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Three Desperate Charges

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Tennessee, Henderson County, Parkers Crossroads
The Confederates pressed forward, taking possession of the high ground abandoned by the Union troops, Forrest advancing his battle line into small arms range. The Confederate artillerists manhandled their guns forward, resuming their punishing fire at a range of less than 200 yards.

Dunham's men charged the guns under a hail of canister and grape. Part of the Federal line advanced to within 60 paces of the Confederate guns before it was turned back by the intense barrage of fire. Colonel Dunham again ordered his line to charge the batteries to his front and right.

During this charge, Confederate Colonel Alonzo Napier, on the Huntingdon-Lexington Road, mounted a counter attack on the 39th Iowa on the Union left. Napier and some of his men reached the split-rail fence. There, while standing atop the fence, Napier was mortally wounded and the Union enjoyed a short-lived advantage.

Meanwhile, Forrest began to deploy his troops so as to encircle the Union position. These preparations drew men from the Confederate battle line facing south, leaving only one regiment, Dibrell's 8th Tennessee. Dunham seized the opportunity offered by the weakened line and ordered an attack on Dibrell's position but the men, assaulted by a crossfire of canister and shrapnel, were driven back behind the split-rail fence. It was then that Forrest executed a classic military maneuver, a double-envelopment, attacking the Union front, rear, and flanks simultaneously.

During the first Union charge Colonel John Rinaker, commander of the 122nd Illinois, was severely wounded: "I was struck just below the right knee severing an artery, and soon so reducing me that I was unable to take any active part in the fray."Photo at left: Colonel John I. Rinaker
James Drish saw his commanding officer fall: "I was near him when he was struck, and helped him behind a tree and tied handkerchiefs around his leg and stopped the blood … it didn't take me two minutes but he fainted from lack of blood before I finished." Drish's quick thinking saved Rinaker's life.Photo at right: Lieutenant Colonel James F. Drish — Courtesy of the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

War Memorial

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Oklahoma, Atoka County, Atoka


In memory of all veterans
of all wars of the
United States of America
especially to those veterans
who paid the supreme sacrifice
for the freedom that you enjoy.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cornerstone from [Atoka] County Courthouse

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Oklahoma, Atoka County, Atoka


Ira Stephenson
R. E. Long • F. C. Johnson
Commissioners
- 1913 -

[Masonic Symbol]
J. S. Murrow, P.C.M.
C. L. reeder, C.M.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

45th Infantry Division Memorial Highway

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Oklahoma, Atoka County, Atoka


By Concurrent Senate and House Resolution No. 93 adopted April 20, 1988 by the Oklahoma State Legislature and which was approved by the Oklahoma Transportation Commission on May 2, 1988, Oklahoma Highway 3 between Ada and Broken Bow, Oklahoma was designated the 45th Infantry Division Memorial Highway in recognition of the division's gallant and distinguished service in World War II and the Korean Conflict and to specially honor those Thunderbirds who gave their lives in such service.

On July 23, 1988 at 12:00 Noon the 45th Infantry Division Memorial Highway was officially dedicated at this spot and this plaque erected as lasting evidence of such dedication and the grateful appreciation of the People of the State of Oklahoma.

July 23, 1988

(Patriots & Patriotism • Roads & Vehicles • War, Korean • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vietnam War Memorial

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Oklahoma, Atoka County, Atoka


In honor of the men and women
that served their country
in Vietnam and to those that
made the supreme sacrifice,
we dedicate this memorial
in their behalf

Dean Armstrong • Larry Culverson • Sam Daily
John C. Deaton • Forbes P. Durant, Jr.
Danny L. Evans • Bennie Lewis • Virgel McBride
James C. Shields • Bobby D. Swindell

For Freedom Sake

They will rise on wings like eagles
Isaiah 40:31

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Captain Atoka

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Oklahoma, Atoka County, Atoka


Born about 1792
Died during Civil War
Signed Treaty of
Dancing Rabbit Creek
in 1830.
Led Band of Choctaws to this area,
settling near Crystal in 1834.
Capt. Atoka was a noted
athlete, Choctaw subchief
and respected leader.
Atoka County and City
were named in his honor.

(Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Walker Building

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California, Los Angeles County, Long Beach
Originally Marti's Department Store, later Walker's Department Store, located in the heart of the city's retail district. Meyer and Holler were prominent Los Angeles architects, famous for many landmark buildings.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Manatee Burying Ground

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Florida, Manatee County, Bradenton

Marker Front:
This is one of the oldest organized burying grounds on the Gulf Coast of Florida. The property was deeded on May 30, 1850, and since 1892 only immediate members of families already interred here can be buried in the cemetery. The property is now owned by the City of Bradenton.

