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Ocala

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Florida, Marion County, Ocala
In 1539 Spanish explorers under Hernando de Soto discovered in this vicinity a populous native country called Ocali. From this Timucuan name is derived Ocala,, a designation distinctive among the oldest place-names of Florida. Marion County, named for General Francis Marion, was created in 1844. Ocala in 1846 was founded at the County Seat.

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers • Exploration • Hispanic Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Marion County Confederate Memorial Marker

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Florida, Marion County, Ocala
On May 1, 1908, the John J. Dickison Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) dedicated this monument to honor the Confederate dead. To erect the monument, the UDC collected $1,500 from its members, schoolchildren (donating pennies), and the general public. The namesake of the UDC chapter, Captain J. J. Dickison, was a Marion County resident who served as a captain in the Second Florida Cavalry during the Civil War. Confederate monuments such as this were erected throughout the South after the war. The granite-tiered monument was fabricated by the McNeel Marble Works of Marietta, Georgia, a nationally-recognized manufacturer of marble stonework and large funerary art and memorials in the early twentieth century. It stands 23 feet high and is topped by a carved marble Confederate soldier locally referred to as “Johnny Reb.” Moved several times during its history due to expansions of the Marion County Courthouse, the monument found a permanent home at this location in 2010.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort King

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Florida, Marion County, Ocala
On a nearby knoll stood Fort King, important military outpost during the removal of the Florida Indians. Adjacent to a Seminole agency established in 1825, it was named for Col. William King and first occupied in 1827. Outside the stockade, on December 28, 1835, warriors led by Osceola ambushed and killed Gen. Wiley Thompson and four others. On this same day troops marching to the fort’s relief perished in the Dade Massacre. In 1844, after the Seminole War ended, Fort King became the temporary seat of newly created Marion County.

(Native Americans • Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Francis Asbury Trail

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North Carolina, Haywood County, near Waterville
Francis Asbury, first elected Bishop of Methodism in the U.S.; rode on horseback over 275,000 miles over pioneer trails averaging one sermon a day. From New England to Charleston, S.C. More than 60 times he crossed the Appalachians. Once following the Cataloochee Trail. That trail begins here northward to the Cove Creek Baptist Church.

Mt. Sterling Gap 6.5 mi.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Worth Belt Railway

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Texas, Tarrant County, Fort Worth
Beginning in 1904, the Belt Railway serviced the Fort Worth Stock Yards. The arrival of the railroad in Fort Worth in 1876 moved the cow town from a regional economic player to a national force. The Stockyards Corporation, chartered in 1895, created a belt railway system to handle the movement of livestock and supplies into the yards and finished products out to the national market. As road traffic grew in the mid-1920s, the Belt's role began to diminish. By 1978, the Texas & Pacific and the Missouri Pacific railroads gained full control of the Belt. In 1988, the Fort Worth and Western Railroad purchased what was left of the Belt. The remaining two miles of line are now used as an access route by an excursion train to the National Historic District. Marker is property of the State of Texas

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The History of Gettysburg College

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
"No one can come to Gettysburg unstirred by thoughts of those who fought here, and of him who spoke here." - President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Gettyburg College Trustee (1961-1969)

Founded in 1832, Gettysburg College (originally Pennsylvania College) moved to its current location in 1837 on land purchased from abolitionist Thaddeus Stevens. Twenty-six years later, the small liberal arts college found itself in the path of a vicious civil war.

The Confederate army entered Pennsylvania in June 1863. Many students took up arms to protect the state from the Southern invasion. Those who remained on campus on July 1 were in class at the Edifice (now Pennsylvania Hall) when the first echoes of cannon fire announced the battle's arrival. Students and faculty scattered to safety just before the advancing Confederate forces pursued retreating Union troops across the college grounds. Confederate troops later converted the Edifice into a field hospital, filling it with as many as 900 wounded and dying men.

Eventually the armies left town, the wounded recovered and the dead were buried, but the battle changed Gettysburg forever. Students had become soldiers, captives, and doctors. When the College's fall term began, bloodstains still marked the floors of its classrooms. In November 1863 the toll of the terrible battle was still fresh in their minds when they gathered at the newly completed Soldiers' National Cemetery and witnessed President Lincoln's famous Gettysburg address.

