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Defining the Boundry of the Great Divide

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Alberta, Lake Louise
Prior to 1913 the Alberta-British Columbia boundary was defined by the divide or watershed of the Rocky Mountains. The discovery of valuable coal deposits and the availability of marketable timber and the incursion of railroads and roads required a more precise demarcation.

In 1913 provincial and federal Orders-in-Council approved a boundary survey between the provinces of Alberta and British Columbia and the appointment of Commissioners. In June of that year Edward Deville, Surveyor General of Canada, issued instructions to the three Boundary Commissioners to survey the boundary.

La ligne de faite de Rocheuses ou la ligne de partage des eaux constituait la limite entre l’Alberta et la Colombie-Britannique avant 1913. La découverte de précieux gisements de houille, la présence de bois de charpente de valeur marchande et le percement des routes en des voies ferroviaires réclamaient une délimitation plus poussée.

En 1913, l’arpentage de cette limite et la nomination de Commissaires furent autorises par décrets émanant du gouvernement fédéral et des deux provinces. En juin de la même année, l’Arpenteur général du Canada, M. Édouard Deville émiettait les instructions aux trois Commissaires de Frontière à cet effet.


Kicking Horse Pass was selected as the first pass to be surveyed due to its easy access by rail. The map on the left is a copy of the mapsheet of the Kicking Horse Pass area prepared by the Boundary Commissioners.

The Boundary Monument at this location is a larger copy of the original Monument 1A placed on the Alberta-British Columbia boundary in 1913.

Il fut convenu que la première passe à arpenter serait Kicking Horse Pass en raison de sa facilité d’accès par voie ferrée. La carte apparaissant a la gauche est une copie du feuillet de la région prépare par les Commissaires.

La borne qui s’y trouve aujourd’hui est une réplique agrandie de la borne originale 1A marquant la limite en 1913.


J. N. Wallace, Dominion Land Surveyor, represented the government of Canada. He was to visit each pass surveyed to enable him to satisfy himself as to the correctness of the work.

A. O. Wheeler, British Columbia Land Surveyor, was the Boundary Commissioner for British Columbia. He was in charge of the topographic part of the survey and the establishment of monuments on the peaks adjacent to the passes.

R. W. Cautley, Alberta Land Surveyor, was the Boundary Commissioner for Alberta. He was in charge of the survey party required to take levels, make preliminary survey of the boundary in the various passes and erect permanent boundary markers.

J. N. Wallace, D.L.S. représentait le gouvernement du Canada. Il devait inspecter chaque passé dument arpentée pour s’assurer de la rectitude du travail.

Le Commissaire de la Frontière pour la Colombie-Britannique était A. O. Wheeler, B.C.L.S. Il dirigeait les opérations de topographie et la pose des bornes sur les sommets des montagnes voisines des passes.

Le Commissaire de la Frontière pour l’Alberta était R. W. Cautley A.L.S. Il dirigeait les équipes d’arpentage commises au nivellement, a la reconnaissance des limites en rapport avec les passes et à la pose des bornes définitives.


(Natural Features • Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Tennessee Meiji Gakuin High School 1989-2007

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Tennessee, Monroe County, Sweetwater
This monument commemorates Tennessee Meiji Gakuin High School (TMG) which existed here. The school was founded on the Christian principle of service to mankind, with the motto: "Do for others". During its 18 years, TMG graduated 677 students. These students, the teachers and the staff were part of this community. The Japanese Sakura symbolizes this community's friendship along with the Tennessee Iris - a further symbol of the bridges built between Japan and Tennessee. Thank you, Sweetwater. We will never forget you!

(Education • Peace) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Erected in Memory of New Bethel Baptist Church

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Tennessee, Oak Ridge

Opened 1851 - Closed 1942

Church building Stood 47 feet in front of this stone In Memory of our Dead

And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes, and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain, for the former things are passed away. Rev. 21:4

Church Officers

Board of Deacons
J.F. Diggs, Chairman
B.H. McGill
J.B. Gamble
Elbert Walker
W. M. Thacker
S.N. Lettrell

Trustees
S.O. Diggs
C.R. Magill
W.M. Walker

New Bethel Baptist Church was organized and opened its doors in 1851. The doors were closed De. 1942 when church property was bought by the U.S. Government in the Oak Ridge Development. The church having been left in extended session from 1942, this monument was dedicated and the final church session closed at Memorial Day Services May 29, 1949.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Welcome to the Overlook at Panther Creek State Park

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Tennessee, Morristown
The valley before you was located at the heart of Cherokee Indian tribal territory until the late 1700's

Welcome to the Overlook at Panther Creek State Park The platform, on which you stand, is dedicated in memory of Bill Catron, founding member of the Friends of Panther Creek State Park. many were inspired by his love and devotion to the park. Today, his legacy lives on not only at this site, but also through countless volunteer hours of the Friends group. We appreciate the kind generosity and hard work of the following groups who selflessly devoted their time to seeing this overlook completed.

