Timeline of Weston History

September 15, 2014, 7:43 pm

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Missouri, Platte County, Weston


Panel 1
1837 Weston is established by Joseph Moore taking a land claim and building the first cabin at present intersection of Market and Main
1837 Salem Christian Church is founded. Building constructed in 1841
1838 General Bela Hughes purchases half interest in Weston claim and plats city streets and sells lots
1838 Ben Holladay, Stage Coach King, moves to Weston and establishes a “dram shop”
1838 City Cemetery is established (first known burial is Jane Woods), later organized as Laurel Hill Cemetery
1838 Weston United Methodist Church is founded. Building constructed in 1867
1839 Post Office is established; Ben Holladay is the first post master
1840 Weston attracts first steamboats on upper Missouri
1840 First tobacco crop is harvested and floated down the Missouri River to Glasgow, MO
1842 Weston Presbyterian Church is organized; building constructed in 1844, its bell tower was a beacon for steamboats and the bell announcing their arrival
1842 Weston is incorporated as a town with five trustees
1842 The Weston Masonic Lodge No. 53 AF & AM is chartered; Ben Holladay’s brother Dandridge Holladay is Charter Master of Lodge
1842 Weston Brewery is established, changing to Royal Brewing in 1901
1843 Platte County’s first newspaper, The Eagle is published in Weston

Panel 2
1844 Holy Trinity Catholic Church is organized and lays corner stone; Father Ruthowski travels to Europe to solicit contributions for the church
1845 St. George Hotel opens
1845 The oldest structure is built; it has survived three fires and currently houses the “Town Mouse”, 527 Main
1849 Weston becomes steamboat headquarters of the West. Weston serves 225 steamboats
1851 Court of Common Pleas is established in Weston
1852 The Christian Church is organized; building is constructed in 1854
1852 Main Street is macadamized from Market St. to Short St.
1853 Weston Cemetery Association is formed and lots platted; name is changed to Laurel Hill in 1902
1853 Weston Baptist Church is organized; begins construction in 1868
1853 Platte County Railroad is chartered running from St. Joseph to Kansas City via Weston; tracks are laid in 1861
1853 The German Benevolent Society is organized
1855 Weston has a peak population of 5000, second in size to St. Louis for a riverport town
1855 Fire destroys most of downtown business district
1855 Weston’s first City Hall is located at 526 Main and moves in to the old Weston Train Depot in 2002
1856 Ben and David Holladay establish the Holladay Distillery which changes to Shawhan in 1894, then to the Old Weston Distillery in the 1940’s, and finally to McCormick Distillery ca 1946
1858 The International Hotel is built by Ben Holladay, site of current Weston Historical Museum, 601 Main
1860 Hemp Industry reaches highest production establishing Weston as major world producer
1860 Pleasant Ridge College, Mary Bethune School and Swamp College are established
1862 Ben Holladay purchases Overland Stage Line

Panel 3
1864 International Hotel burns; site purchased by Baptist Church and building constructed in 1868, burning down in 1896
1865 Railey & Bros. Banking Co. is established in Weston
1861-1865 Civil War ends slavery and dooms hemp industry in Weston
1866 First of several “Town Bands” is organized
1866 First “gas works” is built by Henry Schlosser, a former Russian Czarist soldier
1868 The Schindler family starts a Main Street grocery store that lasts for over a century, moving to a new building on Hwy H & 45 in 1963, today’s Sharp’s Market
1869 The Weston School District purchases first public school, located at the current school’s site, 1025 Washington. Prior to this date education was provided by several private/parochial schools
1872 The Weston Commercial newspaper is established
1881 Flooding shifts Missouri River channel one mile west to the Kansas side
1883 Mt. Bethel Cemetery and Church are established
1884 J.B. Doran builds a tobacco warehouse and establishes the first tobacco market west of the Mississippi
1885 Hemp industry ends and last crop is shipped from Weston
1886 B.J. Bless, Sr. purchases The Weston Chronicle (formally [sic- formerly] The Weston Commercial); the family owns it until 1984
1887 William J. Rumpel purchases a hardware store at 509 Main; continuous operating for three generations, closing in 1988
1890 St. George Hotel burns and is rebuilt in 1892 through public subscription
1893 Bank of Weston is founded
ca. 1894 Large scale tobacco farming begins
1894 George H. Sebus and William Haas establish a general store that becomes the oldest continuously operating business under same name in Weston, Sebus Brothers
1896 Volunteer Fire Department Fighting Force is established with 22 members headed by GH Sebus

