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Colonial Shipbuilder's Tools

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Pennsylvania, Bucks County, Morrisville

Shipbuilder's tools in the 16th and 17th Century were primitive but generally efficient. Shipbuilding was big business with an estimated 300 sailing ships built at the Port of Philadelphia between 1670 and 1710.

(Colonial Era • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


William Penn and His Indian Neighbors

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Pennsylvania, Bucks County, Morrisville

[William] Penn was fond of his Indian neighbors and they returned the compliment. He treated them as equals and they were as welcome in the rich halls of Pennsbury as any of his other guests. The Lenape were constantly amazed by the Governor's vigor and strength during exploration trips he sometimes made along the Delaware River and its tributaries.
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Colonists borrowed ideas freely from the Indians along the coast and developed the above types of boats to transport materials and people, and even.....to provide a place for living.

(Exploration • Native Americans • Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lenni-Lenape (Delaware) Indians

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Pennsylvania, Bucks County, Morrisville

The Delaware Indians were Algonquins. Their name, Lenni-Lenape meant "real men" or "native men". They loved the rich land along the river and the men hunted the forests, the women tilled the fertile soil and the children played along the banks of the beautiful river. These are Lenape sites along the [Delaware] river. The present site of Trenton would be just above the top of our map, Philadelphia just below the bottom frame. We are showing about eight miles of river front with Indian sites surrounding Pennsbury in lower Bucks County.

(Colonial Era • Environment • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Penn's Personal Sailing Barge

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Pennsylvania, Bucks County, Morrisville

The barge was typical of luxurious 17th century rivercraft. It would have been equally at home in the Seine, the Thames or the Delaware Rivers.

Length Overall: 27.6
Length Waterline: 25.3
Beam: 5.0 ¾
Draft Loaded: 1.3 ½
Displacement: 2330 lbs.
Built by: Southwest Boat Corporation
Southwest Harbor, Me. (July 1968)
Designed by: Charles Wittholz
315 Lexington Drive
Silver Spring, Maryland
Project Architects: Wassel & Pyros

(Colonial Era • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Penn

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Pennsylvania, Bucks County, Morrisville

To celebrate the 300th birthday of Pennsylvania
Founded by William Penn
Presented to the Citizens of the Commonwealth
through the generosity of the Grundy Foundation

October 1982

(Colonial Era • Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Grenville M. Dodge

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Iowa, Pottawattamie County, Council Bluffs
Through the efforts of General Dodge, as Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad, and the foresight of Abraham Lincoln, Council Bluffs became the hub of the first Transcontinental Railroad.

(Railroads & Streetcars • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Blair Family and the Civil War

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Silver Spring
In his declaration of war on April 15, 1861, President Lincoln made an urgent request:
“I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate and aid said effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our National Union, and the perpetuity of popular government; and to redress wrongs already long enough endured.”
Every member of the Blair family earnestly answered this call to duty.

When President Lincoln filled his Cabinet positions, he appointed Montgomery Blair U.S. Postmaster General. Until his resignation in September 1864, Blair was responsible for ensuring that postal routes remained open in southern post offices still loyal to the Union, as well as facilitating the establishment of free city postal delivery, the adoption of a money order system, and the use of railway mail cars during the Civil War. His placement in the Cabinet was strategic, as Blair was instrumental in keeping Maryland in the Union.

Montgomery Blair, a West Point graduate, had hoped to serve as Secretary of War. Such a title might put him in closer contact with his younger brother, Missouri Congressman Frank Blair Jr., a Union General who actively participated in combat throughout the South, including Sherman's March to the Sea. For his efforts, General U.S. Grant said of Frank Blair, “There was no man braver than he, nor was there any who obeyed all orders of his superior in rank with more unquestioning alacrity.

Throughout his tenure as President, Lincoln relied on Francis P. Blair, Sr. as his “private counselor.” In an attempt to bring the rebellion to an end, “Father Blair” went on an authorized mission to Virginia, twice, to secure a peace treaty from Jefferson Davis. The results of these operations were less than successful: “Francis P. Blair, Sr., returned from Richmond, and brought with him precisely what sensible men expected — that is just nothing.” In his own words, Blair concurred — calling himself a ‘total failure.

Only a few months after Blair Sr. returned, General Robert E. Lee would surrender in Appomattox and the war would conclude on April 9, 1865. The sweet taste of victory was short-lived as Lincoln was assassinated less than a week later. In her mourning, former First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln sought solace from Elizabeth Blair Lee and her family: “Remember me most truly, to your brother, Judge (Montgomery) Blair, and your dear father & mother & all friends.”

(Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 13 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lachine: Gateway to the Northwest

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Quebec, Montreal (region), Lachine
English:
The St. Lawrence River’s Sault-Saint-Louis rapids constitued (sic) an impassable barrier. Until a canal was built, canoes and bateaux had to set out from Lachine to…
• explore the west of the country,
• conduct the fur trade
• defend the territory.
“… never, Champlain exclaimed in 1603, had I seem such a furiously raging torrent of water… “

French:
Les rapides of Sault-Saint-Louis constituent un obstacle infranchissable sur le Saint-Laurent. Tant et aussi longtemps que le fleuve n’est pas canalisé, canots et «batteaux» doivent partier de Lachine pour…
• explore l’Ouest du pays,
• exercer le commerce des fourrures,
• défendre le territoire. «(…) jamais, s’écrie Champlain en 1603, je ne veis un torrent d’eau desborder avec une telle impétuosité comme il fait (…).»

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

U.S. Prefabricated Pill Box

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Hawaii, Honolulu County, Honolulu
In the months before Dec 7th, many of these steel pillboxes were planted to defend military installations, airfields, and likely landing beaches around Oahu. Once buried in position, the 2-man crew entered through culvert pipe openings at the base to operate light machine guns housed in the revolving turret.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kondiaronk and Callière

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Quebec, Montréal (region), Montréal
English:
Kondiaronk, Grand Chief of the Wyandots of Michilimakinac, played a determining role in the negotiations of the Great Peace due to both his influence with the other First Nations chiefs and the respect that he had among the French. His speech of August 2, 1701 was a decisive factor in sealing the peace. Louis-Hector de Callière, an able military strategist and governor of Montréal, distinguished himself in the defence of the city. In that office and later as governor general of New France, he displayed outstanding diplomatic skills in the negotiations with the First Nations which led to the signing of the treaty.

French:
Kondiaronk, grand chef des Wyandots de Michillimakinac, joua un rôle capital dans les négociations de la Grande Paix grâce à son ascendant sur les chefs amérindiens et au respect que lui vouaient les Français. Son discours du 2 août 1701 fut un point déterminant dans la conclusion de la paix. Fin stratège militaire, Louis-Hector de Callière, gouverneur de Montréal, se fit valoir dans la défense de la ville. À ce titre, puis comme gouverneur général de la Nouvelle-France, il démontra des qualités diplomatiques exceptionnelles lors des pourparlers avec les Premières nations, lesquels menèrent à la signature de la Grande Paix.

(Native Americans • Peace • War, French and Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Japanese Light Tank

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Hawaii, Honolulu County, Honolulu
Operated by a crew of three protected by only 1/2 inch of armor and equipped with one 37mm gun and two 7.7mm machine guns. It was powered by a 6-cylinder, 110 H.P. air-cooled diesel engine with a range of 90-100 miles at speeds up to 30 MPH.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

U.S. Light Tank, M24

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Hawaii, Honolulu County, Honolulu
Used for scouting and reconnaissance in the late days of WWII. It mounted a 75mm main gun and three machine guns behind 1" of armor. Two Cadillac V-8 engines drove the 19 ton tank and its crew of four at speeds up to 35 MPH.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Underground Railroad Station #6

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New York, Niagara County, Lewiston
John Tryon was a Lewiston Abolitionist, elder of First Presbyterian Church and a conductor of the Underground Railroad. He helped countless runaway slaves attain their freedom across the Niagara River from a house known as "Tryon's Folly."
This sculpture symbolizes the home with the light in the attic and a cast bronze cellar where the slaves were sheltered. Inscribed on it is cryptic correspondence between station captains regarding underground travel.

(Abolition & Underground RR) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

U.S. 105mm Howitzer M3

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Hawaii, Honolulu County, Honolulu
With the emergence of airborne troops in 1941 came the need for an airborne howitzer. The M3 was created by shortening an existing 105mm howitzer barrel and mounting it on a modified 75mm carriage. The lightweight M3 proved to be an effective weapon within its limited range of 8295 yards.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Full Steam Ahead

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Quebec, Montréal (region), Lachine
English:
Barely 20 years after its opening, the canal was no longer up to the task, unable to accommodate larger ships. It was widened for the first time in 1843 to 1848 in one of a series of large-scale projects ordered by the Colonial Office of London. England hoped to curb the unemployment and depression resulting from the political and economic crises of the previous decade.

The government of United Canada was tasked with coordinating the ambitious program to improve navigation on the St. Lawrence. In addition to enlarging the Lachine Canal, the small military canals were replaced by the Beauharnois Canal. The Cornwall and Williamsburg canals were built, as was the second Welland Canal. This gigantic undertaking was all the more urgent seeing as the Americans held an increasing share of the Great Lakes market, thanks to the Erie Canal.

French:
À peine 20 ans après son inauguration, le canal ne suffit pas à la tâche en ne correspond plus au gabarit des navires. Il es donc agrandi une première fois, entre 1843 et 1848. Cette initiative s’inscrit dans une série des grands travaux commandes par le Colonial Office de Londres. L’Angleterre désire ainsi enrayer le chômage et la dépression résultant des crises politique et économiques de la décennie précédent.

