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First United Methodist Church of Evant

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Texas, Coryell County, Evant
Organized by Rev. Joe Price between 1874 and 1876 in Langford’s Cove community (later renamed Evant), the Evant Methodist Episcopal Church began with seven charter members: Mr. and Mrs. W.C. Winters, Mr. and Mrs. G.T. Winters, Mr. and Mrs. Edington and Miss Elam. After a short time, the Rev. Mr. Price returned to his home in Mississippi. The congregation continued to hold prayer meetings led by W.C. Winters and occasional visiting pastors, including M.M. Waver and W.H. Carr of nearby Levita, the Rev. Dr. Perry from Hamilton, the Rev. Bill Davenport and the Rev. Osgood Shook. First meeting in members’ homes and under brush arbors, they eventually began to hold prayer meetings in the small local schoolhouse.
     In the spring of 1879 a camp meeting was held at Cottonwood Springs. New families began moving into the area, including the Murehead family from Rhode Island and the Thomas family from Wales, Great Britain. They began a Sunday school and invited area young people to join them in Methodist worship. As they grew in numbers they joined the Methodist Church.
     In 1884, the Baptist built the first church building in the community. The Methodists shared the structure with other denominations until 1905 when they erected their own building. It was moved across the street in 1937 due to highway development.
     The Methodist church in the nearby Vista community joined with Evant Methodist in 1949 and they dedicated a new brick building that year in a ceremony led by the presiding bishop. The congregation’s growth reached its 20th century peak in 1963 with 201 members. The Evant United Methodist Church continues in the traditions of its founders.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Benjamin F. Gholson

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Texas, Coryell County, near Evant
Born in Falls County. Son of early Texas settlers Albert G. and Elidia Anderson Gholson.
     After 1858-1859 service with Texas Rangers, he re-enlisted in company under Capt. J.M. Smith, and in 1860 aided in the rescue of Cynthia Ann Parker, kidnaped by Comanche Indians in 1836.
     Served in 2nd Regiment, Texas Cavalry in Civil War. Married Jane Adaline Langford. Prominent stockman, was active in the Texas Ex-Rangers Association.
Recorded - 1967

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Petersburg Battlefields

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Virginia, Dinwiddie County, near Petersburg

“The charge of Major-Gen. Wright’s veterans under cover of the darkness and mist … will forever live in history as one of the grandest and most sublime actions of the war.”—Sgt. Newton J. Terrill, 14th New Jersey Infantry, USA

“The Army of Northern Virginia got whipped badly. The killed & wounded was large. An awful sad day in the Army & I reckon all over the country.”—Lt. James E. Phillips, 12th Virginia Infantry, CSA

The ground before you witnessed one of the most decisive attacks of the entire Civil War. Early on the morning of April 2 1865, some 14,000 Union soldiers crossed eight hundred yards of open ground and attacked about 2,800 Confederates manning a line of earthworks protecting access to Petersburg. The Federal victory here broke Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee’s previously impenetrable defenses and, along with other Union gains, prompted Lee to order the evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond.

This breakthrough came after months of effort. In September and October 1864, the Federals made key terrain gains at the Battle of Peebles’ Farm. For six months thereafter, troops in blue and gray occupied opposing picket lines, exchanging shots, coffee, and tobacco. On March 25, 1865, the Battle of Jones Farm set the stage for ultimate Union success.
This trail connects the Union works preserved by Petersburg National Battlefield with the Confederate works within Pamplin Historical Park and crosses the ground saved by the Civil War Trust. The trail covers approximately two miles round trip and takes about 90 minutes to walk. Please note that Pamplin Historical Park charges an entrance fee, which is payable at the park’s Battlefield Center or at the National Museum of the Civil War Soldier.