Panel 4
1904 Julius Rumpel begins operating Weston’s first telephone system
1905 First Light Plant is started by C.C. Davis
1910 Tobacco is sold by auction for first time in Missouri. Representatives of eastern manufacturers buy tobacco at auction from the warehouse of J.B. Doran
1912 Second tobacco auction house is built on Main St. known as Warehouse No. 2, and Weston tobacco market reaches five million pounds
1912 Graceland Cemetery is established
1914 R&B Elevator Co. is established, changing to Farmers Cooperative Elevator Assoc. and later Weston Elevator Co.
1915 Electric lights are installed in dining room of St. George Hotel
1918 Boy Scout Troop 316 is founded and rechartered in 1940 as Troop 249
1919 Electrical service is provided to businesses and homes
1925 First public library, the PTA Library is established and located in the school, later moving in to the Railey Bank Building
1929 Weston is the largest town in Platte County
1929 Weston has night and day electric and telegraph service and a railroad site with nine trains daily
1929 First X-ray machine arrives in Weston
1934 Sewer system is installed
1934 Christian Assembly Church is organized and occupies the former Presbyterian Church Building, 501 Washington
1936 Three Tobacco Warehouses at the base of Main burn with a loss valued at over a half million dollars
1936 Eureka Theater burns
1941 & ‘42 Weston High School is the Tri-C Football Champions, who are never defeated, scored on or tied
1951 Major flood of Missouri River isolates Weston; supplies are brought in by helicopter

Panel 5
1955 First polio vaccinations are offered to Weston children (126 total)
1960 Weston Historical Museum is established and opens in the old Baptist Church, 601 Main
1960 Weston’s first Antebellum Homes Tour is sponsored by Weston Historical Museum
1964 New Deal Tobacco Warehouse is built and opened; in 1967 it burns and reopens the following year
1972 Weston is officially listed on the National Register of Historic Places; 1974 McCormick Distillery is listed
1974 Ambulance “Help Inc” begins service for Weston area residents
1978 Pirtle Vineyards produces its first wine and opens store in the old Evangelical Lutheran Church
1982 Weston Development Company is formed to spearhead the redevelopment of the downtown business district
1985 Snow Creek Ski area opens
1986 First “Lost Arts Festival” is held, later changes to “Weston Applefest”
1987 Father Christmas begins his holiday character in the streets of Weston
1993 The Great Flood causes Missouri levees to break; hundreds of residents are evacuated and drinking water is shipped in
1995 Harry Truman HBO movie is filmed in downtown Weston featuring Gary Sinese
1997 Weston Brewing Co. reopens on the site of original Royal Brewery, 540 Welt
2002 Weston Community Theater is established
2003 Weston Community Nazarene Church dedicates new building on H Hwy. Church established in 1949 in Iatan
ca. 2004 Last tobacco auction is held in Weston
2006 Weston is designated a Preserve America Community
2009 “Lewis and Clark, A Historic Weston Exhibit” is established and opened
2010 Weston Historical Museum celebrates 50 years
2011 Missouri River floods bottom land below Main
2012 Weston celebrates 175 years

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Benjamin Wood House

September 15, 2014, 8:01 pm

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Missouri, Platte County, Weston


Two story 3 brick thick Federal style with flanking chimneys. 6 fireplaces. Original pine floors & woodwork. Restored 1990, by Mr. & Mrs. Glen Payne.

(Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Daniel Read Anthony

September 15, 2014, 8:47 pm

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Kansas, Leavenworth County, Lansing


He helped make Kansas a free state,
He fought to save the Union,
He published the Daily Times for nearly
forty years in the interest of Leavenworth,
He was no hypocrite.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Congregational Church of Tonganoxie

September 15, 2014, 9:16 pm

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Kansas, Leavenworth County, Tonganoxie


The First Congregational Church was organized on September 23, 1868, meeting in the home of the founding pastor, the Rev. H. E. Woodcock. The congregation then met in the schoolhouse until 1872 when the present church was built.

