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Breckinridge Mill

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Virginia, Botetourt County, near Fincastle
Breckingridge Mill is a rare survivor of the grain and milling industry that figured significantly in the economy of antebellum Virginia. The three-and-a-half story brick structure was erected in 1822 for James Breckinridge, and is one of the oldest mills in the region. Breckinridge was a leading Federalist politician and landowner of southwestern Virginia. His mill replaced an 1804 mill also build for Breckinridge, and remained in operation until about 1939.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Officer Erik Hite

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Arizona, Tucson

Was Killed In The
Line Of Duty Near
This Location On
June 2, 2008

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hired Man’s House – Who Lived Here?/Historic Preservation of the Hired Man’s House

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Arizona, Pima County, Vail

Hired Man’s House – Who Lived Here?
This two room house was in existence by 1920. Most likely, the Vails built it for use by families working on the Empire Ranch. Dusty Vail Ingram, who grew up on the Empire, recalled that the Estrada family lived here in 1924. One of Dusty’s favorite playmates was the Estrada’s oldest son, Mike. In 1927 Mariano Ferra, his wife, and granddaughter Eva, moved in the house. Mariano first worked as a cowboy for the Vail’s in the Rosemount area of the Empire, and later worked at ranch headquarters cutting and hauling wood.

When the Boice’s purchased the Empire in 1929 they allowed Eva’s grandparents to remain in this house. At the age of 13, Eva began to help Mary Boice with her children, Bob and Pancho. Eva married Empire Ranch cowboy, Dick Jimenez, who worked for Frank Boice from 1933 to 1945.

From an interview with Dusty Vail Ingram about life in 1924:
Dusty: Well, the …children that I played with were Rita and Bartolo’s children. They lived in that little house that’s off to the north of the big house. And Rita always fascinated me because she rolled tobacco for Bartolo. She’d roll it in the cigarette papers, and so on. Well, she kept his cigarette pouch all nicely filled and he never had to roll a cigarette himself. He was the envy of all the men there, as you can imagine.
Glenda Bonin: She spoiled him.
Dusty: It was great…The one I played with most was Mikey – the oldest boy. We played marbles and all the games children play. We also played hide-and-seek, and we’d climb over the rooftops and things like that. We had a good time.

(top photo) Eva Ferra Jimenez circa 1935 (age 18)
(bottom photo) Dick and Eva Jimenez and their daughter Mercy, circa 1945
Photo caption:
Dusty Vail and Mike Estrada playing marbles circa 1924.

Historic Preservation of the Hired Man’s House
When this house was built, the adobe bricks were laid in a shallow trench with no foundation. The original roof had no gutters. After the house was abandoned, exposure to the weather led to erosion of the adobe, and deterioration of the walls.

In the summer of 2000, professionals and volunteers worked to replace deteriorated bricks and stabilize the walls. Today, this house remains an important architectural component of the Historic Empire Ranch Headquarters with thanks to the Bureau of Land Management’s partner, the Empire Ranch Foundation (ERF). Complete restoration of this historic structure is a long-term goal of BLM and ERF.

Why are so many of the Empire Ranch buildings constructed of adobe bricks? Adobe was the most common building material in the southwest in the 1800s. Adobe is made of readily available soil composed of sand, silt and clay, and also organic material such as hay or twigs. Adobe houses stay cool in the summer and warm in the winter.

Photo captions:
An archeologist’s sketch of the floor plan.

Preservation specialists stabilize the adobe walls.

A view inside during restoration.

Newspaper clippings found on the walls inside this building during stabilization represent an earlier era.


(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Perge

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Turkey, Antalya Province, Aksu (district), near Aksu
The first dig at Perge had been made by Ord.Prof.Dr.Arlf Müfit Mansel and his team under his leadership in the year of 1946. Between the years of 1975-1986, the digs were made under the leadership of Prof.Dr.Jale Inan. During the digs the remains of formal buildings and many sculptures which had been made by people of Perge were found out. In the year of 1988, Prof.Dr.HaIuk Abbasoğlu became the head of the diggings and they began to dig for houses to understand social life of people and their life style. In the meantime, a common Project with Giessen University-Germany also started in Acropol to discover life in Perge before Roman times. Our knowledge is limited by Roman and Greek Ages about the foundation and development of the City. Archeologıc(al) discoveries go back up to 5th Century B.C.. According to Strabon sic, the City was established by colonists from Argos in leadership of the hero(e)s like Mopsos, Kakhas after the Troia War. These men called the region as "Pamphylia - The Country of all tribes". In fact, basements which were found in front of the door of Hellenistic Period but belonging to the age of Roman Empire confirm Strabon.