Marker Reverse:
Buried in this cemetery are members of Florida pioneer families, soldiers of the Seminole Indian Wars, and of the Confederate and Union forces. Numbered among them are three members of the Florida Secession Convention-Ezekiel Glazier, James G. Cooper, and Dr. John C. Pelot, temporary Chairman of the Convention-and Brig. Gen. John Riggin, aide to General Ulysses S. Grant.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Joaquin Miller

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Indiana, Fulton County, near Rochester
Cincinnatus Heiner "Joaquin" Miller, who gained fame in Oregon as America's "Poet of the Sierras", lived from 1848-52 in Newcastle township of Fulton County. His family's home and the rude schoolhouse where he attended classes taught by his father, Hulings, were located one mile north and one-tenth mile east of here. Miller is best known for his poem "Columbus". Many of his works recall his boyhood in Fulton County. He died in 1913.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

New Paris World War II Memorial

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Indiana, Elkhart County, New Paris


★ World War II ★

In Memoriam

Baringer, Philip H. • Frederick, Clifford • Miller, Harold • Reed, Melvin, Jr. • Stiver, William J. • Weaver, Glen C.

★ ★ ★

Aschliman, Walter • Baringer, Joseph W. • Beard, Dale E. • Beer, Eldon • Beer, Lawrence • Bender, Carl • Bollinger, Dean R. • Brady, Victor • Bushong, Nelson L. • Calbeck, Merle • Clem, David C. • Cobb, Charles W. • Collins, Donnabelle • Collins, Lenora • Conrad, Dean • Cripe, Mentzer • Dallman, Chester • De Boer, Benjamin, Jr. • Elliott, Robert • Emmert, Paul • Everest, Bruce H. • Everest, George E. • Feaster, Donald • Feaster, Virgil, Jr. • Frye, Edward • Frye, Elias J. • Frye, Freeman • Frye, Ira • Ganger, Dale • Gonderman, Irvin • Haab, Harley • Haab, Roy • Hall, Robert • Harley, Donald • Hollar, HOrace • Hollar, Robert L. • Hollar, William • Hoshaw, Lloyd • Huitema, Lucille A. • Huitema, David • Huitema, John • Huitema, Robert • Iffert, Charles • Iffert, Jesse • Immel, Lewis S. • Juday, Farrell • Juday, William • Kaser, Dwight • Kirkdorfer, John • Korenstra, Nick G. • Kurtz, Donald • Kurtz, Kaleel • Lantz, Robert • Leatherman, Ralph • Leedy, Stanley • Mauzy, Merritt C. • Method, Floyd • Method, Frank, Jr. • Miller, Rex W. • Miller, Russell • Miller, Sylvanus • Reynolds, Charles • Reynolds, Mary • Rieth, Betty Jean • Neff, Charles H. • Neff, Clyde J. • Neff, William • Robinson, Noble L. • Rock, Donald • Rock, Eugene • Rock, Herschel E. • Rock, Kenneth G. • Rowdibaugh, Alonzo • Russell, Maynard • Saylor, Richard • Schroeder, Richard • Schroeder, Stanley • Sherman, Dale J. • Smoker, Stanford • Stabler, Raymond • Staples, Kenneth D. • Steinmetz, Max L. • Stiver, Jewell • Stiver, Robert J. • Stump, Herbert A. • Stump, Louis E. • Stump, Richard E. • Stump, Russell L. • Swart, Maxwell • Taylor, David S. • Thompson, Raymond • Umbaugh, John R. • Vorhis, Emory • Wagner, Francis • Wagner, Robert • Wasson, Robert G. • Weaver, Eugene • Weaver, Harold • Weaver, Kenneth • Weaver, Wayne • Weldy, Andrew • Whnitehead, Dean • Whitehead, Wayne • Whitehead, Wendell • Wineland, Charles • Wolfe, David S. • Yeater, Lawrence E. • Yeater, Harold P. • Yoder, Charles W. • Yoder, Max • Yoder, Wayne • Zellinger, Eldon W.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tuskegee Airmen Memorial

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Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, Sewickley
In honor of the Tuskegee Airmen of Western Pennsylvania who served to preserve our freedom

(African Americans • Air & Space • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

69 Jefferson

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


Businesses in this west section of the building have included a hardware store with a tin shop in the back, a second hand store, several pharmacies, and an optical shop.

The upstairs has houses law offices.

1999 Sesquicentennial Project

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

71 Jefferson

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


This middle section of the building has been occupied by a bakery, drug stores, a pool hall, a dry cleaner, an engineering firm, and restaurants, including the Black and White Restaurant and the China Cafe.

In earlier years, the second floor was used as an apartment. It has a skylight in the roof which helped provide natural light to the middle of the building in the years before there was electricity. [M]any of the buildings around the square originally had skylights, [E]lectric lights were first turned on in November, 1889 on Winterset's town square.

1999 Sesquicentennial Project

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

73 Jefferson

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


In 1864 this was the site of Irish immigrant Andrew Crawford's wood-frame grocery store.

This building was erected with one main facade for three stores. Notice the matching second-story windows.

Some of the businesses housed in the east end of this building have been several groceries, (including a Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company, the familiar A & P), a furniture store, a paint store, a tire store, an attorney's office, clothing stores, and the chamber of commerce.