The Reuter organ was installed in 1948.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kansas River Flood Levels

September 15, 2014, 9:48 pm

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Kansas, Douglas County, Lawrence


Water Line
July 13 '51

Water Line
June 5 '35

(Disasters • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles W. Lindewald

September 15, 2014, 10:01 pm

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Indiana, LaPorte County, La Porte


Detachment A-Team
101 Company C
5th Special Forces
came under
attack by a North Vietnamese tank unit on
February 6, 1968 in the Battle of Lang Vei.
LaPorte native, Green Beret Master Sergeant.
Charles W. Lindewald
was missing in action until his remains were found in 2004. He was serving his fifth tour of duty and was awarded 3 Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star and Silver Star posthumously and several other decorations in his career. He was laid to rest in Arlington National Cemetery in 2005.

(War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Inverness

September 16, 2014, 6:55 am

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Mississippi, Sunflower County, Inverness

Named by Mrs. W. McInnis, 1899. Incorp. a village, March 5, 1904. Proclaimed a town, July 31, 1914. Tornado of February 21, 1971, affected 79 percent of buildings and left 214 casualties.

(Disasters • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battery 'C'

September 16, 2014, 6:58 am

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Mississippi, Leflore County, Greenwood

Battery C,
First Mississippi Field Artillery,
mustered into Federal Service
August 5, 1917 as Battery C,
140th F.A., 64th F.A. Brigade,
39th Division.

The Battery, composed of men from
Leflore and surrounding counties,
camped on this site until departure
for Mobilization Camp, Jackson,
Mississippi on August 31, 1917.

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup

September 16, 2014, 7:02 am

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Mississippi, Scott County, Forest

Front
Arthur “Big Boy” Crudup, one of the most prominent blues recording artists of the 1940s, was born on his grandparents' land in Forest on August 24, 1905. After Elvis Presley recorded three Crudup songs in the 1950s, Crudup became known as “The Father of Rock 'n' Roll.” Despite the commercial success of his songs, Crudup was never fairly paid for the music he composed and recorded, and had to work as a laborer or bus driver to support his family. He died on March 28, 1974.

Rear
Arthur “Big Boy” Crudup was one of America's top-selling blues artists long before Elvis Presley, Elton John, Rod Stewart, and other pop stars began recording his songs. But like many other performers who had little education and little familiarity with the music business or copyright law, Crudup fell victim to exploitation. Only after his death did his heirs finally succeed in securing his copyrights and long-overdue royalties.

Crudup, who grew up singing spirituals, did not start playing guitar until he was in his thirties. In 1941, while playing on the streets in Chicago, he was offered a chance to record for RCA Victor's Bluebird label. His unique sound and memorable lyrics caught on with record buyers, and he continued to record for RCA until 1954. His best known records included “Rock Me Mama,” “Mean Old 'Frisco Blues,” and three that were covered by Presley: “That's All Right,” “My Baby Left Me,” and “So Glad You're Mine.” Crudup rarely played concerts or theaters until the blues revival of the 1960s, but he was a juke joint favorite in Mississippi, where he performed with Elmore James, Sonny Boy Williamson, and locals such as George Lee, Odell Lay, and Clyde Lay. In Forest he played dance halls and cafes where both blacks and whites attended despite segregation policies of the time. He stacked lumber, picked cotton, and sold bootleg liquor, and finally started his own business transporting migrant workers between Florida and Virginia after he left Forest in the mid-1950s. He recorded in later years for the Fire and Delmark labels, but remained a working man who never depended on music to survive. His sons James, Jonas, and George formed their own band in Florida and later recorded a CD as the Crudup Brothers. A nephew, Robert Earl “Little Jr.” Crudup, also launched a performing career in Oakland, California, in the 1980s.

James “T-Model” Ford, another self-taught Forest musician, also took up guitar late in life (in his fifties). Ford, born June 20, 1924, was a laborer, logger, and truck driver before he became a bluesman in the Delta. In the 1990s his CDs on the Oxford-based Fat Possum label enabled him to start touring the country while maintaining a performing base at nightspots near his home in Greenville.

