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Brown's Ferry Federal Road

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Tennessee, Hamilton County, Chattanooga

Welcome to Moccasin Bend National Archaeological District, a unit of Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park. Prehistoric and historic sites located on Moccasin Bend reveal varying stories of human occupation spanning 12,000 years. However, two events occurred over the Brown's Ferry Federal Road trace that shaped American history as we know it.

Your journey begins here as you embark on a unique 1.2-mile, round trip hike that traverses a portion of the road trace that emigrating groups of Cherokee walked over during the Trail of Tears in 1838 and Union army supply wagons rumbled over during the Civil War in 1863.

For your safety, please stay on the designated path as you explore this important physical and cultural piece of history. Keep in mind, this is a foot path only. Bicycles and other vehicles should remain on the paved roads. Horses are not allowed. Your pets are welcomed, but be sure to keep them leashed at all times.

Brown's Ferry Federal Road hours: 6 a.m. to sunset.

For more information regarding this unit, please contact Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park at 706-866-9241 or visit the park website at www.nps.gov/chch.

In case of Emergency, dial 911.

(Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Santa Cruz Church

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Arizona, Tucson

Santa Cruz Church
built by
Manuel G. Flores
Construction began November 13, 1916
under
His excellency Henry Granjon
Bishop of Tucson
Established as parish February 12, 1919

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

West Branch St. Regis River

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New York, Saint Lawrence County, Parishville
The St. Regis River is fed by abundant water cascading from the northern Adirondack mountain slopes and dropping rapidly toward the St. Lawrence River. The clean, cold water, rushing over the rocky streambeds and bedrock outcrops, creates scenic beauty and sustains a healthy fishery.

West Branch St. Regis Native Fish.
Common name - Genus and Species
Brown Bullhead - Ictalurus nebulosus
Brown Trout - Salmo trutta
Brook Trout - Salvelinus fontinalis
Common Shiner - Lixulis cornutus
Creek Chub - Semotilus atromaculatis
Cutlip Minnow - Exoglossum maxillingua
Eastern Blacknose Dace - Rhinichthys atratulus
Fallfish - Semotilus corporalis
Fantail Darter - Etheostoma flabellare
Golden Shiner - Notemigonus crysoleucas
Longnose Dace - Rhinichthys cataractae
Northern Redbelly Dace - Phoxinus eos
Pumpkinseed - Lepomis gibbosus
Rock Bass - Ambloplites rupestris
Smallmouth Bass - Micropterus dolomieui
Walleye - Sander itreus
White Sucker - Catostomus commersoni
Yellow Perch - Perca flavescens

Most commonly caught: Creek Chub, Longnose Dace, Rock Bass, Brook Trout, and Brown Trout.

St. Regis Pond - The Source of the West Branch is protected as part of the St. Regis Canoe Wilderness.

Sylvan Falls (Private) - One of many falls and cascades on the river, located about 7 miles upstream and 215 feet higher in elevation above Parishville.

Allen Falls

The West Branch enters the Middle Branch to form the Greater St. Regis River at elevation 300 feet above sea level.
The river meanders 23.5 miles down to its confluence with the St. Lawrence River in Canada, 3 miles north of Hogansburg, at elevation 155 feet above sea level.

By the Numbers.
Total drainage agrea - 173,415 Acres (271 Square Miles)
West Branch Length - 70.5 miles
Total elevation drop - 1,285 feet
Mean Water Flow - 340 Cubic Feet per Second
Data from USCG Gaging Station 04268800.

Profile from Source to Confluence.
St. Regis Pond, 1,620'
Augerhole Falls, 1,520'
High Falls, 1,460'
Sylvan Falls, 1,100'
Jones Road, 970'
Parishville Flow, 885'
Allen Falls Reservoir, 742'
Allen Falls, 640'
West Stockholm, 390'
Winthrop, 300'

Geology
Approximately 1.2 billion years ago North American and African crustal plates collided, uplifting great domes of rock, and creating the ancient Adirondack Mountains. Millions of years of subsequent uplifts, erosion, and sedimentation followed. Glaciers that covered the metamorphic rock for thousands of years receded about 12,000 years ago, scuplting the mountains and streams that form the rivers of today.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Clarke County War Memorial

