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Battle of Tlatelolco

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

El 13 de agosto de 1521
heroicamente defendido por Cuauhtemoc
cayo Tlatelolco en poder de Hernan Cortes
No fue triunfo ni derrota
Fue el doloroso nacimiento del pueblo mestizo
que es el Mexico de hoy

English translation:
On August 13, 1521
although heroically defended by Cuauhtémoc
Tlatelolco was overtaken by Hernán Cortés
It was not a triumph or a defeat
But rather was the painful birth
of today´s Mexico

(Wars, Non-US) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bluffton-Lanett, Alabama

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Alabama, Chambers County, Lanett

Side 1
Known as Bluffton from about 1835-1893. Bluffton was incorporated in 1865. Name changed to Lanett, town of Lanett incorporated 1893. Its charter was approved in 1895. Early records mention academies, two near this site. The Presbyterian Church was organized in 1837 at the home of Thomas S. Reese. Bluffton tanyard produced leather for the Confederacy. Lanett Cotton Mills incorporated 1892, Lanett Bleachery & Dye Works incorporated 1895, Subsidiaries, later Divisions of West Point Manufacturing Company. Lanett's early mayors were George Newton Croft, Sr., E. B. Reid, and James D. Norman.

Side 2
Forrest "Fob" James, who was elected Governor of the State of Alabama on November 7, 1978, was born in Lanett and resided here through young manhood, receiving his early education in this city's public school system.
In October 1798 Benjamin Hawkins journeyed through present Chambers County near the Chattahoochee. His path led across the present city of Lanett. Hawkins’ journal is a record of the first known journey through this area.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers • Political Subdivisions) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Remembering Billy Boone

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California, Del Norte County, Crescent City
The monument you are looking at is dedicated to Billy Boone. But who was Billy Boone? Former newspaper publisher Wally Griffin, remembers him as a "promoter" of Del Norte County, but most people who remember him recall that he was instrumental in insuring that two things would continue in Crescent City forever: the 4th of July parade and the spectacular fireworks display. In addition, Boone started the original open pit barbecue that continues to this day.

According to the Crescent City American, a newspaper in Crescent City in the 1950s, Billy Boone raised funds and organized the parade and he himself built many prize winning floats. It is said that he participated in twenty eight 4th of July celebrations and was chairman of many of the Independence Day events.

Billy Boone came to Del Norte County in 1930 and opened an office called "William Boone Insurance and Real Estate." He was a Commander of the American Legion Post 175. He was a Charter member of the Crescent City Elks Club, a member of the VFW and a veteran of World War 1.

Billy Boone died in 1957. In 1968 this Billy Boone Memorial Monument was dedicated in his memory. So tip your hat to Billy Boone. He is one of the reasons we are fortunate to have such a great local Independence Day Celebration in Crescent City.

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dedication to Henry Sause, Jr.

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California, Del Norte County, Crescent City
1.76 Acres of this parkland have been donated by the family of Henry Sause, Jr. Who, with his brothers, Curt and Paul, pioneered the transportation of forest products by tug and barge. From 1949 to 1962, Sause Bros. Ocean Towing Company moved in excess of 500 million board feet of lumber over their dock which was located at the foot of "B" Street.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Baptist Church of Whitehouse

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Texas, Smith County, Whitehouse
Anglo settlement of this area began in the 1840s. The community of Whitehouse, which grew up around a white painted schoolhouse, began in the early 1850s.

A church congregation, called New Hope Church of Christ, Baptist, was organized in September 1869 by Elders J. A. Kindle and W. G. Caperton and about twenty-five charter members. Early worship services were held once a month.

In 1887 a plot of land was purchased by New Hope Baptist Church and a one-room sanctuary, nestled in a pine grove, was built by the congregation.

After the railroad came through Whitehouse in the 1870s and a central business district began to grow, the church was relocated to the new townsite. A white frame building was erected in 1901, and the name was changed to Whitehouse Baptist Church.