In 1921 the school's name officially became Gettysburg College, a change symbolic of the indelible ties forged in the summer of 1863 between the College, the town, and the battle. Today students are immersed in that powerful history as they live and learn on hallowed ground.

(sidebar)
History and Tradition at the College
Students continue to experience the history that made Gettysburg famous. The 25th, 50th and 75th reunions of the battle brought veterans onto campus. Decades later, new students participate in the First-Year Walk, a recreation of the 1863 procession to the Soldiers' National Cemetery for a reading of the Gettysburg Address. Students also have the opportunity to take advantage of the College's prestigious Civil War programs, which promote intensive historical study at the site of one of the war's most crucial battles.

(captions)
At the time of the battle, Gettysburg College consisted of three main buildings and employed seven professors.

A monument in town honors the efforts of the College students who joined the state militia in June 1863.

For the 75th and final reunion of the Battle of Gettysburg, the campus again became a campground for veterans; including the men of the 12th Infantry, shown here.

(Education • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lincoln Highway

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Wyoming, Uinta County, Fort Bridger
In 1928, the Boy Scouts erected 2,400 of these monuments to commemorate the first Coast to Coast Highway from New York to San Francisco.
We dedicate this monument to the memory of Mr. Albino Fillin of Fort Bridger who though to save it for future generations.
A special thanks to Mr. Floyd Fillin for donating this monument to us. It is thoughtful persons such as these that help to preserve our heritage.
1999
Wyoming Chapter
Lincoln Highway Association
Pat Turner - Eagle Scout

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Bridger

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Wyoming, Uinta County, Fort Bridger
Established 1858
As a Military Post
Also
Pony Express
Station
An on the
Old Oregon Trail

(Settlements & Settlers • Communications • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mill Rock Point Overlook

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Virginia, Dickenson County, near Breaks
Mill Rock Point is so named because at one time millstones were carved from layered sandstone at the base of this overlook. This area was known to have produced good millstones for the early water-powered grist-mill when they were in operation. Elevation here 1660 ft.
Overlook elevation 1620 ft.
River Elevation 1030 ft.
Overlook 65 yards.

(Industry & Commerce • Natural Features • Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eureka Springs Historical Museum

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Arkansas, Carroll County, Eureka Springs

This three-story limestone building with metal-clad roof enclosing the top story was constructed in 1889 by Samuel L. Calif. For fifty years it served as a residence, general merchandise store, and boarding house. About 1948 the building was converted for use as a meeting hall for the B.P.O.E., and was known as the Elks Lodge until 1970 when the organization relocated.

Since 1947 the original Ozark Folk Festival is held annually in Eureka Springs, directed by a non-profit corporation of local citizens. In 1971 the festival board of directors purchased the Calif House for the purpose of establishing a museum of local history, a museum advisory board accepted the task to collect, preserve and exhibit artifacts in the building, and the museum opened to the public October, 1971.

In 1980 the festival board created Eureka Springs Historical Museum, Inc., an association open to membership by all interested persons which assumed ownership of the museum property and oversight of its operation. The wood and glass store front and two-story ornamented wood porches were replaced as the building was restored to its original appearance.

Calif Spring
Located adjacent to the museum building is Calif Spring situated in a spring reservation established by the City of Eureka Springs February 15, 1886 and maintained as a public park. Originally named Table Rock Spring, the name Calif came into common use after that family built their residence next to it.