(captions)
Gen. Horatio G. Wright commanded the Union Sixth Corps, whose troops made the attacks here on March 25 and April 2, 1865. Courtesy Library of Congress

Confederate Gen. Ambrose Powell Hill commanded the Third Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, which bore responsibility for the Confederate defenses immediately southwest of Petersburg. From Miller's Photographic History of the Civil War

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Armed Forces Memorial

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New Jersey, Somerset County, Somerville
Dedicated in grateful and loving tribute to all who served in the armed forces of the United States to defend their ideals and paved the way to peace.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jay Gould

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Pennsylvania, Wayne County, Thornhurst
The first business venture of the noted speculator and railroad manipulator was in this village, then called Gouldsboro. Here, 1856-61, he owned a large tannery with Zaddock Pratt. The tannery profits became the basis of his fortune.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eckley Miners' Village

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Pennsylvania, Luzerne County, Weatherly
Founded in 1854 as Fillmore, it was renamed for noted mining engineer Eckley Coxe. It was built to house anthracite coal miners and their families, many European immigrants. Coal patch towns like Eckley were common in northeast Pa. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Colliery operations declined by the 1950s, but the site was restored for the 1970 film The Molly Maguires. Subsequently it was converted to a state historic site operated by PHMC.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 15 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Emery Road

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Tennessee, Anderson County, Oak Ridge
On a route that was first authorized to be "cut and cleared" in 1787, the Rock Pillar Bridge 60 yards to the north-northeast was built in the early 1900's. This road became known as the Emery Road and was one of the earliest routes used in the settlement of Middle Tennessee. Tennessee Historical Commission

(Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles • Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Exploring the Corridor

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Pennsylvania, Carbon County, Weatherly
Welcome to Delaware and Lehigh National and State Heritage Corridor, a collection of people, places and events that helped shape our great nation. Come journey through five Pennsylvania Counties bursting with heritage and brimming with outdoor adventure. Canals and railroads—remnants of Northeaster Pennsylvania’s prosperous coal age—form the spine of this more than 150-mile Corridor. You’ll find something for everyone. Follow a history trail marked with stories about hearty lumberjacks, coal miners, lock tenders, canalers and railroaders. Explore quiet canal paths, challenging bike trails and rippling waters of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers.

In the Corridor’s northern reach experience life within Luzerne County coal towns and vibrant cities proudly displaying ethnic diversity. Spend time in our arts and educational institutions. Find outdoor recreation in Carbon County where the landscape offers breathtaking scenery and glimpses of coal and lumber industries from days gone by. Wander through enchanting towns; visit a coal museum and an underground mine. The Lehigh Valley welcomes you with rolling hills, winding rivers, picturesque farms, covered bridges and Victorian townhouses.

Discover Moravian heritage with the valley’s oldest city, learn about the steel and cement industries, or attend some of America’s best festivals. The excitement continues as you travel south along the Delaware River Scenic Drive into Bucks County. This area offers pastoral vistas, landmarks from America’s battle for independence and a renowned artist’s community intermingled with Colonial farmsteads.

Relive history and discover a distinctive American landscape within the Corridor. We invite you to bask in our heritage, ride or walk our trails, and enjoy our waterways. www.nps.gov/dele.

“Our residents take pride and partner in their heritage—they understand the meaning of what we have an act to preserve it”
Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor and State Heritage Park, Management Action Plan.

(Inscription beside the photos in the lower left)
Historic Landmarks illustrate the rich legacy of our forefathers.

(Inscription under the photo in the lower center)
Moravians created a thriving commercial life based on early industrial crafts.

(Inscription under the photos in the upper right-from left to right, top to bottom)
Lehigh Gorge State Park is a haven for whitewater rafting, boating and mountain hiking.---A diverse people immigrated here they endured many hardships with hopes for prosperity and to create opportunity for their children---Monuments to America’s industrial might are found in the Lehigh Valley.---Mules pulled the mine cars, towed the canal boats and farmed the land.---A turning point in our nation’s history occurred on Christmas Day, 1776 along the Delaware River in Bucks County---Anthracite coal mined in the north fueled America’s industrial revolution.---Trails along the Susquehanna, Lehigh and Delaware Rivers help visitors navigate the Corridor.—The region has accepted the challenge to protect exceptional vistas while encouraging appropriate development.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers • Patriots & Patriotism • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Eckley Miners’ Village

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Pennsylvania, Carbon County, Weatherly
Anthracite coal was the heating and iron-making fuel of choice for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Almost all the anthracite came from northeastern Pennsylvania during that time. Eckley Miners’ Village was first opened in 1854 while coal mining was becoming the predominant regional industry. A colliery (breaker), houses, churches, hotel, school and company store were erected over the next 75 years by the mine owners. Both the village and its underlying minerals were controlled by the owners during its 115 years of private concern.