In 1923 the church was relocated once again, to a site on East Main Street. At that time it was also renamed First Baptist Church. A new church facility was erected in 1959, and continued growth led to the construction of the present sanctuary in 1980. A part of Smith County history for more than a century, the First Baptist Church continues to serve its members and the community.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Reign of Cuauhtemoctzin

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

I Auhnican Motlatocatlali Quauh
te moctzin Ilacatauhtli Xocoyotl y pa motlac tu coatl
y pa acica Castilteca eniyenoch Xituitl tlatocat ynican
Zlanlulco y Pan Slocbiah Yayotl Ynican tlatelolco
Anales de Tlatelolco

Traduccion del Dr. Angel Ma. Garibay
Se instalo a gobernar
Cuauhtemoctzin el mas joven y
ultimo de los reyes el X-Caña
(1515)
Cuando llegaron los de Castilla
ya tenia cuatro años de reinar
aqui en Tlatelolco

Arq. Mario Pani
Arq. Ricardo de Robina
Director General de la obra Plaza de Las Tres Culturas
Zona Arqueologica Iglesia de Santiago
Colegio de La Cruz y Tecpan de Tlatelolco

Mapa no muy legible del sitio arqueológico

English translation:
Nahuat text
Annals of Tlatelolco

Translation by Dr. Angel Maria Garibay
Cuauhtemoctzin, the youngest and last of the kings of X-Cane
was installed as ruler here
(1515)
When the Spanish arrived, he had ruled here for four years in Tlatelolco.

Architect Mario Pani
Architect Ricardo de Robina
Director General Director of the works of the Plaza de Las Tres Culturas
Archeological Area of the Santiago Church
College of La Cruz and Tecpan of Tlatelolco

Barely legible map of the archaeological site

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Horsa Glider

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France, Basse-Normandie, Manche Département, Ranville

318 planeurs HORSA ont atterri dans la région au cours des operations de la 6e Division Aéroportée Britannique. Il's transportaient des hommes (30 maximum) ou du matériel (jeep et sa remarque, canon de 25 livres, motos, bicyclettes,....).

De ces planeurs, il n'en reste aucun. Ils ont été suit détruites par les Britanniques pour laisser place a d'autres atterrissages, soit "récupéreres" par la population locale, qui se procurait ainsi du bois de chauffage ou du contreplaqué.

En 2002 le Comité du Débarquement a décidé de financer la construction d'une réplique grandeur nature du planeur Horsa. Une équipe d'enthousiastes bénévoles français a été chargée de réaliser le projet qui a pu être mené a son terme grâce 'à l'aide précieuse des musées de Middle Wallop et d'Aldershot qui ont permis l'examen de pièces originales de planeur, et de la firm De Havilland qui a fourni les plans d'epoque.

Les matériaux et les techniques de fabrication sont exactement les memes qui ceux utilisés en 1944. Notez les "bandes d'Invasion" noires et blanches qui caractèrisaient tous les aéronefs alliés. Elles étaient peintes bativement au balai avant le 6 juin, ce qui explique leurs dessins irréguliers, mais authentiques.

Les immatriculations figurant sur cette réplique sont celles du premier planeur qui s'est posé près du pont Pegasus Bridge le 5 juin à 23 h 16.


318 Horsa gliders landed on the area during operations with the 6th British Airborne Division. The gliders transported men (30 maximum) and material (jeep and trailer, 25 pounder gun, motorbikes, bicycles)

No Horsa glider remains intact. They were destroyed by the British or “liberated” by the local population, for fire wood or for construction materials.

In 2002 le Comite du Débarquement decided to finance the construction of a full-size Horsa glider.

A group of French aeronautical enthusiasts were commissioned to build a copy. Help was given by museums at Middle Wallup and Aldunhat enabling us to examine authentic pieces of glider. The De Havilland association supplied the wartime glider plans. The material and techniques of construction were those used during 1944.

Note the black and white “invasion bands” which characterized D-Day Allied Aircraft. They were usually painted with a flour brush just before 6th June which explains their irregular but authentic patterns.

The registration number on this replica is that of 1st glider to have landed next to Pegasus Bridge at 23h16 on 5 June 1944.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Les Braves-To Those Brave Men

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France, Basse-Normandie, Manche Département, Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer
I created this sculpture to honour the courage of these men: sons, husbands and fathers, who endangered and often sacrificed their lives in the hope of freeing the french people.

“Les Braves” consists of three elements:
The Wings of Hope - So that the spirit which carried these men on June 6, 1944 continues to inspire us, reminding us that together it is always possible to change the future.
Rise Freedom! - So that the example of those who rose against barbarity, helps us remain standing strong against all forms of inhumanity.
Wings of Fraternity - So that this surge of brotherhood always reminds us of our responsibility towards others as well as ourselves. On June 6th , 1944 these men were more than soldiers, they were our brothers.