The second floor has been used as an abstract office as well as attorneys' offices. This building once had an outside stairway on the east side. Originally, most buildings on the alleys and at the ends of the blocks around Winterset's square, had outside stairways leading to the second levels.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Settler's Homesite

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Florida, Manatee County, Bradenton

Marker Front:
Located a few yards from this spot near the banks of the Manatee River is the site of the log home of Josiah Gates. Gates was the first Anglo-American settler in the entire Manatee area which at that time extended southward to the Caloosahatchee River and eastward to the Kissimmee River. After the Second Seminole War, the Armed Occupation Act of August 4, 1842, opened Central Florida to American settlers. Gates, a native of South Carolina, moved his family here from Fort Brook (Tampa) early in 1843.

Marker Reverse:
In 1851, Josiah Gates replaced his first dwelling with a twenty room, three story frame home located a few yards further back from the river on this same site. The "Gates House" served newly arrived settlers and visitors as a hotel in the wilderness. Josiah Gates became a prosperous farmer as well as a successful innkeeper. He was also active in local government after Manatee County was created in 1855. He died in 1871. Neither of the two structures built by Josiah Gates is still standing.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

101 East Jefferson

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


The Winterset Savings Bank was established in 1902 and moved into this building in 1914. Sam C. Smith's law office was also in this building, and he served as the bank president for a period dating from 1926.

This building served as City Hall from the 1940s to 2003. The police station was also located here. There was a barber shop in the basement as well as the "comfort station." This area featured an attended restroom and lounge with chairs for weary shoppers.

In 1938 the General Insurance Agency was in business here and ran an ad offering loans of "$50 and up" for furniture, livestock, and other personal property." By the 1950s other professionals had taken space in the building, including lawyers Charles VanWerden and Gordan Darling. In 1980 the Winterset Chamber of Commerce and the Covered Bridge Festival Committee moved to new offices from the second floor of this building.

The investment and accounting firm, Shahan Walsh, has occupied this building since 2003.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

106 East Jefferson

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


Prior to the construction of this brick building Kerr and Boyd operated a grocery store here. They advertised "Staple and Fancy Groceries" as early as 1874. When Mr. Boyd retired, and Kerr's son joined him, the letter "d" in Boyd was painted over and the sign then read "Kerr and Boy."

In 1875, Kerr and Son sold to Miller Brothers. The building continued to serve as a grocery store. Everett Clark began working for owners McAndrew and Eldridge in 1896, and became sole owner of the store in 1920. Around 1925 John N. Hartley moved his law offices to the upper floor.

This building later housed the Farmers Market. Their 1938 advertisement offered "3 pounds of popcorn for 19 cents." This grocery store remained here for several years, followed by a meat market, Townsend Seed, and El Dorado, a teen center started by a local teacher in the mid-1950s. Later, other businesses including a beauty salon, and The Shopper occupied the first floor.

The current owner, S. James Smith, of McGowen, Hurst, Clark, & Smith P.C., a CPA firm, moved here in 1988.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Christmas Tree Farms

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Virginia, Grayson County, Whitetop
The national demand for commercial Christmas trees has brought a new look to the highest mountains of Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina. Billion of dollars worth of Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) plantations produce regular crops of Christmas trees sold to retailers in dozen states. Fraser fir (named for Scottish explorer John Fraser) is the only fir tree native to the southeastern United States. It grows up to 50 feet in height in its native high Appalachian communities of spruce and fir.

(Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Manatee Courthouse / Manatee Methodist Church

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Florida, Manatee County, Bradenton

Marker Front:
Manatee County was created by legislative action signed January 9, 1855, from Hillsborough, St. Lucie, and Monroe Counties. Five years later, in 1860, Josiah Gates and Mary, his wife, deeded to Manatee County a parcel of land located here to be the county seat and a courthouse built thereon. The building was completed the same year at a cost of $700 and served as a courthouse and school until 1866 when the county seat was moved to Pine Level.

Marker Reverse:
Oldest church of any denomination south of Tampa on Florida's west coast. Lot located here was sold to John W. Curry, Ezekiel Clazier and James G. Cooper in 1866 for the Manatee Methodist Church. It is believed that the church ownership of this represents the longest private ownership of land in Manatee County.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mitchell Dam

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Alabama, Chilton County, near Verbena
Named by the Board of Directors
of
Alabama Power Company
to honor
James Mitchell
President 1912-1920
Major modifications to this project were completed
in 1985. Three new generating units with a total
capacity of 150,000 kilowatts were installed in a
new powerhouse on the west bank. In addition, the
three additional units installed in 1923 with a total
capacity of 52,500 kilowatts were removed from
service. Unit 4 with a capacity of 20,000 kilowatts
that was installed in 1949 was retained in service.
These improvements resulting in an increased
capacity at Mitchell Dam from 72,500 kilowatts
to 170,000 kilowatts were part of a comprehensive
plan by Alabama Power Company to complete the
hydraulic electric generating developments of the
Coosa River.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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