Because the owners made few changes or improvements in the community, the village’s original appearance is easy to see. The village provides today’s visitors with an authentic reflection of life in an anthracite-mining town. That is why Paramount Studios purchased Eckley as a movie set for the Molly Mcguires in 1967-68. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania acquired the village from a local preservation organization in 1971 and opened it as a museum in 1975.

Today, the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, working with the Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor and other partners throughout the northeastern Pennsylvania, preserves and tell the story of the anthracite region and its people.

(Inscription under the photo in the upper right)
Coal from Ekley and other mines in the region first traveled to market by way of the Delaware and Lehigh Canals. By the late 19th century, railroads became the primary method of moving anthracite.

(Inscription under the image in the lower right)
Eckley Miners’ Village today retains about 80 buildings, including mine owner’s houses, miners and laborers’ houses, two churches and other service structures. The Visitor Center exhibition and the village tour explain the growth and decline of the village and the way of life in anthracite “patch towns.”

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 18 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Scioto Park Stone #1

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Ohio, Delaware County, near Delaware
The McClure Road or Wilderness Way crossed a permanent stream at this point. An “S” bridge has been placed here for utility, flood and wash control. Originally the bridge consisted of large granite boulders as buttress walls, over this was placed supporting timbers with a plank floor.

This bridge was taken out when the County tiled ditch was put in drying up the stream in the early 1900’s. The boulders were removed by farm operators for passage of equipment around 1916. The erosion control bridge and plantings were started in 1948- 49.

(Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Scioto Park Stone #2

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Ohio, Delaware County, near Delaware
The Atkinson Farm was located at this location since the McClure Road ran by this site approximately 500 feet north of here. The holding had ready access to a main road and was not hampered by being isolated deep in the fields as it is today. The Atkinson family consisted of four people, the Father, Wirtz, his wife, and two boys, David and James. David was killed at Shiloh and James was not a capable or responsible person. He once burned one of the barns to get rid of a rooster who awakened him in the morning by his crowing. The rooster fled the burning barn to crow another day. The neighbors assisted in a community effort in building a new barn.

These fine neighbors and friends retired and the McClure Brothers, James and John bought the farm in 1873. The buildings were torn down as they had become dangerous in about 1916 by Mr. Henry Strauzer at the request of John McClure.

(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Scioto Park Stone #3

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Ohio, Delaware County, near Delaware
Passing this point in the eighteen hundreds was a major road. It was a more direct route from Delaware than the more indirect #36 to this point. Here it was a four corner crossing the Atkinson Lane and the lane leading north to one of the McClure plantations. The Jones and Smith farms. Just south where there is another marker was the Wirtz Atkinson farm complex and farther south was a farm and some dwelling places including a log school house. This Atkinson lane also connected with the Owen plantation complex. Just south of this location in the adjoining field was an orchard that originated with plantings of the famous John Chapman or “Johnny Appleseed” who was on occasion a guest of the McClure family. This orchard was removed around 1917 and 1918 as it was no longer particularly productive and the land was thought to be needed for cropping

(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Scioto Park Stone #4

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Ohio, Delaware County, Delaware
From the early 1800’s until the early 1900’s a stagecoach road, coming directly from Delaware, passed this point on it’s way to (Millville) Warrensburg, Marysville and Prospect. It was closed by the property holders (the McClure Family) as the Delaware- Marysville Road had become the piked and major thoroughfare. It was done with the permission and blessing of the State and County officials.

(Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Overland Trail

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Wyoming, Carbon County, near Wamsutter
"From the Platte west to Fort Bridger... is one almost uninterrupted panorama of barren hills, sandy plains, ugly tortuous ravines, and blank desolation... All life and all living things, seem to be gone." (Overland Trail traveler Demas Barnes, 1866)
A fading set of trail ruts across the high desert east and west of this point are all that remains of the Overland Trail, a busy highway of the 1860s for emigrants, freight and mail, and stagecoaches between the Missouri River and the west coast.
Fur traders traveled portions of the trail as early as 1825, followed by mountain men and explorers, who described the area as the "war ground of several hostile tribes." Despite such warnings, Ben Holladay moved his stage and mail route from the Oregon Trail south to the Overland Trail in 1862. It left the Oregon Trail near today's North Platte, Nebraska, and rejoined it in western Wyoming near Granger (see map). Holiday's famous red Concord stages and matched teams of horses crossed these barren hills, changing teams at "swing" stations and procuring meals and fresh drivers at "home" stations located 50 miles apart. A traveler described a home station in 1866: "Cold, discomfort, and misery ... may I never see the like again!" Stages were driven day and night, traveling up to 125 miles in a 24-hour period. Emigrant parties also used the trail: the post surgeon at Fort Halleck counted 17,000 emigrants in 1862 alone.
Travel across this waterless stretch was extremely tedious, and the new route also proved vulnerable to attack by Native Americans. In spite of military protection based at Fort Halleck, stage stations were raided and burned, and many travelers were killed. The transcontinental railroad, completed in 1869, ended stage and mail service on the Overland Trail, but emigrant parties continued to use it for many years thereafter.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Overland Stage Station Route

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Wyoming, Carbon County, near Wamsutter
Operated 1862 to 1868
Washakee Station four miles east.
Barrel Springs Station fourteen
miles west.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Parco Inn

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Wyoming, Carbon County, Sinclair
The Parco Inn was built as the architectural highlight of Wyoming's most elegant company town. Frank Kistler, founder of the Producers and Refiners Oil Company (PARCO), hired the Denver-based architectural firm of Fisher and Fisher to design a innovative company town that was not only functional, but aesthetically pleasing as well. The town was completed in 1925.
The motif for Parco's architecture is Spanish Colonial, featuring tile roofs, stucco exteriors and iron balconies. The sixty-room Parco Inn, which opened for business on May 31, 1925, spans an entire block and features two five story bell towner. Single story wings extend from both sides of the hotel to house shops and other businesses. A long arched vestibule leads to the tiled main lobby, where wrought iron balconies on the second floor overlook the lobby below. Twin stairways lead to the upper floors. Exposed hand-painted cedar beams, featuring stencils designed by Thomas Arrak of Denver, support stained glass skylights. Other notable architectural details include arched colonnades, impost moldings, dentiled string cornices, neo-baroque spiral columns, a ballroom and a large fireplace. Although guests could dine in the Inn's coffee shop, the Parco Inn was most noted for its famous Fountain Room restaurant. Live trout were stocked in the pool of the Fountain Room and guests could order the freshest fish in Wyoming.
Parco fell on hard times during the Great Depression and in 1934 the town site, refinery and oil fields were sold to Harry Sinclair's Consolidated Oil, later named the Sinclair Refining Company. The town's name was changed to Sinclair in 1942. In 1967, the Sinclair Refinery Company sold most of the town site to local residents and the Parco Inn has been under private ownership since that time.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Amos Deason Home

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Mississippi, Jones County, Ellisville
This one-story, Greek Revival-style house was constructed ca. 1847 with a wood façade shaped to resemble stone blocks and a hexagon-shaped entrance vestibule. On October 5, 1863 Confederate Major Amos McLemore, who had been sent to the area to round up deserters, was shot and killed in the house by Newton Knight. The Amos Deason home was listed in the National Register of Historic places in 1984 and designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2000.