Sculpteur: Anilore Banon

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bill W. and Dr. Bob

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District of Columbia, Washington
United in their search for sobriety, Dr. Bob and Bill W. established Alcoholics Anonymous in 1935. This fellowship allows men and women to share with one another their experience, strength and hope in order to carry the message of recovery to alcoholics seeking help.

“It was only a matter of being willing to believe in a power greater than myself. Nothing more was required for me to make my beginning.” — Bill W.

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Booker T. Washington 1856 - 1915

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District of Columbia, Washington
As an influential African-American, living in a time of escalating segregation, Booker T. Washington negotiated a course between accommodation and progress in advocating greater civil rights for blacks. His philosophy of “request” not “protest” allowed him to gain the respect of presidents and politicians, but sometimes alienated those of his own race. Washington believed education was a cornerstone for the advancement of blacks and his efforts to raise money for his beloved Tuskegee Institute helped secure its well-deserved reputation as a leading educational institution for African Americans.

“My life is the promotion of my race.”

(Civil Rights • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hidewood Creek

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South Dakota, Deuel County, near Clear Lake
Due east of these rest areas, the valley land looks much as it did before the pioneers came to this country. This area is part of the drainage of Hidewood Creek, located one-and one-half miles south of here. Hidewood's name comes from the prairie past of this territory. Following the War of the Outbreak (also called the Great Sioux Uprising) in Minnesota in 1862, many Sioux fled into this area, where they took refuge in clumps of timber along this creek. Thus, the name Hidewood.

This area contains many of the threads that were woven into the settlement of Dakota Territory. These rest areas are in Deuel County, which was created in 1862 by the first Territorial Legislature. In 1872 one of the first railroads penetrated into Dakota Territory at present-day Gary, 20 miles northeast of here, prior to settlement of much of this region. In pioneer days the status of a county seat was a clear distinction for a community, and many bitter wrangles preceded final selection. Clear Lake contested with Gary until 1890, when Clear Lake was finally successful in gaining the coveted status. For such winners, there were also losers; Castlewood, 12 miles west of here in Hamlin County, was the County seat from 1884 to 1914, when it lost that honor to Hayti. Religion was important to many settlers, as evidenced by the site of the Tabor Evangelical Church, about two miles northeast of here. The church was founded in 1888, and was in use until 1959. Many of the graves in the nearby cemetery are those of pioneers of this area.

There is no singular historic distinction to this particular rest area site, other than that it is a part of the stage for greater happenings, a witness to the tides of history.

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Remember Omaha

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France, Basse-Normandie, Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer

Left side of marker:

Remember Omaha
They climbed aboard with anxious heart,
The madly sea-tossed landing-craft,
The Sea-fog on that sad morn,
All but shrouded the pale dawn,
As it heav’n itself dared not see
the hounds of hell that day set free.

Remember Omaha
They disembarked under hail of shot,
Spewing up all-one knew not what -
Facing those cliffs, with gunfire ablaze,
Waves bore broken bodies along
The length of that encrimsoned strand,
Where Death was given so free a hand.

Remember Omaha
They were no heroes
Though all were heroic
In that eventful day,
When mankind put all at stake.
It’s an understatement to say
That our liberty was dearly bought
At the time of that first onslaught.

Remember Omaha
The foam is red.
All is now still, save for the breeze
That carries back, across the seas
The souls of America’s sons,
Whilst the sun, now and then, warms
Those twenty-year olds who sleep today
Facing the sea in Normandy.

Jean

Right side of the marker:

Vaisseau de fer
Si noble si fier
Dan la Lumière
De Saint Laurent sur Mer

Sculpture Sublime
Hommage ultime
Sur le rivage
Aux héros d'un autre âge

Vaisseau de fer
Defiant les temps
Dans nos mémoires
Aux ailes, de la Fraternité
et de l'Espoir déployées,
Portées de le Souffle de l'Histoire
Debout la Liberté!

An iron ship, so noble, so free,
without the shadow of a cloud
over Saint Laurent-on-Sea.

A sculpture sublime
on the sea-shore
to past heroes:
a homage in our time.

A ship of iron,
time-defying in our thoughts
on each side, Hope and Fraternity,
and, central, Liberty dearly bought.
In the whole, a breath of history
murmurs. “Hold fast our Liberty”.