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Mississippi, Clarke County, Quitman


Lest We Forget

Dedicated
To the Memory
Of
All Persons
Of
Clarke County, Mississippi
Who Gave Their Lives
In the Service
Of
Our Country
World War I Army
Bartee, George A. PVT • Boutwell, Lewis L. PVT • Butler, Brist H. PVT • Goodman, William C. PVT • Graham, Ira W. PVT • Harger, Linton L. PVT • Hayes, Will PVT • Kennedy, William S. PVT • Lawson, Erma W. PVT • Long, Willis PVT • McKenney, James E. PVT • Mixon, Thomas J. PVT • Nichols, Robert L. PVT • Patrick, Allen PVT • Plummer, Henry PVT • Powell, George W. PVT • Rogers, Simm PVT • Smith, Evan M. PVT • Smith, Hugh B. PVT • Stallings, Al H. SGT • Stallings, Bryan CPL

World War I Navy
Graham, William C. PHM 2/C • Merrell, John H. Jr. S 2/C

World War II Army
Allen, Roy A. SGT • Blakney, Jackson PFC • Boman, John E. PFC • Bonner, James W. 1st LT • Boutwell, Rufus L. SSGT • Butler, Chester G. TEC 4 • Campbell, John C. CPL • Granford, B.M. PFC • Davidson, William C. PFC • Evans, Thomas J. Sr. PVT • Felkner, William H. PFC • Fleming Max E. TSGT • Green, Robert E. PVT • Hailes, Howard R. Flt O • Hinson, Bryant L. PFC • Huckaba, Robert W. SSGT • Hughes, Otto PVT • Jay, George L. TEC 5 • Jones, Willie PVT • Lovett, Charlie Mac, Jr. PVT • Lucas, Billie PVT • Kitchens, Fredrick W. PVT • Manley, Carnell PFC • Magee, Sceal PVT • McCoy, Robert L. PVT • McKinnon, D.A. Jr. CAPT • McKinnon, Kenneth R. TSGT • McLemore, T.J. PFC • McLendon, Geddie F. PVT • McMullen, Stanley N. PFC • McPherson, Homer H. PFC • Miller, Milton H. SGT • Moore, John R. CPL • Mosely, Hubert E. PVT • Riley Lemuel Add TEC3 • Runions, James M. PVT • Speed, Q.C.L. CPL • Spencer, Less PVT • Stewart, Ernest PVT • Williams, Curtis L. PVT

World War II Navy and Marine Corps
Adams, William C. CPL • Arrington, John F. PVT • Haywood, William C. CPL • Hollingsworth, Alton F. S 1/C • Jones, Jerry MA 3/C • McKee, Arthur L. TM 3/C • Kelly, Henry H. S 2/C • Mallard, Joe R. LT JG • Melton, Carl G. ARM 2/C • Reid, Leo J. S 1/C • Ward, James B. A 1/C • Weeks, Robert H. CGM

Korean War
Beard, Beverly R. SGT USMC • Fairchild, Lofton B. SGT USAF • Goldman, Johnny W. PFC USA • Terry, Hubert SGT USA

Vietnam War
Hamburg, McArthur LCPL USMC • Kennedy, William M. SP4 USA • King, James R. CPL USA • Sumlin, Thomas E. PFC USA • Williams, Bobby R. SSGT USA • Willia, Howard D. PFC USA • Donald, Harman Odell Jr. CAPT USA

Iraqi Freedom
Heidelberg, Damian L. PFC • McNail, Robert A. SPC • Pugh, Shane SGT • Lee, Dustin J. CPL

(Military) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Clarke County Civil War Monument

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Mississippi, Clarke County, Quitman


To the Confederate
Soldiers
Though Your Ranks
Now Fast are Melting
and the Stars and
Bars are Furled,
Yet the South
Will Live Forever
In the Glory
Of Your World.