However, in the year of 1986, on a bronze tablet which was found at Hattusas, capital City of Hittites, name of the City was written, indicating presence of Perge before Akhas in 13th Century B.C.. In order to illuminate the period of Perge before Parha and Roma times, diggings were made in Acropol and some ceramic, stone tools and other buried pieces were found. Depending on those findings we can say that, Perge had been established long ago in Early Bronze Era (4 -3 Thousand B.C..) Because of the Ktistes names and finds of a limited number of ceramic pieces in Acropolis, we can think that there was a relationship with Mikens in 12th Century B.C.

A Greek Colonization were established probably by Rhodos in the beginning of 7th Century B.C.. New comers met traditional people who settled there and mixed with them in time, causing development of a new culture. In this period the City was settled on the hill called Acropolis. Buildings were belong to a very wide period from Arcaic Era to Early Byzantian period; from the ways for climbing up to Acropolis and from the defensing walls at south side of the hill, we understand that the City was autonomous under partial effect of Greek Culture. After the 5th Century B.C., Perge turned to be Hellen. In the Hellenistic and brilliant period of Perge, below city of Late Hellenistic-Roman Period was probably be established starting from hill sides over to the plain. Comparing with Acropolis, because of their defense techniques, this place represents later period.

After the death of Alexander, the Great, Pamphylia remained under the sovereignty of Antigonos for a while and then between the years of 223-188 B.C., it was governed by Seleukoses so the walls of the Below City were built in their period. For reason that Pax Romana provided a continuous peace, they did not need defense systems any more and the City began to develop to the South regions in 1st Century A.D. As a result of donations of a very rich woman Plancia Manga, the City became very beautiful at the beginning of 2nd Century A.D.. The City had a magnificent period of Roman Empire between the 2nd and the 3rd Centuries A.D. Most of the structures of the City remained until today, for example, theatre, stadium, Agora, Baths, Foundations, Coloumned (sic) streets reflects the glory of that period.
In ancient times, the most valuable privilege that the holy places could get, was the right of immunity (asylia) which provided an absolute protection to the persons entering from the borders. Perge could get the right of immunity as a result of efforts of an envoy named Apollonius in last years of Emperor Domitianus. Apollonius probably utilized effect of Senator Marcus Plancius Varus in Rome, who belongs to Plancius Family, being the foremost family of Perge. 3rd Century A.D., was a prosperity period. In this period, title of "Neokoros - Guard of the temple" was added to the right of immunity (asylia). The City got the status of metropolis in this period.

From now on, the City used titles of "the first" or "the first in Pamphylia" on the coins. However, the title of "immunity" were not used on the coins and inscription of the City before the end of the 2nd Century AC (sic). Getting this title is celebrated by a festival named as Asyleia Augusta. One of the few people from Perge in ancient time was mathematicien Apollonios who was one of the consecutives of Eukleides and worked at lskenderiye in 3rd Century A.D. He is known as the first scientist who searched for the properties of ellipses. Outsourcing system of the universe was put into a theoretical basis by Apollonios first and later on, developed by Ptolemaios.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Roanoke Valley Baptist Association

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Virginia, Botetourt County, near Flatwoods
The (Roanoke) Valley Baptist Association was organized on 7 August 1841 at nearby Zion Hill Baptist Church. Seventeen congregations constituted the original fellowship of churches; during the next century and a half membership grew to more than seventy churches.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Upper Peristyle of the Domus Augustana

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Italy, Lazio, Rome Province, Rome

The Upper Peristyle of the Domus Augustana
Set within the great rectangular basin, with its complex articulated edges, was a miniature temple on a podium. This could be accessed by means of a small bridge supported on small arches, probably added at a later period.

The function of this little structure is not entirely clear. Almost certainly it was a shrine of some kind, but there are other theories that it was a small place of retreat for the emperor, or some kind of water feature. The bottom and the walls of the basin originally were completely clad in marble veneer. Excavations have identified, to the sides of the peristyle, a complex arrangement of varied rooms, including a porticoed diaeta (terrace) and more basins. All of these different elements give this section of the palace characteristics typical of a sacro-idyllic space, in which the garden occupied the spaces between the basin and the open structures around it, following Hellenistic models. A great deal of sculptural material was found in the course of excavation of this peristyle.