Jean

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Major R. J. Howard

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France, Basse-Normandie, Manche Département, Ranville

C'est ici meme que le 6 juin 1944 a 0 heure 16 a atterri le planeur Horsa de commandant R.J. Howard, de l'Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire light infantry, commandant l'operation destinee a assurer le prise du pont. Se trouvaient a bord avec lui les pilotes sergents - chef Wallwork et Ainsworth le Lieutenant H.D. Brotheridge et 28 soldats.

The Horsa Glider of Major R. J. Howard, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry who commanded the operation to capture the bridge, landed on this spot together with Lieutenant H. D. Brotheridge and 28 soldiers at 0016 hours on 6 June 1944. The pilots were staff sergeants Wallwork and Ainsworth.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

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France, Basse-Normandie, Manche Département, Colleville-sur-Mer
The eyes of the world are upon you... I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty, and skill in battle.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Church of Santiago

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

La primera iglesia dedicada al Apóstol Santiago fue edificada en Tlatelolco inmediatamente después de la conquista militar. Algunos españoles afirmaron que durante las batallas, al aparición del Santo Santiago fue determinante para alcanzar la victoria.
Después de dos primeras construcciones, el edificio actual del Templo de Santiago fue inaugurado por Fray Juan de Torquemada en 1610. Como resultado de la guerra de Reforma, el templo de Santiago sufrió enormes saqueos. Posteriormente, en el Porfiriato, se convirtió en almacén de explosivos de los Ferrocarriles Nacionales. En 1948 fue rehabilitado como templo católico y puesto en funciones bajo la orden de sus fundadores, los franciscanos.
El templo, en forma de cruz, tiene una clara reminiscencia medieval europea. Su portada oeste está dividida en tres segmentos, siendo el tercero donde estaba el receptáculo del Santo Patrono.
La fachada norte ostenta símbolos indígenas novohispanos, en la parte baja, aparece flanqueando cada lado del acceso, un receptáculo para santos, con molduras a manera de columnas que soportan el segundo segmento. El él aparece la escultura de Santiago. En los extremos, existen floreros que tienen la particularidad de tener escarificaciones.
El frontón de forma triangular ostenta en su parte baja, sobre la imagen del santo, una serie de ortas con escarificaciones, que son el símbolo de Tlatelolco, “El montículo de arena” colocado de manera inversa. Dentro del frontón aparece un escudo ovalado que contiene los estigmas de San Francisco y por detrás de él, aparece flechas y macanas indígenas. Finalmente, ocupando el vértice superior, aparece un águila sujetando el escudo que sin duda, se trata del emblema del señorío México-Tlatelolco.

English:
The first church dedicated to the Apostle Santiago was the one built at Tlatelolco immediately after the military conquest. Some Spaniards affirmed that during the battles, the appearance of San Santiago (St. James) was decisive in winning the victory.
After the first two constructions, the current Church of Santiago was inaugurated by Friar Juan de Torquemada in 1610. As a result of the Reform war, there was a tremendous amount of looting at the church. Later, during the regime of Porfirio Díaz, it was converted into a warehouse for explosives for the National Railroad company. In 1948, it was rehabilitated as a Catholic Church and functioned under the religious order of its founders, the Franciscans.
The Church, with its layout in the form of a cross, is clearly reminiscent of medieval Europe. The western entrance is divided into three segments, the third holding the receptacle of the patron saint.
The northern facade bears indigenous symbols wrought in New Spain. On the lower part, on each side of the entrance, there is a receptacle for saints, with column moldings supporting the second segment. The sculpture of Santiago appears in this segment. On each end, there are vases distinguished by scarifications.
On the lower part of the triangular pediment over the image of the saint, there is a series of orles with scarifications, which are symbolic of Tlatelolco, the inverse “mound of sand”. Inside the pediment there is an oval shaped shield containing the stigmata of San Francisco (St. Francis) with indigenous arrows and clubs behind it. On the upper vertex is an eagle with the shield, most certainly the emblem of the city-state of Mexico-Tlatelolco.

(Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features • Wars, Non-US • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Women in the Army: U.S. Army Nurse Corps

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco

We march along with faith undaunted /
Beside our gallant fighting men /
whenever they are sick or wounded
We nurse them back to health again
As long as healing hands are wanted
You'll find the nurses of the Corps

-- Anthem of the Army Nurse Corps

The U.S. Army Nurse Corps was established in 1901. Nurses were the first women in the Army. The U.S. Army General Hospital at the Presidio was the first Army hospital to employ them. By 1902, 41 nurses along with 11 military and civilian surgeons and 180 men of the Hospital Corps provided care at Letterman Hospital.