Friends of Panther Creek State Park
The University of Tennessee College of Architecture and Design and School of Art

Because thereis no evidence of established Cherokee villages within this area, formerly known as Panther Springs, it is believed the Cherokee considered this part of the Great Hunting Ground. The land was set apart by the Great Spirit for huntong, not habitation. In this valley, the Cherokee hunted deer, elk, small mammals, and game birds to supply yhe necessary food and clothing for the tribe. They also harvested fish from the river that once flowed freely at the base of this ridge, which they called the "Hogoheegee" or "Big River."

Crossing this basin and spanning much of the Appalachian area was a system of foot trails developed by the Cherokee Indians, known as the Great indian Warpath. One of the most notable trails in this area bypassed Panther Springs, travelling from Jefferson City to Morristown.

The trail has since become part of our modern-day highway system as U.S. Route 11 East of Andrew johnson Highway.

The first white man to ever set foot on this promising land is lost to history. It could have been Daniel Boone or an adventurous hunter who reported to the Watauga settlers, causing a tide of immigrants to come this way.

The early settlers referred to the "Hogoheegee" as the "Indian River."

The first European settlers in this area were issued land grants bu the State of North Carolina, which previously owned much of modern-day Tennessee. On September 20, 1787, grants were issued to Edward and Jesse Riggs and Gideon Morris for the land that is now called Morristown.

Between 1792 and 1793, the settlers cut a road, presently called Main Street, through what is now Hamblen County. It was on this route that most of the early settlers built their homes. The river was renamed the Holston in honor of Stephen Holstein who surveyed the river by canoe in 1761, This river served as a major transportation route for settlers, carrying them from Virginia and North Carollina, just as it carried Daniel Boone through the Cumberland Gap, while he traveled the Great Warriors Path, a trail that allowed hundreds of thousands of pioneers to settle the American frontier. Militiamen also rallied along the edge of the Holston River before going to the Battle of Kings Mountain and Cowpens during theRevolutionary War. Today, the original river channel still exists beneath the depths of Cherokee Lake.

How did this community become known as Panther Springs?

Legend claims that Panther Springs was named after a Virginian Colonel Bradley. He shot and killed a panther that fell into the creek, fed by the spring. Although other stories have been circulated, this is the most accepted legend. Now officially considered an endangered species, the panther, or Eastern Cougar, once roamed the hills of East Tennessee in abundance. Early settlers would gather on Sundays at the Springhouse to socialize, picnic, and listen to sermons. They also used the cool Springhouse to store milk and eggs to slow the spoiling process. At one time Panther Springs was considerably more important than Morristown. It was the first stop on the stagecoach route from Knoxville to Abingdon, VA. The stagecoach route stopped ata tavern built by John Tate. Weary travelers sat fireside, smoking and socializing, at Tate's Tavern. Tate also built a two-story log cabin that he used as a store.

Panther Springs slowly slid into obscurity when a railroad was built in the late 1850's, bypassing the small community, and opting for a stop in Morristown. This resulted in a gradual shift of population and commerce to Morristown.

Panther Springs was a typical pioneer village with a store, post office, blacksmith shop, church, school building, and homes.

During the Civil War, Panther Springs Academy served as a hospital.

Panther Springs Academy was established in 1845 on a hill located just southwest of the spring. It served as a hospital during the Civil War. The greatest threat the hospital faced was Smallpox that killed many soldiers.

In fact, about 130 Confederate soldiers are buried at the cemetery of the old New Freedom Missionary Baptist Church. During the war, the residents of Panther Springs lived as normally as possible.

Those who did not go to war continued to farm and gather at the Springhouse while trying to support the soldiers. Kate Livingston, a former academy instructor, described local Civil War events in her diary.

Thursday 3 September 1863
Papa made a coffin for Dr. Hood's child Dixie. About a hundred Yankee cavalry passed through Panther Springs en route for Morristown near ten o'clock.