Il Peristilio Superiore Della Domus Augustana
La funzione della piccola construzione non è sicura: quasi certamente si tratta di un sacello ma c'è chi ipotizza un piccolo luogo di ritiro per l'imperatore, o anche un impianto ad acqua. Il fondo e le pareti della vasca erano in origine completamente rivestite di lastre di marmo.

Ai lati di questo peristilio gli scavi hanno individuato una complessa disposizione di ambienti diversi, tra cui una diaeta (terrazza) porticata e della vasche. Questi elementi conferiscono a questo settore del palazzo i caratteri tipici di un ambiente idillico-sacrale, dove il giardino, seguendo schemi di età ellenistica, si estende a occupare gli spazi tra la vasca e le circonstanti construzioni aperte. Numerosi i materiali scultorei provenienti dagli scavi di questo peristilio.

(Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Palatine Museum / Museo Palatino

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Italy, Lazio, Rome Province, Rome

Palatine Museum
The Palatine Museum displays precious finds from excavations on the hill from the 19th century until the present. It was opened in around 1930, re-adapting the 19th-century Convent of the Sisters of the Visitation, in turn built on part of the imperial palace. On the underground storey of the museum the various phases of the palace foundations can be seen, whilst the upper floor hosts an exhibition of finds belonging to the sculptural decorations of the palaces, whose topography and history are also illustrated.

Museo Palatino
Il Museo Palatino espone preziosi reperti provenienti dagli scavi effettuati sul colle dal XIX secolo ad oggi. Fu allestito intorno al 1930, riadattando un edificio ottocentesco progettato come convento delle Monache della Visitazione e construito a sua volta su una parte del palazzo imperiale. Al piano seminterrato del museo sono visibili le fondazioni del palazzo nelle sue varie fasi, mentre al piano superiore sono esposti reperti appartenenti alla decorazione scultorea dei palazzi, di cui si illustra la topografia e la storia.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wilder's Artillery Position

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Tennessee, Hamilton County, Chattanooga

The summer of 1863 had been a bad one for the Confederate cause. Severe defeats at Vicksburg and Gettysburg, together with the forced retreat of the Army of Tennessee from Tullahoma prompted President Jefferson Davis to declare August 21 to be a day for fasting and prayers for the Confederacy. Throughout the camps, chaplains and some religious minded officers conducted special services for the men. Officers and civilians attended the Sunday morning church services in Chattanooga, petitioning the Almighty "who rules in the armies of heaven and among the inhabitants of the earth." Suddenly, artillery shells began crashing down from Stringer's Ridge, directly across the Tennessee River.

Colonel John T. Wilder with his mounted infantry brigade had been sent north of Chattanooga to create a diversion, while the Federal Army of the Cumberland crossed the Tennessee well to the south. "We marched up Sequachee valley ten miles" Wilder wrote "and found Hazen's brigade. Passing them we pushed on over Walden's Ridge to Poe's Tavern at the east foot of the mountain, where we captured the picket post from Bragg's army, and marched two miles down to the North Chickamauga river ... At dawn we started for Chattanooga, twelve miles away, and reached the river at 9 o'clock on the 21st of August."

Wilder then described the shelling of Chattanooga. "We put four guns of Lilly's battery (Eighteenth Indiana) on the ridge on the north side of the river as Major J.A. Connoly, One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois, with four companies dashed forward to the river's edge to capture a ferry boat that was bringing a lot of battery horses across to pasture them. A battery from the opposite shore opened upon us, to which we immediately replied, and some of our shells passing over the parapet of their battery caused consternation to the congregation assembled in the Presbyterian church a mile away, where a service was being held in favor of the Confederacy by the order of their president, [Jefferson] Davis. Two steamboats lying at the Chattanooga wharf began to fire up to enable them to escape. Two guns were trained on them and both were quickly sunk, and a pontoon bridge swinging from the foot of the island was also destroyed. The steamers, Paint Rock, a large stern-wheeler and the Dunbar, a side-wheel boat, were the boats we sunk."

"On fast day (August), while religious services were being held in Chattanooga," General Daniel H. Hill wrote, "the Yankees appeared on the opposite side of the river and commenced shelling the town without giving notice. Our pickets and scouts, if any were out, had given no warning of the Yankee approach. Some women and children were killed and wounded by the not unusual act of atrocity of our savage foe."

