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The Anna Maria Pier

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Florida, Manatee County, Anna Maria
Built in 1911, the Anna Maria City Pier welcomed visitors and residents to the island city arriving by steamship. The 776-foot-long pier accommodated paddle wheelers such as the Favorite and the Mistletoe prior to the construction of the first bridge from the mainland in 1922. The pier was commissioned by the Anna Maria Beach Company and was the brainchild of “Will” Bean, whose father homesteaded a large tract of land in 1893, and Charles Roser. Roser is credited by some with having developed the recipe (or baking process) for the famous Fig Newton cookie which he sold c. 1898 to the National Biscuit Company, now Nabisco. Bean and Roser built Anna Maria’s first church and bathhouse in 1913 on the Gulf of Mexico, along with cottages for their families and others. In a building barged down from Parrish, the city’s early promoters handed out flashy brochures of a young lady wearing a short dress, high heels, pearls, and holding a fishing pole reading “Anna Maria Beach, Florida’s Famous Year-round Resort.” Some of the island city’s first buildings survive today on Pine Avenue, a heritage area made possible by the construction of the Anna Maria City Pier over 100 years ago.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Major Adams Cemetery

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Florida, Bradenton, Bradenton
This plot was donated by Major Alden Joseph Adams to the village of Manatee in 1892 "to be used as a burying ground forever." It was first called New Cemetery. Members of pioneer families, including Major Adams, are interred here. The property is now owned by the City of Bradenton. Major Adams moved into this area in 1876, and his homesite was on the Manatee River a few blocks northeast of here.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Evergreen Park Cottage Sanatorium

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Wisconsin, Douglas County, Lake Nebagamon
Here, in 1903, Dr. W.B. Hopkins, Cumberland, opened the first tuberculosis sanatorium in Wisconsin. He built an office and three one-story frame buildings with screen sides – the men’s ward, the women’s ward and a dining hall.

Hopkins treated tuberculosis cases here in summer. He wrote of the “pure air, day and night” and a program of close medical attention, good food and restrained exercise to keep the patient “cheerful and hopeful, temperate in all things.”

Weekly rates were $15, or a patient could build a little cabin on the grounds and get medical treatment for $10 monthly. Physicians volunteered their services, among them, Dr. F.G. Johnson, Lake Nebagamon.

Operating losses caused the sanatorium to be abandoned in 1905. It was a brave effort that stimulated inquiry into the treatment of tuberculosis in Wisconsin.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Coles Bashford House

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Wisconsin, Winnebago County, Oshkosh
This house was once the home of Coles Bashford who served from 1856 to 1858 as the first Republican Governor of Wisconsin.

It was built in 1855, a year after the Republican Party came into being as an avowed opponent to the further extension of slavery in the territories of the United States.

After 1875, the house was no longer in Bashford’s possession.

In 1911, it became the property of Trustees authorized by the will of Elizabeth Batchelder Davis to provide and maintain perpetually a home for children needing shelter and care.

Now known as the Elizabeth Batchelder Davis Childrens’ Home, the residence remains dedicated to its beneficent mission. Erected in 1976 as a Bicentennial Project of the Winnebago County Historical and Archeological Society

(Charity & Public Work • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Fairfield

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Ontario, The Municipality of Chatham-Kent, near Thamesville
The Moravians or "Bohemian Brethren" were a protestant sect that originated in the 1400s in Moravia and Bohemia, the present day Czech Republic. They faced persecution in their homeland and in 1722 many moved to Saxony (now part of Germany) where they were given security and land on the estate of Nikolaus Ludwig Von Zinzendorf. There they built a community called Hernhut and subsequently sent missionaries to North America where they established settlements in Pennsylvania (Bethlehem and Nazareth) and North Carolina (Winston Salem).

They began missionary work among the Lenni Lenape First Nation (Delaware) and organized villages based on Christianity and European lifestyle. Following the American Revolution, the pacifist Moravians once again faced persecution, leading them, and their followers, to Detroit where they sought refuge with the British Government. There, Lieutenant Governor Simcoe granted the Moravians a large tract of land along the Thames River east of present day Thamesville, Ontario.