Cora Pinkley Call Cabin and Heritage Garden
The log cabin and garden were established as a museum property beginning in 1997 in an effort to preserve the pioneer history of the vicinity. The cabin was constructed in 1930 using hand-hewn logs from the James Seaton cabin built at Blue Spring about 1830 as well as logs from other surviving pioneer cabins in the vicinity. Door and hearth stone are from G. W. Pinkley homestead of 1865 date. Cora Pinkley Call, noted Ozark folklorist and author, used the cabin as a studio and organized the Ozark Writers and Artists Guild there about 1933.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Man-Made Features • Environment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Texas Navy

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Texas, Galveston County, Galveston


1836 - 1845
In commemoration of
The Texas Navy
that played heroic part
in the struggle of
the Texas Republic
and made headquarters at
the port of Galveston

Erected by
the Texas Society
Daughters of the American Colonists
April 21, 1937

Mrs. A.V. Lane   State Regent
Mrs. E.C. Northen   State Chairman

(War, Texas Independence) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Galveston World War I Honor Roll

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Texas, Galveston County, Galveston


1917   Honor Roll   1918

We with uncovered head
salute the sacred dead
who went and who return not.
McDonald, Margaret • Astal, Douglas N. • Berg, George • Bone, Albert R. • Brown, William H. • Burke, C.T. • Carrague, Michael T. • Chubb, Duble • Collerain, William A. • Combs, Harold • Conant, Earl W. • Cornett, Julius V.L. • Crawford, J.H.W. • Crippon, Felix • Duroux, L.A. • Dugat, George F. • Evans, James A. • Falconer, A.B. • Falligant, C.G. • Fisher, Sidney L. • Ghirardi, George • Graves, Ira • Greer, Don W. • Hanson, Martin • Holland, V.R. • John, Henry • Johnson, F.A. • Johnson, Henry • Karbowski, O.H. • Kimble, Edwin R. • Kirkman, G.W. • Kirschner, George • Kitchell, Alvin • Lalich, Maxim • Lassaigne, Michel • Letts, Benjamin • Lockhardt, John W. • Mackay, Vernon H. • Meenen, August C. • Metzger, Theo E. • Mike, Cornelius • Moon, Mortimer K. • Muller, Robert C. • Mullins, Henry H. • O’Neill, James A. • Paisley, James J. • Palmer, Arthur • Paul, R.C. • Peterson, L.C. • Petropol, George • Pinkerton, A.D. • Poole, William H. • Reading, Emanuel • Reilly, Victor Charles • Ross, John S. • Ruble, William • Rust, Charles E. • Saunders, John W. • Schmidt, G.E. • Scrivnor, James • Scott, L.B. • Seelen, R.P. • Shockley, Mack • Singer, B.T. • Smith, C.D. • Smith, John F. • Smith, Guyton • Snoddy, M.E. • Warner, M.H. • Wern, A.F. • Winslow, Charles • Voight, Conrad

Colored
Alston, G.M. • Bates, James • Blake, William • Perkins, T.P.


“The right is more precious than peace we shall fight for the things we have always carried nearest our hearts. To such a task we dedicate our lives.”
Woodrow Wilson

They shall not grow old as we that are left grow old
Age shall not weary them nor the years condemn
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
We will remember them

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Crooked Road

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Virginia, Dickenson County, near Breaks
From the Blue Ridge Mountains to the Coalfields region, southwest Virginia is blessed with historic and contemporary music venues, musicians, and fretted instrument markers. Historically isolated, the region retained its strong musical legacy by passing traditions down through musical families to an appreciative community.

Old time mountain music, bluegrass, and gospel can be enjoyed all year long and several museums are devoted to showcasing the area’s rich musical heritage.

The Crooked Road winds through the ruggedly beautiful Appalachian Mountains and leads you to the major hotspots of old time mountain, music country music, and bluegrass. Alive and kickin’ for today’s fans, these venues preserve and celebrate musical traditions passed down through generations. Annual festivals, weekly concerts, radio shows, and jam sessions ring out to large audiences and intimate gatherings. Please visit the Crooked Road website to plan your trip to coincide with the current entertainment events.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bank of Eureka Springs Community Room

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Arkansas, Carroll County, Eureka Springs

Ellis Murphy established Murphy's Firestone Tire Service at this site about 1923. Called "Murphy the Tire Man", his services were frequently required to patch inner tubes and repair tires for hundred[s] of automobiles bringing tourists to Eureka Springs. The limestone building was an auto repair shop until July 1973 when it was purchased for use as a community room for the Bank of Eureka Springs. They brought back and placed the first old-time awning on the building, beginning a restoration trend which spread throughout the historic district, and the building was restored in time for the 1979 Eureka Springs Centennial.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Calif Spring

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Arkansas, Carroll County, Eureka Springs

Calif Spring was originally called Table Rock Spring, named for the rock formation above the spring area. This area was set aside as a spring reservation in 1886 by City Ordinance. S. L. Calif established a residence and general store next to the spring, which he excavated and cleaned. He was given a 99 year lease on the land where his house was located. It was then referred to as "Calif Spring."