Friday 25 December 1863
Christmas, rather cold and cloudy. Mr. Young, Shelton and McCutheron left about 11 o'clock. A great many soldiers were there. 'Tis the first Christmas we ever spent under the sound of cannons.

Friday 1 April 1864
Rained. A good many Federal cavalry and infantry went up to the xroads to-day. We heard the music very plain when they passed the Springs.

--Kate Livingston (b. 1841)

Excerpts from her diary kept between 1859-`68

Farming was an essential part of life in the Panther Springs community.

Even those who owned businesses held an interest in farming and many provided for their families by raising crops. Initially, farmers grew corn, small grains, hay, and tobacco for personal use, but later began cultivating wheat and tobacco for trade.

Students from first through eighth grade attended the Hiawatha Schoolhouse. When in operation, the Schoolhouse was without electricity. Classrooms were heated with wood burning stoves and windows provided the only light. Water for the school was retrieved, by bucket, from the Smallman Springhouse nearby. W.N. Ramsey, a local educator, minister, businessman, and landowner, served as Principal from 1925 to 1926. Ultimately, the school closed in 1940 and was purchased by the Spoone family.

The church was also a large part of life in Panther Springs. In 1905, Mary Senter Franklin, the sister of Governor DeWitt Franklin, built and dedicated Panther Springs United Methodist Church. Some settlers attended the New Freedom Missionary Baptist Church, while others went to services help regularly at the Panther Springs Springhouse.

TVA began construction of Cherokee Dam on the Holston River in August of 1940.

The people living in the Tennessee Valley during the 1930’s were struggling even by the standards of the Great Depression. The land was overworked and depleted. The best timber had been cut and crop yields were low. As part of his “New Deal” to lift the nation from the depths of the Great Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt asked Congress to create an agency, “clothed with the power of government but possessed of flexibility and initiative of a private enterprise.” Congress responded by establishing the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) with the passage of the TVA Act on May 18, 1933.

TVA provided assistance for farmers, planted trees, controlled forest fires, and improved habitat for fish and wildlife. The electricity generated by TVA dams was the most dramatic change to the Valley. Electric lights and the use of modern appliances made life easier. Electricity also drew industry to the region, providing desperately needed jobs. TVA began construction of Cherokee Dam on the Holston River in August of 1940. The dam was constructed to generate hydroelectric power to meet the needs of industry should the United States enter World War II. The dam was completed on December 5, 1941, just two days before the attack on Pearl Harbor. The generating capacity of the four hydroelectric units at Cherokee Dam is 135,200 kilowatts of electricity.

Cherokee Dam

The dam was constructed using 694,200 cubic yards of concrete and 3,304,100 cubic yards of earth and rock fill material. The concrete portion of the dam is 1,697 feet long. The dam is 175 feet high and stretches over a mile – 6,700 feet – from one end to the other.

Panther Creek State Park provides 1,435 acres of land for public recreation and wildlife habitat.

From 1945 to 1959, the Hamblen County Parks Committee leased approximately 775 acres of land from TVA. In 1963, a steering committee was established to determine the practicality and likelihood of developing that area into a state parl. The plan received overwhelming support and on August 10, 1967, a new lease agreement was established between the State and TVA, providing 947 acres to be maintained as a state park. By 1968, the State had purchased 488 additional acres from surrounding private landowners construction of park facilities began.

(Charity & Public Work • Environment • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 18 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Military Road School

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District of Columbia, Washington
The Military Road School opened in 1864 here along what then was Military Road, an artery linking Civil War forts. The School was one of the first to open after Congress authorized public education for Washington's African Americans in 1862. Students were children of free blacks as well as formerly enslaved men and women who settled near Fort Stevens, a source of employment during the war (1861-1865). Others came from upper Northwest neighborhoods and nearby Montgomery County, Maryland. The Military Road School closed with desegregation in 1954, but its handsome "new" brick building, completed in 1911, continues as a venue for social and educational programs.

(African Americans • Education • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Chesapeake & Ohio Railway

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Virginia, Richmond
Origins in the James River & Kanawha Canal Co. (1785) and the Louisa Railroad (1836). Headquarted in Richmond. Profits came from hauling WVA coal to Newport News shipyards. Merged with B&O in 1972 to form Chessie System. Chessie System merged with Seaboard System in 1980 to form CSX.