Clarke County’s
Tribute to
The Noble Men
Who Marched
Neath the Flag
Of the Stars
And Bars and
Were Faithful
To the End.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Caunus

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Turkey, Muǧlai Province, Ortaca (district), near Daylan
English:
" ...Harpagos, after subduing, Ionia, make an expedition against the Carians, Cautions and Lycians... " This statement informs us of the significance of Caunus with respect to ancient geography and political relations during the third quarter of the 6th century B.C. Caria and Lycia were large territories including many cities and villages and the name of Caunus is mentioned as another territory between these two adjacent territories. It points to the fact that Caunus was the center of a territory of the same name, which included many cities and villages under its control. Despite the fact that the Cautions claimed for themselves a Cretan origin, the founders of the city were indigenous to Anatolia. Besides their language, customs and traditions, with their own deities they were quite distinct from their neighbours and from another indigenous Anatolian group. This is further supported by Caunus's earliest local name, Kbid, which is documented from archaeological finds and this local non-Hellenic name, was in use until the end of the 6th century B.C. The city was renamed Caunus directly following its colonization by the Hellenes, this was the case with other cities in Anatolia. After the King's Peace Treaty in 387 B.C., Caunus came under the rule of a local dynasty, the Hecatomnids, who presented themselves as Perian satraps (Governors). And Caunus became a strategically, economically and politically prosperous Carian city. The city has a long and important history during the Christian Byzantine Period. During the late antiquity, Caunus remained within the Eastern Rome Empire and adhered to the Lycian Church until the middle of Medieval Period. Beginning from this period, Caunus was called by the name: Hagia Caunus. The reason why the people of Caunus had almost a "greenish complexion" enough to cause them to be described as "unhealthy" was due to malaria.

Turkish:
Herodot, "...Harpagos İonya'yı yönetimi altına aldıktan sonra Karyalılar, Kaunoslular ve Likyalılar üzerine yürüdü..." diye yazmıştır. Bu pasaj, İÖ 6. yüzyılın üçünü çeyreǧi icindeki Pers savaşlar sırasında Kaunos'un tarihi coǧrafyası ve siyasi önemi hakkında bizi bilgilendirmektedir: Kary ve Likya berçok şehirleri ve köyleri içine alan geniş bölgelerdir ve Kaunos ismi bu iki bölge arasında ayrı bir bölge adı olarak geçmektedir. Bu da, o zamanlar Kaunos'un kendine baǧı şehirleri ve köyleri de içine alan ve kendi adını taşıyan bir bölgenin merkezi olduǧu sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kaunoslular, dendilerinin Girt'ten geldiklerini söyleseler de, kentin kuruculari yerku Anadolu insanıdır, Çünkü yalnızca kendilerine ait tanrıları, dilleri, adet ve görenekleri ile komşularından ayrılmakta ve Anadolu'nun bir başka "yerli hakkı" olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Kenti kuranların yerli Anadolu insanı olduǧu, arkeolojik buluntularla desteklenen onun yerel ismi ile de belgelenmiştir: Kbid İÖ 4 yüzyılın sonlarına kadar kullanımda kalan bu isim, İÖ 6 yüzyılda Kaunos olarak geçmesi kentin Helenler tarafından kolonize edilmesinin hemen ardıdan diğer Anadolu kentlerinde uyguladıkları gibi yerli isminin deǧiştirilmiş olmasıyla açıklanabilir. İÖ 387 yılında Helenler ile imzalanan Kral Barışi'ndan sonra Kaunos, kendilerin satraplar olarak tanımlayan yerel bin sülalenin, Hekatomnidler sülalesinin yönetimi altına girmiştir Ve Kaunos, hem stratejik hem siyasi ve hen de ekonomik açıdan daha da zenginleşen bir Karya kentidir. Kentin Hıristiyanlık Çaǧi'nda da uzun ve onemli bir tarihi geçmişi vardır. Geç Antik Dönem'den başlayarak Orta Çaǧ'ın içlerine kadar Doǧu Roma ve Likya Kilisesi Eyaleti'ne baǧlı kalıştır. Bu dönemle birlikte kent, artık iki isimle anılmaktadır: Hagia Kaunos Kent, bütün tarihi boyunca sıtma hastaliǧınin ıstırabını çekmiştir. Kabulenmeseler de, kendilerine "hastalıkılı" dedirtecek kadar "yeşil benizli" olmalarının nedeni, bu sıtma hastalıǧı olmalıdır.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Buena Vista / Todd House

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Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort

(Front)
Buena Vista
One-half mile south is the site of two-story frame house best known as the summer residence of Robert S. Todd (1791-1849), father of first lady Mary Todd Lincoln. The large family took refuge here from the heat and cholera of summertime in Lexington. As a child, Mary Todd Lincoln spent many summers here.