Another former Forest resident, Ruben Hughes, was honored with a resolution from the Mississippi Legislature in 2002 for his work in radio. Hughes, born Sept. 9, 1938, got his first job as a blues deejay on WMAG in Forest at the age of sixteen. He broadcast on several stations before he founded WGNL in Greenwood in 1987. Hughes recalled working with Arthur Crudup on a Forest poultry farm in the early 1950s.

(African Americans • Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hank Cochran

September 16, 2014, 7:09 am

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Mississippi, Humphreys County, Isola

Front
One of country music's most prolific and revered songwriters, Hank Cochran (1935-2010), was born in Isola and spent his early childhood years here. He wrote "Make the World Go Away," "A Little Bitty Tear," "She's Got You," and "Don't Touch Me," and co-wrote "I Fall to Pieces." A cohort of such classic Nashville writers as Harlan Howard and Willie Nelson, Cochran also enjoyed a successful recording career of his own charting seven singles.

Rear
Hank Cochran Born in Isola on August 2, 1935, into a troubled family in troubled Depression times, Garland Perry Cochran, who would eventually change his name to “Hank” because he thought it sounded better, was placed in a Memphis orphanage at age 9 after his parents divorced, then lived with his grandparents in Greenville, Mississippi. He showed a fledgling gift for writing poetry, but never returned to school after the 4th grade; his uncle Otis Cochran taught him a few guitar chords before the two of them hitchhiked to New Mexico to work in the oilfields when he was just 12. At 16, after a brief return to Mississippi, he looked for work near Los Angeles. There, now known as Hank Cochran, he met future rockabilly star Eddie Cochran and formed the duo “The Cochran Brothers.” The act made local appearances, opened for Lefty Frizzell, and got a recording contract with the small Ekko label in 1955; the best-known recording, “Two Blue Singing Stars,” was a salute to Jimmie Rodgers and Hank Williams.

Hank relocated to Nashville in 1960 and was signed to a publishing deal by Pamper Music, co-owned by Ray Price, and in a matter of months, teamed with Harlan Howard, wrote the standard-to-be “I Fall to Pieces,” which became a No. 1 hit for Patsy Cline; Cline took Hank’s “She’s Got You” to No. 1 the following year. Hank also pursued a performing career at that time, backing Justin Tubb on guitar at the Opry, and finding some success as a recording artist; his recording of Howard’s “Sally Was a Good Old Girl” was a Top 20 hit in 1962. Though his singing was mellow and effective, his recording career would always be a sideline. His songwriting reached another pinnacle when he recorded his ballad “Make the World Go Away,” already a minor hit in 1963 for Timi Yuro and a No. 2 for Ray Price, and it was heard by Eddy Arnold who recorded it in as a pop-oriented Nashville Sound arrangement, and made it one of the biggest sellers in country music history.

As a prolific Music Row fixture, credited with over 300 songs, Cochran wrote or co-wrote some of the great hits of the decades that followed, including “A Little Bitty Tear” and “Your Funny Way of Laughin’” for Burl Ives; “Don’t Touch Me” for Jeannie Seely (fourth of his five wives); “A-11” for Johnny Paycheck in 1965 and Buck Owens in 1988; “It’s Not Love, But It’s Not Bad” for Merle Haggard; “The Chair,” and “Ocean Front Property” for George Strait; and “Set ‘Em Up Joe” for Vern Gosdin. Hank Cochran was married to his fifth wife, Suzi, throughout his final 28 years. He was inducted into the Nashville Songwriter’s Hall of Fame in 1974, and the Mississippi Music Hall of Fame in 2003. He died in Nashville in 2010.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Skirmish at Concord Baptist Church

September 16, 2014, 7:12 am

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Mississippi, Yazoo County, Yazoo City

On December 1, 1864, Confederate forces under Col. John Griffith, including the 11th and 17th Arkansas Mounted Infantry and Wood's Cavalry Regiment, skirmished with a detachment of the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, commanded by Maj. Nicholas H. Dale, near Concord Baptist Church. During the brief engagement, the Second Wisconsin suffered approximately forty casualties, including Maj. Dale. Organized in 1843, Concord Baptist Church is one of the oldest churches in Yazoo County.