Wilder, like several other officers in the Army of The Cumberland remained in the local area after the war. It is ironic that seven years after he shelled the city, Wilder was elected mayor of Chattanooga.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ruth Hanly Booe 1891-1973

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Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort

(Front)

In 1919, friends Ruth Hanly and Rebecca Gooch left teaching to found Rebecca-Ruth Candy. Operating out of the barroom of the Frankfort Hotel, closed due to Prohibition, the two were successful entrepreneurs before women gained the right to vote. In 1929, Gooch sold her half of the business to the widow Booe.

(Reverse)
Booe is credited as the inventor of the "Bourbon Ball", a world-famous confection, and the "Mint Kentucky Colonel". Her business savvy saw the company through a factory fire, the Great Depression, and sugar rationing during World War II. Booe remained active in the business until 1964.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Pennsylvania Chatauqua

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Pennsylvania, Lebanon County, Mount Gretna
One of over 200 Chautauquas created as part of a late 19th , early 20th C. movement that began in 1874 at Lake Chatauqua, NY. It grew to include many programs in the arts, sciences and religion and sought to educate people of all social standings. The PA Chautauqua opened here in 1892 on land that was later purchased from industrialist Robert Coleman; over time a number of public buildings were constructed to further its mission.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Education • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lebanon County

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Pennsylvania, Lebanon County, Lebanon
Formed on February 16, 1813 from Dauphin and Lancaster counties. Named for old Lebanon Township, originally created 1729. Lebanon, county seat, is dated from 1740. Early settlers began the building of a rich agricultural and religious heritage.

(Agriculture • Colonial Era • Political Subdivisions • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Courthouse Lampposts and Courthouse Bell

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Pennsylvania, Lebanon County, Lebanon
The courthouse lampposts, original from 1816, are graciously presented by John E. and Marie Bowman Wengert in memory of their fathers respectively. Samuel K. Wengert served as a Lebanon County Commissioner from 1948-52 and Roy M. Bowman served as Lebanon City Solicitor from 1922-34 and 1936-48. The Courthouse bell, also an 1816 original, is presented by the membership of the Lebanon Hook and Ladder Company #1. Following a fire at the Courthouse in 1908, the bell was placed in use at the Hook and Ladder Station from 1911 through the 1960’s.

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union Canal Tunnel

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Pennsylvania, Lebanon County, Lebanon
Monument to first canal tunnel in America stands not far up this road. Built in 1823 under this ridge, the tunnel may be reached by a short walk down the hill on either side. The Union Canal was opened in 1827, and operated until 1884.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Families Here / Early South Frankfort

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Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort

Early Families Here
Owners whose families lived in the original house here - J.W. Denny, State Attorney General; Thomas Loughborough and son Judge Preston Loughborough, Chief U.S. Postal Inspector; Sally S. Jouett, widow of Colonel William R. Jouett; and Thomasine Jouett, granddaughter of Revolutionary War hero Jack Jouett. This Queen Anne house was built by John Meagher, 1889-90.

Early South Frankfort
This site is part of 500-acre land grant (1782) to Revolutionary War soldier George Campbell, who served with George Rogers Clark. Property has been owned by notable persons including early legislators Otho Beatty, William Murray and Baker Ewing; State Auditor Thomas Page; and lawyer philanthropist John Hanna. South Frankfort, a separate town 1810-50, included most of Campbell survey.

(Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union Canal Tunnel

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Pennsylvania, Lebanon County, Lebanon
Designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1970, this tunnel is the oldest existing transportation tunnel in the United States. At the time of its construction it was considered a work almost unknown in this country.

Dug through the ridge dividing the waters of the Quittapahilla Creek and Clark’s Run, the tunnel was originally 720 feet long. Drilling was done by hand and blasting with gunpowder through Argillaceous Slate Rock with veins of hard flinty limestone 80 feet below the summit of the ridge. Progress of the work was 5 yards lineal per week.

Work began May, 1825, and was completed in June, 1827, at a total cost of $30,464.29. The tunnel’s length was reduced to 600 feet during the canal enlargement in 1858 at a cost of $8280.

Simeon Guilford was the engineer in charge with John B. Ives as contractor.

The first boat to pass through the tunnel was the Alpha of Tulpehocken on June 12, 1827. Boats were poled through the tunnel against the ceiling while mules were led over the top of the ridge.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Frankfort State Hospital And School Cemetery

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Kentucky, Franklin, Frankfort

Front
In 1860, Governor Magoffin signed a bill establishing the Kentucky Institution for the Education and Training of Feeble-Minded Children. In the 1940s, the name changed to the Kentucky Training Home. Adults were admitted and housed with the children due to overcrowding. Capacity was 616, but rose to 1129 residents.