Church Hill Tunnel, 1873 • 18th & east Marshall
Main Street Station, 1901 • 15th & East Main
Penisula Trestle, 1901 • Elevated track to the right
James River Viaduct, • 1901 East Dock Street
Triple Crossing, 1901 • Near 15th & East Dock Street

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rex McDonald 833

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Missouri, Audrain County, Mexico


With his last owner, B. R. Middleton, riding him, defeated every horse ever shown against him. Owned, raised and trained in Audrain County. Sire and Grandsire and Great Grandsire of champions. Most widely known and beloved by saddle horse admirers the world over.

(Animals • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bonnot Combined Brick Machine

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Missouri, Audrain County, Mexico


Here rests a faithful servant of our company retired on account of age after twenty two years of continuous loyal service.

It is a Bonnot Combined Brick Machine installed at the East Plant in 1904 and moved to Josephine Plant in 1917. During this time it has made approximately 150,000,000 fire brick which have been shipped to satisfied customers in every states of the Union and to nearly every country in the world. It's splendid work and excellence of output contributed largely to the prosperity and growth of this company.

This tablet is dedicated in grateful acknowledgement of the service this machine has rendered.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Diaspore Boulder

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Missouri, Audrain County, Mexico


This is the largest "surface boulder" of Diaspore found in the Missouri Diaspore Fields lying south of the Missouri River. - It was taken from a diaspora pit near Aud, Osage County, Missouri, in 1926. - Diaspore is a high alumina clay occurring in this form with a fusion point above 3300°F. - chemically it consists mainly of alumina and water. Diaspore is a raw material or clay from which the A. P. Green high alumina super refractories are made.

(Environment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Red Banks Church

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North Carolina, Pitt County, Greenville
Federal expeditions frequently disrupted Confederate activities late in 1863. Union forces often assembled here at Red Banks Church because it was near Confederate camps. On December 17, 1863, a Federal attack near here on the camp of Co. H, 3rd North Carolina Cavalry, resulted in the capture of thirty-five men.

Union Col. Joseph M. McChesney with detachments from his command, the 1st North Carolina Volunteers (U.S), as well as the 12th New York Cavalry and 23rd New York Artillery Battery, set the church afire on December 30. Nearby Co. G, 3rd North Carolina Cavalry (C.S.A.), learned of the fire and rode toward the church with a cannon and gun crew from Lt. Col. Joseph B. Starr’s 13th Battalion, North Carolina Light Artillery (Starr’s Battery). Soon, the Confederates learned that the Federals had gotten behind them and turned back. Lt. James H. Myrover of Starr’s Battery wrote, “they suddenly and unexpectedly met the enemy. … The piece … was immediately brought into position. In a moment or two our cavalry was retreating (and) it was impossible to fire the piece without killing our own men. … The piece was surrounded (and) 4 men were taken prisoners.” Confederate Lt. David C. Camp was killed.

A Federal report noted that “after a hand-to-hand conflict the enemy retired, leaving 1 lieutenant and 5 men dead, with 1 piece of Starr’s fine battery, and caisson and horses. …Our loss was 1 killed, 6 slightly wounded 1 missing, and 3 horses disabled. … Lieut. William K. Adams, of Company L, First North Carolina Volunteers, a gallant and dashing officer…fell while making a charge at the head of the command.”

(captions)
(lower left) Eastern North Carolina Courtesy University of North Carolina

(center) Burning of Red Bank Church which was rebuilt after the war and remodeled in 1893. - Courtesy Roger Kammerer

(lower right) Horse-drawn artillery - Courtesy Library of Congress

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A History of the Winona / Bethany Christian Schools

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Indiana, Elkhart County, Goshen

(Side One)
A History of the Winona

In the early 1900's, Indiana had more miles of electric train lines than any other state in the United States. The lines blossomed primarily at Indianapolis, radiating out to transport people and goods to and from the bustling city. Indianapolis lines ran only as far north as Peru and northern Indiana lines ran only as far south as Goshen. A link between the two quickly became necessary.

In 1910, the link was created: the Winona Interurban Railway Company connected Goshen, Warsaw and Peru with sixty-five miles of trail. This additional line made it possible to travel from Michigan City to Indianapolis and back again in the same day.

In 1926 the line, now the Winona Railway Company, focused less on passenger service and more on freight service. In 1934, passenger service ceased all together. The transportation of eggs, coal, and sand became the main business for the line. Soon after this transition, diesel and gas engines replaced the electric locomotives.

In 1945, competition from the flourishing trucking industry threatened the stability of the Winona Railroad Company. After a difficult seven year period, it was forced to shut down due to financial losses. The final train ran in 1952.