Presented by Cliff and Joan Howard.

(Reverse)
Todd House
Mary Todd Lincoln later brought her own sons on visits to her stepmother Elizabeth Humphreys. Sometimes the future president, Abraham Lincoln, was able to join them, traveling by rail to nearby Duckers Station. The house was razed in 1947. Only a remnant of the stone spring house remains. Over.

Presented by Todd and Lincoln Friends.

(Man-Made Features • Politics) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lexington and Ohio Railroad

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Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort
Site of the first railroad west of the Alleghenies. Built 1833-1834. Flat iron rails were pinned to quarried limestone blocks. The twenty-three mile run between Lexington and Frankfort required four hours.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Winnie A. Scott Hospital

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Kentucky, Franklin County, Frankfort
The Women's Club Hospital Company, with community support, established a hospital here on December 26, 1915. It was named for Winnie A. Scott, a local teacher instrumental in its founding. The facility was the only Frankfort hospital serving African Americans until desegregation of King's Daughters Hospital in 1959.

Presented by Frankfort Civic Organizations and the Kentucky African American Heritage Commission

(African Americans • Man-Made Features • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lockheed T-33A-5 Shooting Star

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Kentucky, Warren County, near Bowling Green
General Dougherty is a native of Glasgow, KY, having been born there November 15, 1920. He graduated from Western Kentucky University then received a law degree from the University of Louisville. Honorary degrees have been bestowed upon him from several universities.
From service with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, he entered the military as an aviation cadet, receiving his pilot wings in March, 1943. During World War II his duties included crew and instructor pilot assignments with B-17 and B-29 aircraft. Three decades of intense involvement in the Cold War found General Dougherty in leadership positions, both nationally and internationally. In 1972, General Dougherty was promoted to his four-star grade and assigned as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied powers Europe, returning to the United States in 1974 to take command of the Strategic Air Command. Following retirement in 1977, General Dougherty was a senior statesman and advisor in military circles and was the Executive Director of the Air Force Association. He died in 2007 and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Among his decorations are: the Defense Distinguished Service Medal; Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters; Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters; the Bronze Star; and the Joint Service Commendation Medal.

Lockheed T-33A-5 — SN 51-8786
  This aircraft is the trainer version of the F-80, which was the USAF's first operational jet fighter. Also known as the "T-Bird", this trainer version was flown regularly by General Dougherty, particularly while serving at the Pentagon. The T-Bird on display came to the USAF in 1953. After serving with a Combat Crew Training Wing at a Nellis AFB, NV, it was assigned to the 1st Fighter Wing at Selfridge Air National Guard Base, MI. It was then placed on static display at the Yankee Air Museum in Ypsilanti, MI. In January 2011, 27 years later, it was loaned to Warren County for restoration and placement in Aviation Heritage Park.

This aircraft is on loan from the National Museum of the United States Air Force

Crew: 2
Length: 37 ft 9 in
Wingspan: 38 ft 10.5 in
Height: 11 ft 8 in
Powerplant:
 1 Allison J33A35 turbojet
Weight:
Empty: 8,300 lb
Max: 15,100 lb
Max Speed: 600 mph
Cruise speed: 455 mph
Range:
 1,275 miles
Armament:
  None

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

General Dynamics F-111F

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Kentucky, Warren County, near Bowling Green
 
Arnold L. "Arnie" Franklin, Jr. was born in Franklin, KY, and his family moved to Bowling Green, KY, when he was 10 years old. He graduated from Bowling Green High School in 1962 and Western Kentucky University in 1966. He joined the USAF immediately thereafter, completing Undergraduate Pilot Training in 1968.
 During his Air Force career, he accumulated 3,500 flying hours, with a total of over 780 combat hours while flying OV-10s and F-111s in Southeast Asia and RAF Lakenheath, England. Annie held numerous command positions, including F-111 wing commander, and vice commander of Air University
 He earned several military awards and decorations, including the Legion of Merit with one oak leaf cluster, the Distinguished Flying Cross with one oak leaf cluster, the Meritorious Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster, and the Air Medal with 15 oak leaf clusters.