By 1792, the village of Fairfield had been established under the direction of Brother David Zeisberger. For over 20 years, the community had a fairly consistent population of between 150 and 200 inhabitants, 60 modest log homes, a church, a school, barns, and workshops. By 1813, the inhabitants had also developed several hundred acres of farmland. The village was a unique amalgamation of eastern European tradition and architecture combined with Native Delaware culture.

(Churches, Etc. • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Manila American Cemetery and Memorial

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Philippines, Metro Manila, Taguig

Manila American Cemetery, the largest of 24 cemeteries built and administered by the American Battle Monuments Commission, both in area and number of graves. 16,636 military dead of the United States of America from World War II rest here, alongside 570 Philippine Nationals who were serving with US Forces in the southwest Pacific. Most of those buried here lost their lives in the epic defense of the Philippines and the East Indies in 1941 and 1942 or in the long but victorious return of the American forces through the vast island chain. Additionally, names of 32,520 Americans and 3,762 Philippine Nationals whose remains were never recovered or not identified are inscribed on the Walls of the Missing. A bronze rosette marks the names of those were subsequently found. 3,660 headstones mark the graves of 7,744 “unknowns”.

The construction and care of this 152-acre cemetery and memorial are the responsibility of the American Battle Monuments Commission, an agency of the United States government. The people of the Republic of the Philippines granted use of the land in perpetuity.

After World War I, the American Battle Monuments Commission erected a memorial in each of the eight American cemeteries in Europe, as well as eleven battlefield monuments.

At the end of World War II, fourteen additional military cemeteries were established overseas. Each contains a memorial with a record in permanent graphic form of the achievements of the U.S. Armed Forces in that region.

The graves in these World War I and World War II cemeteries number approximately 39 percent of those originally buried. The remains of the other 61 percent were returned home at the request of the next of kin. A white marble headstone marks each grave, a Star of David for those of the Jewish faith, and a Latin cross for all others. At each of the memorials are inscribed the names of the missing who gave their lives in that region.

The American Battle Monuments Commission also operates two cemeteries in Latin America, the final resting place of Americans killed in the War of 1847 and those who contributed to the construction and operation of the Panama Canal.

An American Superintendent manages each cemetery. English-speaking personnel are available during opening hours to offer information and assistance.

Battle Monuments Commission Cemeteries, WWI:

Cemetery: - Location - Burials - “Missing”
Aisne-Marne - Belleau - 2,289 - 1,060 (02)France Brookwood - Brookwood, - 563 - 468 England Flanders Field - Waregem, - 368 - 43 Belgium Meuse-Argonne - Romagne - 14,246 - 954 sous - Oise-Aisne - Montfaucon - 6,012 241(55),France -Nesles(02) France Saint-Mihiel-Thiaucourt (54), France 4,153 284 Somme Bony (02), France 1,844 333 Suresnes Near Paris (092), France 1,541 974 Battle Monuments Commission Cemeteries, World War II

Cemetery - Location - Burials - “Missing”
Ardennes Neuville-en-Condroz, Belgium 5,328 462 Brittany Saint-James (50), France 4,410 498 Cambridge Coton, Cambridge-shire, England 3,812 5,127 Epinal Epinal (88), France 5,255 424 Florence Florence, Italy 4,202 1,409 Henri-Chapelle Henri-Chapelle, Belgium 7,992 450 Lorraine Saint-Avold (57), France 10,489 444 Luxembourg Luxembourg 5,076 371
Battle Monuments Commission Cemeteries - World War II, cont. – (“Manila, plus”) Manila Manila, Republic of the Philippines 17,206 36,282 Netherlands Margraten, The Netherlands 8,301 1,722 NormandyColleville-sur-Mer(14), France 9,387 1,557 North Africa Carthage, Tunisia 2,841 3,724 Rhone Draguignan (83), France 861 293 Sicily-Rome Nettuno, Italy 7,861 3,095 cont.– (“OTHER”, +) P1070297 Cemetery Location Burials “Missing” “OTHER” 10489 444 Mexico Mexico City, Mexico 1563 0 Panama Corozal Republic of Panama 5,104 0 http://www.abmc.gov/publications/CemeteryBooklets/Manila_Booklet.pdf 14.544045,121.048597