(Side Two)
Bethany Christian Schools

On June 4, 1953, the Indiana-Michigan Mennonite Conference chartered the building of a high school, which opened on this site on September 7, 1954. Enrollment increases over the years led to building additions in 1957, 1964 and 1989. A middle school was established in 1996.

For several centuries, this land was home to a Pottawattomi tribe. In 1829 John w. Violett laid claim to 825 acres that included this property. In 1870, his son William built the brick house located at the southwest corner of this property, which is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Today, Bethany continues the original mission to provide an excellent Christian education. All students, regardless of their religious affiliation, who agree to live by the community guidelines and who satisfy the admission requirements are welcome.

(Churches, Etc. • Education • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Stones

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Missouri, Audrain County, Mexico


Acquired 1973
Indian Mortar (Grist) Stone
c.1700-1800

[Acquired] 1960
Granite Millstones used in
first Audrain County mill 1850

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mexico

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Missouri, Audrain County, Mexico


[Side A]
Internationally known for its firebrick industry and famed for its saddle horses, this county seat was laid out by Robert C. Mansfield and James H. Smith not long before Audrain County was organized, 1836. Named for legislator James H. Audrain and settled mainly by Southerners, the county lies in the Little Dixie Region of Missouri.

Rex McDonald, one of the world's greatest saddle horses, whose blood line has played an important part in the development of the easy-gaited, graceful American Saddle Horse, was foaled at nearby Auxvasse, 1890. He is buried at the fairgrounds in Mexico. Here lived famed Negro trainer Tom Bass and here he trained Belle Beach, champion high schooled mare. Mexico claims the first $1,500 saddle horse show ring and the first $1,000 trotting and pacing stakes. It was early a harness racing center.

Fireclay deposits mined here are among the largest and purest known, and Mexico is one of the leading firebrick producing centers in the world. Refactories are also at Vandalia and Farber. Located here is a huge soybean storage and processing plant.
(See other side)

[Side B]
(Continued from other side)
A commercial and industrial hub, served by 3 railroads, Mexico lies in the glacial plains region of Missouri, a highly fertile area of rich grain and livestock farms. The first permanent settlement was made, 1816. Settlers were sometimes called "Salt River Tigers," from the main body of water in the county, South Fork of Salt River. Pioneers, searching for horses stolen by a band of Potawatomies, were assailed at nearby Skull Lick, 1810. One of those killed was William T. Cole, whose wife, Hannah, later was the first settler at Boonville, Cooper County.

In the Civil War, Mexico, mainly Southern in sympathy, was early occupied by Union troops. U.S. Grant, while stationed here, July 1861, learned of his commission as a general.

Hardin College for women, 1873-1932, was established by Charles H. Hardin, governor, 1874-1876. The college traces back to an 1858 female academy. Today's noted Missouri Military Academy was founded, 1889, under Hardin's leadership.

The Audrain County Historical Society maintains a museum. Local historical sites of interest are marked.

(Education • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bradford Pear Tree

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District of Columbia, Washington
(Pyrus calleryana Bradford)
An ornamental shade tree developed by
U.S.D.A. Scientists
Planted May 2, 1966
by
Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson
Orville L. Freeman, Secretary of Agriculture
Va. & Md. 4-H Clubs
In behalf of National Beautification
Replaced May 2, 1987


(Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Smokey Bear Blue Spruce

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District of Columbia, Washington

Blue Spruce
Picea pungens
Planted April 11, 1984
To honor the 40th birthday of
Smokey Bear
by
John R. Block, Secretary of Agriculture
R. Max Peterson, Chief, USDA Forest Service
and the
Forester's Wives Club of Washington, D.C.


(Environment • Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Billy Drew Bridge

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Colorado, Jefferson County, Golden

(left side)

Bridging Our History
This bridge is the second Billy Drew Bridge erected on this site. The original Billy Drew Bridge was built in 1976 as part of Golden’s celebration of the Centennial-Bicentennial, the nation’s 200th anniversary and Colorado’s 100th anniversary as a State. A few Golden citizens, led by Billy Drew, called for the building of a bridge to provide an essential pedestrian and bikeway link between Golden and the city offices, parks, and residential neighborhoods located north of Clear Creek and west of Washington Avenue.

A small group of Golden residents, including Billy Drew, and students from the Colorado School of Mines helped to design the original bridge and to prepare the site.