OPERATION COLORADO CANYON
 At 0200, 15 April 1986, Lieutenant Colonel Arnie Franklin, call sign Remit 31, led 18 General Dynamics F-111Fs out of the 48th Tactical Fighter Wing, stationed at Royal Air Force Station, Lakenheath, England, on a mission bombing three targets in and around Tripoli, the capital of Libya. The U.S. Navy simultaneously bombed two target areas near Benghazi, on the eastern shore of of the Gulf of Sidra. The objective of the mission was to demonstrate national resolve to combat state sponsored terrorism. The mission served as a warning against continued Libyan-sponsored terrorist attacks around the world. The grueling mission lasted more than 14 hours with numerous air-to-air refuelings.
  The F-111F aircraft that Lt Col Franklin flew on the mission, tail number 70-2390, is on display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. The aircraft on display here at Aviation Heritage Park also participated in the raid, flying on Franklin's wing, with call sign Remit 33. It went on to participate in Desert Storm, flying 56 sorties in 46 nights. This aircraft was retired from active duty and flown to the bone yard in Tucson, Arizona on 29 July 1996, where it remained until taken out of storage by Aviation Heritage Park in 2012. It is painted as it looked when it launched on El Dorado Canyon.

This aircraft is on loan from the National Museum of the United States Air Force

Crew: 2 (pilot and weapons system officer)
Length: 73 ft 6 in
Wingspan:
Spread: 63 ft
Swept: 32 ft
Height: 17 ft
Weight:
Empty: 49,500 lb
Full fuel: 82,800 lb
Max take-off weight: 100,000 lb
Powerplant: 2 X Pratt & Whitney TF-30-P-100 turbofans
  Military thrust: 17,900 lbf each
  Max afterburner: 25,100 lbf each
Max Speed: Mach 2.5 at altitude
Combat radius: 1,330 miles
Ferry range: 4,200 miles
Service ceiling: 66,000 ft
Armament: 20mm M61 Vulcan 6-barreled gatling cannon
  Armament capacity: A mix of up to 24 conventional or nuclear weapons mounted externally on hard points or internally in weapons bay.

(Air & Space • War, 1st Iraq & Desert Storm • War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Northrop T-38A(N) Talon

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Kentucky, Warren County, near Bowling Green

  Col. Wilcutt is a native of of Russellville, Logan County, Kentucky, having been born there October 31, 1949. He graduated from Southern High School, Louisville, Kentucky in 1967 and earned a B.A. in mathematics from Western Kentucky University in 1974. In 1976, Terry was commissioned in the United States Marine Corps and earned his aviator's wings in 1978. A graduate of the Naval Fighter Weapons School (Topgun) and the United States Naval Test Pilot School, Wilcutt has amassed 6,600 hours in more than 30 different aircraft. Wilcutt's numerous assignments included stints as an instructor and as a test pilot/project officer in a wide variety of projects and classified programs.
  After selection by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in January 1990, he became an astronaut in July of 1991. A veteran of four space flights with over 1,007 hours in space, Wilcutt served as pilot on two missions and as commander on two missions, totaling 665 earth orbits while traveling 17.1 million miles. One of his technical assignments was service as NASA Director of Operations at the Yuri Gargarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. His current assignment in 2014 is Director, Safety & Mission Assurance, Johnson Space Center.
  While holding memberships in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and the Association of Space Explorers, Terry has garnered many special honors, including the NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal, the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, the NASA Exceptional Service Medal, the Distinguished Flying Cross and the American Astronautical Society Flight Achievement Award. His foreign recognition for outstanding achievements in the field of exploration of outer space include the V.M. Komarov Diploma and the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI) space award.