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, Mexican-American • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Site of El Dorado Hotel

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New York, Niagara County, Youngstown
Famous 50 room hotel for lodging and entertainment. Built by F. Steele 1891.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Passage Key

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Florida, Manatee County, Anna Maria

Marker Front:
Less than a mile to the north lies Passage Key, marking the southerly entrance into Tampa Bay. Since Ponce de Leon explored this coast in 1513, this island has served to guide ships into the great bay beyond, called by early Spanish explorers “Bahia del Espiritu Santo.” After being named “Isla de San Francisco y Leon” by the Spanish in 1757, and renamed “Burnaby Island" by the English in 1765, it was later called “Pollux Key,” corresponding with the name “Castor Key” given to nearby Egmont Key. The island finally became known as "Cayo del Paseje” in 1783, during the second Spanish occupation. This is the origin of today's name - Passage Key. Formerly much larger than it is today, the island contained a fresh water lake surrounded by large trees.

Marker Reverse:
During the early 1830's Passage Key was the site of a fishing “rancho” operated by Baltimore sea captain, William Bunce. The island was later a haven for refugees seeking safety from marauding Indian war parties. The fresh water lake, probably spring fed, was a watering station for coastal voyagers. In 1836, the U.S. Schooner Grampus and Revenue Cutters Washington and Jefferson anchored close ashore while their guns and shore parties protected settlers from the Indians. Passage Key was designated a migratory bird refuge by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905. The island thereafter served for a time as the home of Captain Asa N. Pillsbury, Jr., a National Audubon Society warden, who in 1910 reported 102 species of birds sighted on the island. Captain Pillsbury remained warden of the island until 1921 when, during the night of October 25-26, the island disappeared under a hurricane-spawned tidal wave. Since then the island has gradually re-emerged and is once again a sea bird sanctuary, having been declared a part of the National Wilderness Preservation System by the U.S. Department of Interior.

(Colonial Era • Exploration • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

51 Jefferson Street

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


In the Civil War days, the county jail stood here. It was a two story log cabin and was entered on the second floor, by an exterior stairway. Two banks occupied the first floor of the current building; Citizens National Bank, and later First National Bank. It has also served as the Farm Bureau, law offices, a women's clothing store, beauty shop, and a bookstore. A barber shop operated out of the basement for many years.

An abstract office, law offices and apartments have been on the second floor. After the rear section of the building was added, it was home to the Selective Service, a justice of the peace, veterinary offices, various doctors' offices, a beauty shop, a bakery, and a barber shop.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

53 Jefferson Street

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


Grocery stores operated here in the late 1800's. By 1907, a bakery with an oven in the basement had been added, as well as a jewelry store. It later became a hardware store with a tin shop in the rear. A pool hall, a farm and auto parts store, and a laundromat have occupied the premises.

From 1953 to present (2006) it has served as a law office.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

55 Jefferson Street

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


This lot, including the land west to the corner, was purchased for $22 dollars in 1849. From the mid-1880's until the early 1900's, O.D. Ames, then Joeckel Bros. Clothing stores were located in this building. Later, the John Catterlin Harness & Saddle Shop, then the E.E. Douglas Harness Shop occupied the premises. Nelson's Apparel, a women's clothing store, then a beauty parlor preceded Ritter Insurance which opened in this building in 1949.