The odd round stone building in this park covers Calif Springs itself. It was built following a study done in 1921 by a national engineering firm which resulted in the development of a major water treatment program for the springs. The water was subjected to the ultra-violet rays of a mercury lamp enclosed in a quartz tube and operated by direct electric current. This treatment was used on five springs on Main and Spring Streets. Construction cost for Calif Spring was estimated at $260. Cost for electricity to operate all the systems was estimated at $600 per year - high for the 1920s. To pay for the project an ordinance was passed to create a Spring Improvement District and impose a tax assessment on each property in this District.

Spring Reservations
Eureka Springs was founded upon the belief that there was healing for human ills to be found in the waters which flowed from the springs in the bluffs. From the earliest days, city government realized the need to protect and preserve these precious spring waters for the benefit of all. Thus, large tracts of open land on the hillsides around and above the springs were established by law as Spring Reservations. Most of these spring reservations are still in place.

How These Springs Work
Eureka Springs has a karst geology which produces two distinct groundwater systems. The first unit is composed of the Boone Foundation which is a highly fractured limestone. It is extremely porous and up to 250' thick. Beneath this is a two-unit layer of St. Joe Limestone. The top unit is finely crystalline limestone which forms bluffs and when fractured, forms caves. It is 30-45' thick. The second unit is less resistant and forms slopes rather than bluffs. It is 12-24' thick.

Beneath these is a thin layer of Chattanooga Shale less than 1-10' thick. The shale creates an impermeable divider between the groundwater systems. Water flowing through the upper system cannot pass through the Chattanooga Shale, so it surfaces through the St. Joe limestone. The areas' valleys parallel the contour lines of the Chattanooga Shale, spreading the underground flow into many small springs.

Beneath the Chattanooga Shale are three more layers of rock. Sylamore Sandstone, 2-25' thick, Powell Formation, 20' thick and Cotter Formation, 150' thick. Water from these lower layers only appear where the Chattanooga Shale has been removed by erosion such as in Dairy Hollow and Leatherwood Creek.

More recent groundwater tracing has led to the discovery that the springs of Eureka Springs get their water from local sources - the areas where most residents live - not thousands of miles away.

[Photo and diagram drawing captions on left read]
- Of the five springs, only Calif Spring still retains its stone treatment building.

- Springs Systems of Eureka Springs

Why You Can't Drink From The Springs Now
The important aspect of these water systems is that the springs are recharged by rainfall. They have a rapid response to heavy rainfall indicating that the groundwater systems are composed of channels. There is little soil contact which limits natural filtration. Thus, settlement around the spring recharge areas is the reason the spring water is no longer drinkable. The ever shifting karst terrain causes the water and sewer pipes to fracture. Their contents then leak into the groundwater system channels and come out in the springs. Even though the water in the spring still looks clean and pure, it is contaminated.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Ice House, Warehouse and Mess Hall

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Wyoming, Uinta County, Fort Bridger
At the northeast corner of Judge Carter's complex rose the log chinked ice house. Three doors at the southern side appeared one over the other, allowing this tall building of 18 feet 7 inches by 14 1/4 feet to be entered at all levels as the ice stock began to grow lower with the coming of warmer weather. Ice could be taken to the stone building next door, the two story warehouse and butcher shop-meat storage area. The lower story contained the beef and included a type of walk in freezer while the upper portion of this large 24 feet by 60 feet facility could hold stock such as dry goods. An "L" off the southeast corner provided spaces for Carter's employees to take their meals. Two windows and a center door faced to the east to provide light and some additional warmth from the morning sun. This side measured 32 feet while the shorter ends were 18 feet.