Northrop T-38A(N) — SN 66-8381
  This aircraft, known as the "Talon", was the world's first supersonic trainer. The first flight by a Talon was on March 10, 1959. The aircraft on display (tail number 901) was delivered by Northrop directly to NASA for addition to its fleet of Talons. The speed and high performance of the Talon makes it invaluable for astronaut training, while providing support as a "chase plane" and as the aircraft of choice for astronaut travel.
 The aircraft you see in front of you (#901) represents the history of America's manned space flight program. All of the astronauts in the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs flew this aircraft. Of the six lunar landings in the Apollo program, all who have walked on the moon, have flown in the aircraft on display! Astronauts familiar to you - Neil Armstrong, Gordon Cooper, "Gus" Grissom, Robert L. "Hoot" Gibson, John Glenn, Story Musgrave, Alan Shepard and "Terry" Wilcutt represent only a few of the famous astronauts who flew #901.
 After being declared surplus by NASA, #901 was acquired by the Commonwealth of Kentucky through the Government Services Administration and made available to Aviation Heritage Park for restoration and display.

Crew: 2
Length: 46 ft 4 in
Wingspan: 25ft 3 in
Height: 12 ft 10 in
Powerplant: 2 General Electric J-85-GE-5
  Turbojet engines w/afterburners
  Max Thrust: 2,900 lbs each
Weight: Empty – 7,200 lb
   Max take-off weight – 12,700 lbs
Max Speed: Mach 1.08 at sea level
  Mach 1.8 (858 mph) at 30,000 ft
Rate of climb: 33,600 ft/min
Service ceiling: 55,000 ft
Range: 1,140 miles
Armament: None

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Home for Ranch Families

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Arizona, Pima County, Vail
The "New Ranch House" was built in the 1950s by the Boice family for Frank Boice's oldest son Frank (Pancho). It was here that Pancho and his wife Sherry raised their four children: Steve, Kitty, Sherry, and Carol.

Mac and Billy Donaldson and their three children, Alexa, Sam, and Renee also lived here. Mac's father John Donaldson ranched the Empire from 1975-2009, in partnership with Mac and his grandson Sam.

When the Bureau of Land Management acquired the Empire Ranch in 1988, the New Ranch House served intermittently as a field station for BLM staff working at the ranch. In the future, this building will be rehabilitated for use as part of the BLM's administrative programs at Empire Ranch.

Captions:
Frank Stephen (Pancho Boice)
Sherry Bailey Boice
Kitty, Steve and Sherry Boice with Burt Lancaster, ca. 1955, New Ranch House under construction in rear.
Mac and Billie Donaldson
Mac, Sam, Colton and John Donaldson


(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Via Nova

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Italy, Lazio, Rome Province, Rome

The name Via Nova is generally applied to the stretch of road that runs in a straight line along the north-west slope of the Palatine, almost parallel to the Via Sacra. All the literary sources that mention the Via Nova date to the Republican and Augustan periods, but the paved road that can be seen today relates to urban developments in the early imperial period, probably in the reign of Nero. Recent excavations have confirmed that the paved road was laid over earlier remains, specifically a late Republican domus (house).

Via Nova viene comunemente definito questo tracciato stradale che, quasi parallelo alla via Sacra, attraversa con andamento rettilineo la pendice NO del Palatino. Si deve rilevare che mentre tutte le fonti che parlano della Via Nova si datano ad età repubblicana ed augustea, la attuale strada basolata è riconducibile ad una sistemazione urbanistica di prima età imperiale, probabilmente neroniana. Infatti scavi recenti hanno accertato che la via basolata copriva fasi precedenti, precisamente una domus di età tardo repubblicana.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Buildings Opening Onto The Via Nova

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Italy, Lazio, Rome Province, Rome

Buildings Opening Onto The Via Nova
The buildings that fronted the imperial Via Nova date from the Flavian to the Severan period. They were mostly shops and service structures, but there were also two-storey homes with traces remaining of wall-paintings and fragments of black and white mosaic floors. Basins and benches for work purposes found on lower floors provide evidence for the utilitarian function of some of the buildings. The arches that spanned the street can be dated to the Severan period, and must have acted as supports, to buttress the upper floors.