For many years, the rear half of the building opened into the hardware store and later, the fabric shop that operated out of the building to the east.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

57 Jefferson Street

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


In its early days, this building housed businesses selling jewelry, stationery and then drugs. A Gambels Store conducted business here from the 1930's until 1971 when Alexander Fabrics acquired the building and operated until 1996. It has also housed an antique shop, a bridal store and a dance studio.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

59 Jefferson Street

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


Drugs and Jewelry were sold from the wood frame building that originally stood here. The current building housed a succession of shoe stores for more than 100 years. Proprietors were Aikens, Allen, Stevens, and Hendricks.

In the early 1900's, Dr. Jessie V. Smith, physician and surgeon, had her offices on the second floor. She was the physician present at the birth of Marion Morrison, later known as Hollywood actor, John Wayne.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

61 Jefferson Street

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Iowa, Madison County, Winterset


Eli Cox, builder of several local covered bridges, had the contract to build this structure. During the construction, gas pipes were incorporated in anticipation of soon having a source for lighting. The Opera House was originally on the second floor of this building and the buildings immediately east and west of this one. There were platforms and seating for 450-500 people. The City Hall was upstairs behind the Opera House.

From 1876 until the present (2006), the main floor of this building has been a restaurant. According to local legend, during Prohibition in the 1920's, one could purchase a pint of alcohol and receive it in a cigar box. Alcohol was also available in a cup of coffee. In 1994, several scenes from the movie "The Bridges of Madison County" were filmed at the Northside Cafe.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

“Bean's Point” / Early Legend

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Florida, Manatee County, Anna Maria

Marker Front:
In May 1894, Anna Maria Island's first modern-day pioneer -- George Emerson Bean -- took up a homestead, signed by President Wm. McKinley, that embraced the island's entire north point. Other daring settlers, such as Samuel C. Cobb and John R. Jones, came shortly after, clearing the island's dense jungle to build homes. In 1913, George W. Bean, son of Anna Maria's first pioneer, founded the Anna Maria Development Company. This opened the island to its expansion as a uniquely appealing summer and winter resort for visitors as well as year round home for an increasing number of residents form almost every state of the union..

Marker Reverse:
Earliest known dwellers of Anna Maria Island were Indians of the Timucuan Tribe, whose burial mounds, filled with tribal artifacts, were found years later. According to tradition, Ponce de Leon in 1513 visited this key (then joined to what is now Longboat Key) and in honor of his sponsor King Charles II, gave the island his queen's name. In 1539, Hernando DeSoto is said to have made his first new world landing near here. Replenishing his ships' water casks, the explorer then passed around Anna Maria's north point and sailed to the Manatee River, launching his historic expedition to the Mississippi River.

(Exploration • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lexington-Huntingdon Road

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Tennessee, Henderson County, Parkers Crossroads

The Historic Road

In front of you is the original roadbed of the Lexington-Huntingdon Road. This road, which figured so prominently in the Battle of Parker's Crossroads, connected the county seats of Henderson and Carroll counties, respectively. Before the railroad, this road was the primary transportation route. With the coming of the railroad, however, roads became secondary commercial routes. Stage companies no longer maintained the roads they formerly traveled. Men, whose tax burden included one day each month of road repair and maintenance, neglected their duties. Roads fell into disrepair.

By the time of the Civil War, traveling roads in any rural area was unpleasant at best. Dusty and rutted during dry weather, they became almost impassable when wet and muddy. Snow, sleet, and rain marked the two weeks before the Battle of Parker's Crossroads. A caisson with ammunition weighed over 3,800 pounds, a loaded battery wagon about 1,290 pounds. A 12-pounder gun and limber with ammunition and implements weighed a whopping 3,875 pounds. Teams pulling these heavy military vehicles over a road churned to mud by cavalry and infantry would have found it slow going, indeed.

Demise of the Old Road

In the late 1920s, the Tennessee Highway Department began making plans to relocate the road. William R. Britt, the great-grandson of Dr. John Parker, wrote to the newspaper protesting the relocation because of the road's connection to the Battle of Parker's Crossroads. "Let us all insist the road cross at its old crossing at this historic battle field" he implored.