In 1915 and 1916, two large buildings were built beyond this stone wall to house the Nurse Corps. In 1918, Letterman Hospital hosted the first Army School of Nursing. Army nurses received military commission in the Regular Army starting in 1947. Men were admitted to the Nurse Corps in 1956.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Santiago Church

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico

La iglesia de Santiago Tlatelolco, fue la tercera edificación del mismo templo, y fue inaugurado por Fray Juan de Torquemada en 1609. Vista desde las alturas, su forma es de cruz, tal y como se acostumbraba desde la época medieval. Su fachada principal está hacia el poniente.
La iglesia perduró en funciones hasta las guerras de Reforma del siglo XIX, cuando fue saqueada y sus monumentales retablos fueron desmantelados. Hoy podemos apreciar el fragmento central donde aparece Santiago Apóstol, un enorme mural de San Cristóbal, una pila bautismal y las esculturas de barro estucado y policromo que decoran las pechinas que soportan la cúpula principal, lo que en conjunto forman las reminiscencias del templo católico que se inauguró en 1545.
Destaca la decoración de la portada norte de la iglesia, donde por encima del arco, aparece el santo patrono de la orden religiosa: San Francisco, en un nicho y por encima de éste, aparece un águila indígena que sujeta con sus garras un escudo mexica flanqueado por flechas y macana. Y en la parte triangular, hacia abajo, aparecen orlas con incisiones que nos recuerdan el símbolo prehispánico de Tlatelolco, aun cuando está dispuesto de forma invertida, siendo por tanto, elementos que reflejan el sincretismo del señorío de indígenas encabezado por Cuauhtémoc en los albores novohispanos.

Pie de dibjuo: Imágenes satelitales

English
The Santiago Tlatelolco Church was the third construction of said temple and was inaugurated by Friar Juan de Torquemada in 1609. Viewed from the top, it has a cross shape, as had been the custom since the Medieval Ages. Its main façade faces westward.
The church persisted until the Reformation wars of the nineteenth century, when it was looted and its gigantic altarpieces were dismantled. Today we are able to see the central piece where Santiago Apostol appears, a huge mural of Saint Christopher, the baptismal bath and the stuccoed clay and polychrome sculptures that adorn the pendentives that support the principal dome, which collectively hearken the Catholic temple that was inaugurated in 1545.
The decoration on the northern façade of the church stands out, where on top of the arch the patron saint of the religious order, Saint Francis, appears in a niche, and on top of him, we see an indigenous eagle that holds in its talons a Mexica shield flanked by arrows and a club. In the triangular part toward the bottom, there are borders with incisions that remind us of the Prehispanic symbol of Tlatelolco, even when it is shown upside down, which are elements that reflect the harmony of indigenous kingdoms headed by Cuauhtémoc in the early novohispanic period.

Caption: Satellite images

(Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features • Wars, Non-US • Anthropology) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cuitlahuac

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Mexico, Distrito Federal, Ciudad de Mexico


Cuitlahuac

(Patriots & Patriotism • Wars, Non-US) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cuthbert Building

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Oregon, Jackson County, Medford
The Cuthbert Building, constructed in 1910, was built by the Big Bend Milling Company. Franklin Cuthbert's furniture originally occupied the building. The building has housed a series of department stores. In 1920, the Golden Rule Mercantile Co., a popular Southern Oregon retail company, bought the building. In 1927, J.C. Penney bought the property and, 1947, leased it, remaining there until the early 1960's.

Former owner Fred Phelps initiated the renovation in 2002. J. R. Development, LLC, purchased the property in 2004 and restored the west elevation to approximate the original building design. Awnings and tile-covered columns were the finishing touches to the transformation. The building reflects the influence of the Chicago School style of architecture.

For the historically sensitive renovation of a significant asset to the downtown historic district, the Medford Historic Commission awards this plaque to owner J.R. Development, LLC.


(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Michigan's German Settlers

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Michigan, Saginaw County, Frankenmuth
Fifteen German immigrants from Franconia, Bavaria, led by the Rev. August Craemer, founded Frankenmuth in 1845. They were advised to settle here by the Rev. Frederick Schmid, Lutheran pastor of Ann Arbor's German colony, founded in the 1820's. Other German agricultural villages were founded in the Saginaw Valley in the 1840's and 50's. Here, as in many other areas of Michigan, German settlers have contributed greatly to the state's cultural heritage.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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