The original structure was replaced by this present, wider bridge in 2003 to provide better accessibility and to enable two-directional traffice to safely cross at the same time.

Funding for this new bridge was provided by the City of Golden and a matching grant from Great Outdoors Colorado.

(right side)

The Billy Drew Bridge
Built on a Foundation of Involved Citizenry
Billy Drew was a gentleman who cared deeply about Golden. Our community is proud to continue to honor him through the naming of this bridge.

Billy Drew moved his family from Washington, D.C. to Golden in 1968 when he was 73 years old. He immediately became an active and devoted volunteer and worked diligently to improve the community well into his 90s. He was proud that he never missed a City Council meeting in nearly 25 years.

In addition to this bridge project, he campaigned to build Golden's first senior housing complex—Canyon Gate Apartments—advocating strongly for a high quality and affordable development.

Along with other citizens, Drew fought to save the Astor House Hotel from demolition, and it is now a Golden city museum on the National Register of Historic Places. He was trained as a stonemason as a young man and advised in the repointing of the stonework and the laying of the brick sidewalk in the garden at the Astor House Museum. He was 80 years old at the time, so he sat in a lawn chair to direct the workers.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Churchill County Courthouse

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Nevada, Churchill County, Fallon
Churchill County was created by the Territorial Legislature in 1861 but attached to Lyon County for judicial and revenue purposes. Churchill County was organized in 1864 and La Plata served as county seat. In 1868, it was moved to Stillwater, where it remained until March 5, 1903 when Fallon claimed the title.

The Neo-Classical Churchill County Courthouse was constructed in 1903 on property donated by Warren and Addie Williams and John Oats. Contractor W.B. Wyrick built the wood building for $7,300 from plans and specifications by Reno architect Benjamin Leon. The building was completed and accepted by County Commissioners F.L. Small, Charles L. Allen and E.S. Harriman on February 2, 1904.

The building is the only monumental wooden courthouse built in Nevada. It has been in continuous use since opening.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Churchill County Courthouse

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Nevada, Churchill County, Fallon
In 1903, Senator Warren Williams introduced a bill allowing the county seat to be moved from Stillwater to Fallon. The courthouse was constructed at its present location that same year. The wooden-framed structure of Neo-Classical design was conceived by Reno architect Ben Leon and constructed by W.B. Wyrick of Fallon. In 2001, the courthouse went through a major renovation. It remains the only wooden-framed courthouse in the state.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gunnison Massacre Site

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Utah, Millard County, Delta
In 1853, Captain John W. Gunnison was selected to lead an expedition to find a trans-continental railroad route. He followed the Old Spanish Trail through Salina Canyon, over the mountains to Pahvant Valley, and upon reaching Fillmore, visited his friend, Bishop Anson V. Call. Gunnison made friends in Utah while serving with Howard Stansbury's mapping expedition in 1851. Bishop Call warned him of Indians near the Sevier River because an old Indian brave in the Kanosh Tribe had been killed by members of a California-bound wagon train. Moshoquop, son of the dead brave, had vowed to avenge his father. Gunnison knew Kanosh and Moshoquop as friends, but they did not know of his return to Utah.

On the evening of October 28, 1853, Gunnison and his party made camp on the bank of the river. They took a few shots at migrating wildfowl. Two Indians heard the shots and crept near enough to see the military uniforms and army equipment, but not close enough to recognize the men. The Indians reported the news; and during the night, plans were made and the camp was surrounded. At daylight the cook made a fire, Gunnison went to the river to wash up, and men began working with the horses. As the sun appeared over the mountain the first shot was fired. Three men escaped on horses, although one fell and had to hide in the brush. One man swam the river and hid in the willows. Eight men were killed by guns and arrows.

The survivors made their way to Fillmore and reported the tragedy. Gunnison's body was taken to Fillmore for burial. William Potter, a Mormon guide, was buried at his home in Manti. Six men rest in a common grave at this site. They are John Bellows, W.J. Creuzfeld, botanist; R.H. Kern, artist; and Privates Lipcott, Calfield, and Merteens of the United States Army.

(Exploration • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Henderson Monument

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Minnesota, Renville County, near Morton
Erected by the
Renville Co. Pioneers,
Aug. 18, 1907.
In memory of
Mrs. S. R. Henderson
and her two little
daughters,
Jehiel Wedge,
and
Eugene White,
who were killed by
the Indians in the
massacre
of Aug. 18, 1862.
———
F. Thies,
Axcidently killed
March 1873.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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