Reverse
By 1963, the name changed to Frankfort State Hospital and School. It closed in 1972. Many residents spent their entire lives here working as unpaid staff by maintaining the institution. More than 411 people are buried in the cemetery, with most graves marked as “unknown.”

Dedicated to the Kentuckians with disabilities who lived and died at Frankfort State Hospital.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union Canal Company of Pennsylvania

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Pennsylvania, Lebanon County, Lebanon
Proposed by William Penn in 1690 to tap the agricultural wealth of the Commonwealth and give access to a second settlement on the Susquehanna River, the Canal was the first ever surveyed in the United States. This was done by David Rittenhouse and William Smith in 1762 and 1770.

First charted as the Schuylkill and Susquehanna Canal Co., work was begun in 1792 under the direction of William Weston, an English Engineer. Several miles of the Canal were dug and 5 locks were built between Myerstown and Lebanon before financial difficulties caused the work to cease. It was this area that President George Washington visited in 1793.

The State Legislature granted permission to raise $400,000 by lottery in 1795. In two decades and fifty drawings, $33 million was awarded in prize money; but only $270,000 reached the coffers of the Canal Company. This was the largest canal lottery in the nation’s history.

Reorganized in 1811 as the Union Canal Company of Pennsylvania with Samuel Mifflin as President, work began in 1821 and the Canal was completed for the opening in 1828. A branch canal was finished in 1832, reaching from the Water Works north to Pine Grove to tap the coal fields and supply much needed water for the Summit Level. The Canal required an elaborate pumping system to keep the Summit Level from going dry. Canvass White, of Erie Canal fame, was the chief engine with Simeon Guilford as his assistant. The cost was in excess of six million dollars.

The 102 locks of the Canal were built too small (8 ½’ x 75’) and could not accommodate the larger boats from the Pennsylvania Canal and the Schuylkill Canal. Enlargement took place in the 1850’s increasing lock size to 17’x90’. A flood in June of 1862 devastated the Canal from Pine Grove to Middletown. Costly repairs, continual water problems, and the completion of the Lebanon Valley Railroad in 1857 from Reading to Harrisburg reduced the revenues and caused the closing of the Union Canal in 1885.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Atlantic Parkway

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Virginia, Princess Anne County, Virginia Beach
The Council of Garden Clubs of Virginia Beach and Princess Anne Co.

Sponsored the development of this 47 block Atlantic Parkway in 1952-1954, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Highways and the City of Virginia Beach. Many individuals and organizations in Virginia Beach and Princess Anne County contributed funds for the purchase of tees and shrubs. Those listed on the reverse side donated the equivalent cost of one complete block.

(Horticulture & Forestry • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historic Cayce Hospital Building

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Virginia, Virginia Beach
The City of
Virginia Beach
Landmarks Of
Our Nation's Begining
Historical
Register

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, GPS coordinates, map.

Kinderhaus Canna Bed

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Pennsylvania, Dauphin County, Hershey
Catherine Hershey loved cannas and the gardens at High Point included many examples. On the occasion of Fanny Hershey’s 80th birthday in 1915, Milton prepared a surprise birthday party for his mother at High Point. The event was big news in the Hershey Press, which noted, “It was one of the jolliest breakfasts ever served. Mrs. Hershey was of course, the chief guest and presiding at the table was her son, while all around were the happy youngsters from the Hershey Industrial School, their appetites keen, their voices musical with merriment.” Afterwards, Mr. Hershey told them to hide themselves in the big canna bed (as see in this photograph) and let the photographer take their pictures. The result was “a remarkable photograph in which flowers, urchins, and sunshine are delightfully combined.”

In June of 1912, when the youngest students moved from The Homestead to Kinderhaus, their new home contained a canna bed similar to that at High Point. When the Department of School History relocated from Founders Hall to Kinderhaus in April of 2007, the photograph on the left was used to create a new canna bed in close proximity to the original bed as seen on the right.

(Inscription under the photo in the upper left)
Hershey Industrial School boys hiding in the Canna bed.

(Inscription on the photo in the lower left)
First students at Kinderhaus: June 1, 1912.

(Inscription under the photo in the upper right)
Fanny Hershey’s 80th birthday, breakfast at the Mansion: September 4, 1915.

(Inscription under the photo in the lower right)
Girls from Student Home Brookside: June 1, 2012.

(Education • Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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