(Forts, Castles • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site Of St. Peter’s Church

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Connecticut, Litchfield County, Plymouth
Site Of
St. Peter’s
Church
1796 - 1915
(panel next to the marker)
St. Peter’s Episcopal Church
St. Peter's Episcopal parish was organized in 1740 by eleven families who longed for their beloved Church of England. They built a little church in what is now Thomaston, near where St. Thomas Church is today. By 1796, the parish had outgrown its original building, and built a new church on this site (upper photo). On February 27, 1915, tragedy struck when the church burned down, probably from the wood stove. Parishioners gathered stones from their fields and walls to build a new church on the site of the present day First Baptist Church of Plymouth.
The Plymouth Green
In 1747, the Ecclesiastical Society of Northbury acquired 4 acres to build a church and a cemetery, and to serve as a training ground for the local militia. Two meetinghouses were built before the present day Congregational Church was built in 1838. The Green has always been the center of community events such as Memorial Day parades and old Home Days. At one such gathering, Tom Hogan demonstrated his athletic ability by pole vaulting over a high bar (lower photo). Note the lack of cushioning in the landing area. St. Peter's Church is in the background.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

School House, Milk House & Wash House

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Wyoming, Uinta County, Fort Bridger
As an indication of his wealth and influence William Carter provided three buildings not commonly available to the average person on the American frontier. The first frame building served the family as a private school. It measured a mere 11 feet 3 inches by 14 feet 3 inches. Here the six children of Judge Carter received their rudiments of education. The adjacent stone structure was a milk house, an 11 feet by 16 1/2 feet processing and storage facility for luxury dairy products. The third building, a wash house, a 20 feet 2 inches by 11 feet 5 inches frame affair, made it possible for the Carters to bath in relative comfort and also to have the servants do the wash. Inside this small edifice is a "washing machine," a new invention on the frontier. The wall of all these buildings rose less than 10 feet.

(Agriculture • Forts, Castles • Education) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Plymouth Burying Ground

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Connecticut, Litchfield County, Plymouth
Plymouth Burying Ground
1747
National Register of Historic Places Here lie buried Veterans of the French and Indian War, the Revolutionary War, and the War of 1812.
The gravestones are in rows running north and south. The bodies were placed facing east, so that on the day of judgment, the resurrected dead would arise toward the dawn.
Gravestone Symbols
The oldest graves (mid-1700s), are nearest the entrance. They have carved symbols such as winged angels, representing the ascension of the soul to heaven. Some have messages, such as "Mortals Attend & Learn Your End”, to warn the living to maintain a life of virtue.
The inscriptions tell us how hard life was; "lived to bury five husbands”, ”was drowned", ”died of scald", and "died with daughter stillborn.”
Gravestones from the early 1800s, on the lower slope, often have weeping willows, symbolizing sorrow. A broken tree indicates a life cut short. An urn represents the soul. Stones may have symbols of organizations the deceased belonged to, such as Freemasonry.
The gravestones are artifacts that provide clues to the lives of our ancestors and the history of Plymouth. They deserve our respect and devoted care.

Major funding provided by Plymouth Historical Society, Marian Milne, Plymouth Chamber of Commerce, and First Congregational Church of Plymouth.

(Colonial Era • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Plymouth Center School

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Connecticut, Litchfield County, Plymouth
Plymouth Center School Plymouth Center School (right side of top photo) stood on this site from 1900 to 1952. It was built for $6,330, and did not include indoor plumbing. There was an outhouse with separate sections for the boys, girls, and teachers. It was located next to the big sycamore in front of the Rev. Andrew Storrs house.
The Town Report for 1901 stated, "The building has been a source of much satisfaction to the residents of this section". It had grades 1 through 8, with two grades per classroom.
At recess, children played marbles, hopscotch jump rope, dodgeball, and mumbleypeg, a game where jackknives would be flipped into the ground.
In winter, the Green was flooded by the Fire Department for iceskating at lunchtime.
School was not cancelled because of snow. Chains were put on the buses and they made their appointed rounds.
As was often the case back then, children were discouraged from writing left-handed. Discipline was strict. Former students felt they received a good education and look back fondly on their days at Plymouth Center School.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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