Ambienti Aperti Sulla Via Nova
Le construzioni che si aprono sulla via Nova imperiale presentano fasi che vanno dall'età flavia all'età severiana. Si tratta per lo più di botteghe e ambienti di servizio, ma anche di abitazioni a due piani che conservano resti di pitture e lacerti di pavimenti in mosaico bianco-nero. La destinazione untilitaria di alcune delle construzioni è attestata dalla presenza nei piani inferiori di vasche e banconi, certamente utilizzati per attività lavorative. Gli archi che attraversano la strada, databili ad età severiana, dovevano avere una funzione sostruttiva e di contrafforti dei piani superiori.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Parishville

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New York, Saint Lawrence County, Parishville
David Parish, a wealthy European merchant, purchased a 200,000 acre tract of wilderness here on speculation in 1808. A town would soon be formed here to take advantage of the power of the St. Regis, and eventually given the name of "Parishville."

Parishville's industry saw its peak in the mid to late 19th century. A combination of factors led to the end of this era, including a series of disasterous fires, and the absence of the railroad in Parishville. Still, the river continues to be an important factor in the life of this small town, as the focus turned to hydropower and water recreation.

Log Transport.
A log drive on the West Branch of the St. Regis River. The men directing the logs, known as "Log Drivers" or "River Pigs," are seen with their pike poles or peaveys, which were long poles with fixed metal points and hooks.

Water Powered Industries.
One of the many timber-related factories and mills beyond the Gorge. This sawmill was owned by Simeon Clark and his son Pliny, who owned many water powered factories in Parishville, working local lumber.

Views of the factories along the West Branch of the St. Regis River. There were 14 factories/mills beyond the Gorge in the early history of Parishville, including rake factories, butter tub factories, starch factories, grist mills, cabinet shops and distilleries.

Some items produced by Parishville Mills. Sugar tub. Rake. Grain Shovel.

Birdseye View of Parishville c1870.
An artist's conception of the mill complex as it might have looked from the north. The town was built around the river and its potential for industrial power.

Hydropower & Recreation.
Recreational boaters enjoy the flatwater and rapids above the dam.
Aerial Photo circa 1945.
The Parishville hydropower facility was developed and built in 1925. Water falls a total of 143 feet in elevation through a 2,545 foot metal pipeline which drives a 2.5 megawatt generator capable of generating enough electricity to power 1,200 homes for a year. Together, the Parishville and Allen Falls projects generate over 21,400,000 kilowatt hours of clean energy per year.

1800-1870
David Parish's plans for development initially focused on clearing roads and making land available for farming, which began in 1809, but his long term plans focused on the potential for industry along the West Branch of the St. Regis River. By 1811, a saw mill and a grist mill were both erected, and powered by the river. Over the next several decades, a dozen more factories were established along the river, bringing in a sizeable population of settlers and their families.

1870-1925
By the end of the 19th century, the industrial era in Parishville was coming to an end. The absence of the railroad put Parishville at a disadvantage to other areas of St. Lawrence County that did have available rail transport. A series of fires, beginning with the devastating fire of July 20, 1897, left the industrial section of Parishville in a state of destruction after which many factories and mills were never rebuilt.

1925-present
The use of the river in the last 100 years has taken quite a shift from the days of industry. The introduction of the automobile made it much easier for the working residents of Parishville to seek employment in neighboring towns, and the river was becoming more of a recreational treasure rather than a resource for industrial power. St. Lawrence County Utilities became the primary user of the river as a power source in Parishville when it built the dam and hydro station above the Gorge in 1925.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

To All Who Served

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New York, Chautauqua County, Dunkirk

To all who served
so proudly in the
Vietnam Conflict
1961-1975

(War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The 'State Agora'

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Turkey, İzmir Province, Selçuk (district), near Selçuk
English:
Probably in the 15th century B.C., an enclosure was set up in the saddle between the two city mountains; at the beginning of the 1“century A.D. it covered an area of 160 x 58 m. The area was surrounded by porticoes on three sides. The location was bordered at the west by an ashlar wall, against which numerous individual monuments were erected. At the latest since the time of Emperor Augustus (27 B.C. - A.D. 14), the `State Agora' with its surrounding buildings constituted the political centre of the city.

