Furnace stored an annual supply of 650,000 tons of iron ore, 150,000 tons of limestone, 350,000 tons of coke, employed 800 workers and produced 63,000 tons of pig iron per month at the peak of production during WWII.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Natural History and Heritage

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Buckeye, West Virginia.
Indigo Bunting
(Passerina cyanea) lndigo Buntings have no blue pigment; they are actually black, but the diffraction of light through the structure of the feathers makes them appear blue. These attractive birds are also found in rural roadside thickets and along the right-of-way of railroads, where woodlands meet open areas. They are beneficial to farmers and fruit growers, consuming many insect pests and weed seeds.
• Length: 4.5 inches
• Small, conical bill

White-tailed Deer
(Odocoileus virginianus) The White-tailed Deer grazes on green plants, including aquatic ones in the summer; eats acorns, beechnuts, and other nuts and corn in the fall; and in winter browses on woody vegetation, including the twigs and buds of viburnum, birch, maple, and many conifers. The four-part stomach allows the deer to feed on items that most other mammals cannot eat.

A young doe bred for the first time usually produces one fawn, but thereafter has twins and occasionally triplets if food is abundant. The female remains near the fawns, returning to feed them only once or twice a day.

Periodical Cicada
(Magicicada septendecim) The immature cicadas, called nymphs, do not feed on the twig where they hatch but drop to the ground and burrow to the root system below the tree. Once attached they stay on the root for 13 or 17 years until the next emergence.

Cicadas are not poisonous and do not have a stinger. Communities and farms with large numbers of cicadas emerging from the ground often are beset with a substantial noise problem. Half of the population are males "singing" or calling for the females. The annoyance from the singing is tempered by the fact that the periodical cicadas are only out for 4-6 weeks once every 17 years, but they can occur more frequently where broods overlap.

Red Columbine
(Aquilegia formosa) Flower May-August. Habitat Open woods, on banks, near seeps. The species name formosa, Latin for "beautiful," aptly describes this large plant, especially when it has hundreds of lovely flowers nodding over it.

Buckeye
Buckeye was one of the original stations on the Greenbrier Line. From 1914 to 1917 The American Column and Lumber Company operated a mill on the east side of the river near the station bridge. The first post office in the community, then Buckeye Cove, Virginia, was established prior to the Civil War. Sometime in the 1880's the Rush Run School was opened. lt was renamed Buckeye School in 1933. Community children filed through its doors until 1960. Traveling south on U.S. Rt. 219 one passes through Mill Point where the McNeel gristmill now stands idle. lt was near this area that James E.A. Gibbs invented the chain-stitch sewing machine, which was certainly a time saver enjoyed by the young ladies in this photograph. The Buckeye flag stop shelter pictured here served as a waiting shelter and freight room.

Louise McNeill Pease
1911 – 1993

One of the most noted poets of our time, Louise McNeill, was born in Buckeye on the farm that has been in her family for nine generations. "Until I was sixteen years old, until the roads came, the farm was about all l knew.” In 1927 she penned her first poem and in 1939 published her first book “Gauley Mountain.” Stephen Vincent Benet wrote in his introduction, “Miss McNeill has taken a part of the American scene that most of us know little about and made both its past and its present come alive. There is a new poet in the land!” Her rooted poems documented the effects of the change from a farm to an industrial economy on the West Virginia mountain people.

”Winding through the passes
Where the dying chestnut trees reach their shriveled arms —
Thorn-crossed and time-lost, through the tangled grasses —
All the little country roads,
Searching for the farms. . .”
from THE ROADS

Louise McNeill Pease was named Poet Laureate of West Virginia in 1979 and in 1985 was honored as West Virginian of the Year. She died in 1993.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Arts, Letters, Music • Animals) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Railroads and the Steel Industry

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Buffalo, New York.
The steel industry that developed around the Union Ship Canal and Lake Erie was heavily dependent upon rail transportation for their operations. While bulk shipments of iron ore arrived by ship, coal and other raw materials arrived by rail, and the finished steel products were shipped throughout the country via the numerous connecting rail lines.

Extensive internal rail systems were also developed inside the plants to move raw materials and products between storage and production areas. Both the Lackawanna Iron & Steel Company (later called Bethlehem Steel) and the Hanna Furnace Corporation had their own railroads. In addition, Lackawanna Iron & Steel had a smaller, narrow guage railroad to move ingots and structural pieces.

Rail lines from over two dozen railroads radiated from Buffalo on all directions. Passing immediately east behind the Union Ship Canal and the steel plant were the mainlines of the New York Central, Pennsylvania, Nickel Plate, Lehigh Valley, Buffalo & Susquehanna and Erie Railroads. Additional rail connections were made via the South Buffalo Railway with the Lackawanna Railroad, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, and the Buffalo Creek Railroad. By the turn of the century, Buffalo was the hub of a massive intermodal transportation center and the second largest rail center in North America. Railroad companies owner over 80 percent of land along Buffalo's waterfront, and many established their own boat fleets in order to provide seamless transport to the west.

Engineer Jerry Schenk with his brakeman along the Hanna Furnace loading track, 1956.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Golden Spike Monument

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Council Bluffs, Iowa.

Fixed by Abraham Lincoln,
President of the United States.

Dedicated April 28th 1939.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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