In spite of Mr. Britt's plea, the road was relocated and straightened in 1931. The new road, now SR 22, passed about 150 feet west of the original crossroads. It is fortunate that the road was relocated. If it had not been, the old roadbed and an important part of the battlefield would have been destroyed.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Arizona Confederate Veterans

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Arizona, Maricopa County, Phoenix
Arizona Confederate
Veterans
1861 1865

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Enfilading the Line

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Tennessee, Henderson County, Parkers Crossroads

enfilade — the firing of a gun or guns so as to sweep the length of a target, such as a column of troops

Confederate Artillery Position

On the rise where you now stand a portion of the Confederate battery was positioned. From this vantage point, the gunner was able to fire straight down the Union line behind the split-rail fence. The effect of the guns from this distance, only 600 feet from the east end of the Union line, was absolutely terrible.

An Incessant Storm of Shell Shot

Most, if not all, of the projectiles being fired were canister – large iron balls packed into tinned iron cylinder. When fired from the cannon, the cylinder disintegrated and the balls fanned out, much like a huge shotgun blast. The balls, travelling at incredible rates of speed, destroyed whatever they encountered. Trees and fence rails splintered. Soldiers' limbs were shattered and mutilated. Some men were killed outright.

The rebs had all their guns posted on a hill or chain of hills bearing down our line and twas almost impossible for a man to stand up and not be hit by all the most incessant storm of shell shot & other tricks that brass 12 & 6 pounders are in the habit of chawing up & spitting out when vile men with malice aforethought will pull out their tails …

While we lay at the fence firing at the batterys (sic) a shell came thru the fence and burst directly under the legs of Geo' Finch … Finch was not more than 5 feet from me when he was killed … a shell burst right before & nearly severed both legs of Samuel Peters, he died soon after …
— L.B. Corbin, 122nd Illinois, in letter to his parents dated January 4th, 1863

Forrest Makes His Move

At the same time that the right flank of the Union line was being shelled from this position, other Confederate guns were firing on the Union left flank. Yet more guns were shelling the Union position from the front. It was under cover of this fierce cannon fire that Forrest deployed his dismounted cavalry behind the Union line.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alfred Bearden

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Tennessee, Lincoln County, near Taft
Born 1811 in South Carolina, a farmer, Renowned Gunsmith and a Past Master of Andrew Jackson Lodge #68 F & AM. Grandson of Revolutionary War Veteran John Bearden, Sr. Married in 1831 to Margaret Downing, buried at this site with four of their eleven children, two who served in the 8th Tennessee Infantry Reg't during the War Between the States, including his son, Captain N. M. Bearden who died due to wounds received at the Battle of Stones River on Dec. 31, 1862.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • War, US Civil • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Duke Street Tanyard

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Virginia, Alexandria
Peter Wise, a city councilman and tanner, established the Duke Street Tanyard in 1797. The Business was situated near the stone bridge on the east bank of Hooff's Run by West End Village. The tannery's ownership and name changed many times; Quakers operated the large tannery from 1812 until it was destroyed by fire in 1853.

West End, Alexandria's first suburb, was a processing center for cattle, which were brought here for slaughter and butchering. The hides were then taken to the tannery to be processed into leather by soaking them in solutions of lime, tree bark, and animal dung. The tanned hides were curried by oiling, scrapping, and pounding and then made into saddles, harness and boots.

"The Tannery was located in what was once called Spring Gardens Farm just "beyond the [town's] Corporation limits and... of course, exempt from taxation" along a major commercial artery, Little River Turnpike." — Alexandria Gazette, 1844.

Archaeological excavations were conducted here in 2000, prior to construction. It was discovered that the remains of the tanyard were destroyed during the 20th century. Most of the original soil had been removed, and later, fill soils were brought in to level the property. However, in the area where a brick house once stood, archaeologists discovered artifacts dating to the nineteenth century — small reminders of the families of the tanners that once lived on this site.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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