Turkish:
Şehrin her iki yanındaki dağların arasındaki çukur alanda olasılıkla İ.Ö. 1. yüzyılda yapılan meydan, I.S. 1. yüzyılın başında 160 x 58 m'|ık bir alanı kapsamaktaydı. Meydanın uç yanı sütunlu galerilerle çevrilmiştir. Batı sınırını, kesme bloklardan yapılmış ve pek çok anıtın dayandığı bir duvar oluşturur. En geç imparator Augustus (İ.Ö. 27 - İ.S. 14) Dönemi'nden itibaren 'Devlet Agorası', etrafındaki diğer yapılarla beraber şehrin politik merkezi haline gelmiştir.

German: To read the German text, click on the marker image to enlarge it.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Bouleuterion

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Turkey, İzmir Province, Selçuk (district), Selçuk
English:
The Bouleuterion housed the meetings of the council (boule) as well as musical performances and contests. The originally roofed semi-circular auditorium is bonded to a stage wall. The building was erected around A.D. 100. In A.D. 150, Publius Vedius Antoninus sponsored a new stage building which displayed a portrait gallery of the Imperial family and letters of Emperor Antoninus Pius (A.D. 138-161).

Turkish:
Bouleuterion, kent meclisinin (boule) oturumlarına ev sahipliği yaptığı gibi, müzik gösterileri ve” yarışmaların da yapıldığı bir mekandı. Ozgün halinde üzeri kapalı olan, yarım daire biçimindeki oditoryum (dinIeme/-izleme salonu) bir sahne duvarı ile bağlanmıştır.
Yaklaşık olarak I.S. 100'de inşa edilmiş olan bina, I.S. 150 civarında Publius Vedius Antoninus tarafından bağışlanan yeni bir sahne duvarına kavuşmuştur, bu duvarda imparator ailesinin portreleri ve Imparator Antoninus Pius'un (İ.S. 138-161) mektupları sergilenmekteydi.

German: To read the German text, click on the marker image to enlarge it.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Camp Wildcat and the Wilderness Road

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Kentucky, Laurel County, near East Bernstadt
When European colonists began to explore westward from Virginia, they saw this as a wild and untamed land. Their settlements in the east provided them with great comfort and safety compared to what they encountered here. To them, this was a wilderness.

As wild as the new land was, however, the explorers did not have to find their way completely unaided. They found trails made by native people, as well as traces beaten down by herds of bison and other large animals. When Dr. Thomas Walker’s party entered what is now Kentucky through a pass, or a “gap,” in the Cumberland Mountain range, they followed an existing trail known as the War Road or Warriors’ Path. Later explorers and colonists also used this trail to pass through the Cumberland Gap.

In 1775, Daniel Boone blazed a trail into Kentucky, using parts of the Warrior’s Path and other trails along his route. “Boone’s Trace” passes about three miles east of here. In the years that followed, thousands of settlers traveled Boone’s Trace, tripling the population of Kentucky by the time it became the 15th state in 1792.

In 1795, the new Kentucky legislature passed an act to open a wagon road from Crab Orchard, Kentucky, to Virginia through the Cumberland Gap. The new road followed portions of Boone’s Trace, but took a different route through this area, then known as the Rockcastle Hills. We now call this route “The Wilderness Road.”

The Wilderness Road was the most direct route for commerce traveling both into and out of Kentucky during the early 1800s. Other routes to the West were opened in the later part of the century, but the road played an important part in the Civil War. Confederate strategists saw it as a way to gain access into the populated Bluegrass region, and ultimately, the territory north of the Ohio River. For the Union, it was a route to the South and the Confederate’s supply line.

In the late summer of 1861, Union forces set up a camp at the junction of the Wilderness Road and the road leading to Richmond and Lexington. They named their camp “Wildcat.” When Confederate troops attacked the hilltop camp on October 21, 1861, they found it impossible to rout the Union soldiers from the Rockcastle Hills. Confederate General Zollicoffer later described Camp Wildcat as “a natural fortification, almost inaccessible.”

The Wilderness Road and Camp Wildcat continued to play a role throughout the war. The camp was used by both Confederate and Union forces, as control of this portion of the road shifted between the two armies.

(Exploration • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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