Le gouvernement du Canada-Uni est chargé de coordonner l’ambitieux programme visant à améliorer la navigation sur le Saint-Laurent. En plus d’élargir le canal de Lachine, on remplace les petits canaux militaries par le canal de Beauharnois et l’on construit les canaux de Cornwall et de Williamsburg. Cette gigantesque enterprise est d’autant plus pressant que les Américains deviennent, grâce au canal Érié, une part grandissant du marché des Grands Lacs.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Japanese Type 1 (1941)

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Hawaii, Honolulu County, Honolulu
A light-weight mobile piece used by independent antitank and armored units. Its 3 lb. shell could penetrate 3 inches of armor at 500 yards.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Monarchy Cannon

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Hawaii, Honolulu County, Honolulu
This cannon was one of a battery of twelve guns placed on punchbowl crater by the Hawaiian monarchy beginning in 1831. Both to defend Honolulu Harbor and to fire salutes. The U.S. Army moved the cannon to Bishop Museum in 1920, where it remained until 1988 when the Army moved it again to this site.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Hudson’s Bay Company in Lachine

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Quebec, Montreal (region), Lachine
English:
In 1826, five years after the merger with its great Montréal rival, the North West Company, the Hudson’s Bay Company set up its headquarters in Lachine.

Activities connected with the fur trade, however, would never again reach the same dimensions as in the days of the North West Company.

“This point in earlier times had been a very important station of the North West Company… Hence larger fleets of canoes were despatched (sic) every Spring on their way to the head of Lake Superior, the point of rendez-vous where the magnates of the interior annually assembled… But at the period of which I write, much of the glory of Lachine had departed.” - Alexander Caulfield Anderson Stationed at Lachine in 1831.

French:
En 1826, cinq ans après la fusion avec sa grande rivale montréalaise, la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest, la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson installe ses quartiers généraux à Lachine.

Cependant, les activités liées au commerce de la fourrure n’auront plus jamais autant d’ampleur que sous le règne de la Compagnie du Nord-Ouest.

«La Compagnie du Nord-Ouest avait déjà eu en poste très important à Lachine (…). Chaque printemps de nombreux canots quittaient la ville en direction du lieu de rendez-vous de «bourgeois» de l’intérieur, au nord du lac Supérieur (…). À l’époque qui nous intéresse, Lachine avait toutefois perdu beaucoup du son animation. - Alexander Caulfield Anderson en poste à Lachine en 1831.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cartier Residences

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Quebec, Montréal (region), Montréal
English:
These two semi-detached houses were constructed about 1837, and each served as the home of one of Canada’s most distinguished statesmen, Sir George-Étienne Cartier (1814-1873), who occupied the east home from 1848 until 1855, and the west house from 1862 to 1872. Cartier shared the leadership of the Province of Canada with Sir John A. Macdonald for most of the decade after 1857, and was one of the principal architects of Confederation (1867). He became a leading member of the first Dominion cabinet, in which he served as Minister of Militia and Defence.

French:
Construites vers 1837, ces maisons jumelées ont servi de résidence à un illustre homme d’état canadien, Sir George-Étienne Cartier (1814-1873). Il occupa la maison est de 1848 à 1855, plus séjourna dans la maison ouest de 1862 à 1872. Avec Sir John A. Macdonald, Cariter dirigea le Canada-Uni pendant presque la totalité des dix ans précédant la création, en 1867, de la Confédération, dont il fut l’un des principaux artisans. il fut aussi, comme ministre de la Milice et de la Défense, l’un des membres les plus influents du premier cabinet canadien.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Coteau-du-lac

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Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM, Coteau-du-lac
English:
From 1778 until the mid-19th century Coteau-du-Lac was the site of a British military post which defended the passage and facilitated the transportation of supplies along the St. Lawrence. It was of strategic importance to the defence of Canada during the American Revolution and during the War of 1812 when its fortifications were added to strengthen its position. In addition to the supply depot and fort, one of the earliest locks in North America was constructed here in 1779-80 on a canal which was in continual use until it was superseded by the Beauharnois Canal in the 1840s.

French:
De 1778 jusqu'au milieu de 19ième siècle, Coteau-du-Lac fut le site d'un poste militaire britannique qui défendait le couloir et facilitait le transport des marchandises sur le fleuve St-Laurent. Il fut un point stratégique pendant la Révolution américaine et pendant la Guerre de 1812, alors qu'on le fortifia pour améliorer sa position. En plus d'être un dépôt d'approvisionnement et un fort, Coteau-du-Lac fut le site d'un des plus anciens canaux à écluses en Amérique du Nord. Construit en 1779-1780, ce canal a été utilisé jusqu'au moment où il fut remplacé par le canal Beauharnois, au cours des années 1840.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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