(Notable Buildings • War, US Civil • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rock Spring Stage Station Site

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Wyoming, Sweetwater County, Rock Springs
Also the Springs

Erected to the memory of
Those Brave Pioneers
Who passed this way
To win and hold
The West

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Reliance Tipple

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Wyoming, Sweetwater County, Reliance
It was in 1910 that coal mine operations began at Reliance. These mines were operated by the coal mining company of the Union Pacific Railroad. Here, where the tipple now stands, the first coal loading facility was constructed in 1912. The stone foundations for the earlier wooden tipple are still evident east of the metal tipple. The tipple you see today was completed in 1936 and still contains machinery from when it was in operation. Few tipples remain from the era when coal was king. Modern mining methods and a shift to gasoline and diesel powered locomotives made underground coal mining too expensive to compete in the energy market while using the technology of the early twentieth century. Tipples such as this were torn down and the equipment sold as salvage. In Wyoming, only the Reliance tipple remains as an example of a large industrial coal handling facility. It is a silent marker of a by-gone day and serves as a tribute to the miners and their families who worked to establish homes in southwest Wyoming and to the men who lost their lives in the coal mines of Sweetwater County.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A National Cemetery System

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Virginia, Henrico County, near Richmond

Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union troops. This propelled the creation of a national cemetery system.

On September 11, 1861, the War Department directed commanding officers to keep "accurate and permanent records of deceased soldiers." It also required the U.S. Army Quartermaster General, the office responsible for administering to the needs of troops in life and in death, to mark each grave with a headboard. A few months later, the department mandated interment of the dead in graves marked with numbered headboards, recorded in a register.

Creating National Cemeteries
The authority to create military burial grounds came in an Omnibus Act of July 17, 1862. It directed the president to purchase land to be used as "a national cemetery for the soldiers who shall die in the service of the country." Fourteen national cemeteries were established by 1862.

When hostilities ended, a grim task began. In October 1865, Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs directed officers to survey lands in the Civil War theater to find Union dead and plan to reinter them in new national cemeteries. Cemetery sites were chosen where troops were concentrated: camps, hospitals, battlefields, railroad hubs. By 1872, 74 national cemeteries and several soldiers’ lots contained 305,492 remains, about 45 percent were unknown.

Most cemeteries were less than 10 acres, and layouts varied. In the Act to Establish and to Protect National Cemeteries of February 22, 1867, Congress funded new permanent walls or fences, grave markers, and lodges for superintendents.

At first only soldiers and sailors who died during the Civil War were buried in national cemeteries. In 1873, eligibility was expanded to all honorably discharged Union veterans, and Congress appropriated $1 million to mark the graves. Upright marble headstones honor individuals whose names were known; 6-inch-square blocks mark unknowns.

By 1873, military post cemeteries on the Western frontier joined the national cemetery system. The National Cemeteries Act of 1973 transferred 82 Army cemeteries, including 12 of the original 14, to what is now the National Cemetery Administration.

(sidebar)
Reflection and Memorialization
The country reflected upon the Civil War's human toll—2 percent of the U.S. population died. Memorials honoring war service were built in national cemeteries. Most were donated by regimental units, state governments and veterans’ organizations such as the Grand Army of the Republic. Decoration Day, later Memorial Day, was a popular patriotic spring event that started in 1868. Visitors placed flowers on graves and monuments, and gathered around rostrums to hear speeches. Construction of Civil War monuments peaked in the 1890s. By 1920, as the number of aging veterans was dwindling, more than 120 monuments had been placed in national cemeteries.

(captions)
Soldiers' graves near General Hospital, City Point, Va., c. 1863. Library of Congress.

Knoxville was established after the siege of the city and Battle of Fort Sanders in 1863. Cemetery plan, 1892, National Archives and Records Administration.

Lodge at City Point, Va., pre-1928. The first floor contained a cemetery office, and living room and kitchen for the superintendent's family; three bedrooms were upstairs.

National cemetery monuments, left to right: Massachusetts Monument, Winchester Va., 1907; Maryland Sons Monument, Loudon Park, Baltimore, Md., 1885; and Women's Relief Corps/Grand Army of the Republic Monument to the Unknown Dead, Crown Hill, Indianapolis, Ind., 1889.

To learn more about benefits and programs for Veterans and families, visit www.va.gov

(War, US Civil • Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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