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eupora

September 16, 2014, 7:14 am

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Mississippi, Webster County, Eupora

Settled 1889, on spur track of Georgia Pacific Railroad. North 8 mi. is site of final battle in 1770, when Choctaws and Chickasaws exterminated fierce Chocchuma Indian tribe.

(Native Americans • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Orton Memorial

September 16, 2014, 3:13 pm

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Ohio, Greene, near Yellow Sprngs
In memory of Edward Orton

1829-1899

He loved the youth of the land and inspired them to seek education. He taught them to build a soul. He advocated the beautiful religion of Jesus Christ. Especially did he inspire them with a love for nature. He implored them to uphold with staunch citizenship their country as founded by Washington, Jefferson, Horace Mann, and Abraham Lincoln.

Hugh Taylor Birch

(Environment) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Clifton Gorge Marker

September 16, 2014, 3:17 pm

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Ohio, Greene County, Clifton
Clifton Gorge has been designed a Registered Natural Landmark under the provisions of the Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935 this site possesses exceptional value in illustrating the natural history of the United States U. S. Department of the Interior National Park Service 1967

(Environment) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Camp Birch

September 16, 2014, 3:24 pm

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Ohio, Greene County, Yelleow Springs
(2 Boy Scout Emblems)

In Grateful Recognition

to the many friends of scouting who contributed greatly through their gifts of money and time and the endless resources of labor and leadership to the establishment of Camp Birch.

This tablet is inscribed in honor of their lasting contribution to American boyhood.

1937 - - - 1957

Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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First Log Cabin in LaPorte

September 16, 2014, 4:17 pm

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Indiana, LaPorte County, La Porte


LaPorte Centennial
1832 – 1932
On this site was built
the first log cabin in LaPorte
Here was held the first session
of the County Commissioners

Erected in memory of the pioneers
by Miriam Benedict Chapter
Daughters of the American Revolution

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Columbia Park Band Shell

September 16, 2014, 7:57 pm

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Wisconsin, Wood County, Marshfield

Designed and built by Frank A. Felhofer & Sons in the Art Deco style. Originally used as the home of the 135th Medical Regiment Band, it now serves the City of Marshfield for band concerts and public events.

Marshfield Historic Register

(Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Is That an Eagle?

September 16, 2014, 10:28 pm

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Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Fort Washington

Water View, Large Trees
Suppose you were a bald eagle. Soaring high above, your keen eyes search for a place to raise your young.

You need a tall, sturdy tree that will hold a one-ton nest. You look for water—a river or lake with fish swimming near the surface. Other wildlife is a plus; you prefer fish, but birds, small mammals and a variety of carrion also will satisfy your appetite, Only bothersome humans make unacceptable neighbors.

Good eagle habitat attracts ospreys too. Skilled at impaling fish with powerful talons, ospreys will occasionally lose their meal to the larger, more powerful eagles who are masters at pirating food.
(captions) Osprey with fish; Bald eagle

Mistaken Identity
In flight, bald eagles can be confused with several other birds, particularly ospreys and turkey vultures. Look for the following characteristics:
• Eagles soar and glide with their head far in front of their level wings. When fishing, they get only their feet wet.
• Ospreys hold their wings in a distinctive M-shape and flap more than soar. They often plunge completely into the water to catch fish.
• Turkey vultures rock from side to side as they fly.
(captions) Turkey vulture in flight; Bald eagle

Making a Comeback
Seldom seen for many years, both bald eagles and ospreys are reappearing in Pennsylvania. Encouraged by protective laws, conservation strategies and reintroduction o programs, they are recovering from dangers posed by pesticides and human predation.

Loss of habitat—clean water and old-growth—is now the primary threat to their continued recovery.

Eagles and ospreys migrate through Pennsylvania in April-May and August-October.
The more common turkey vultures migrate in mid-March and remain until November or December
(captions) Bald eagle at nest site; Osprey at nest site

Identification
When perched, eagles,ospreys and vultures look very different.
Turkey Vulture
Length 25-32” Wingspan 72”
Bald Eagle
Length 30-31” Wingspan 72-90”
Osprey
Length 21-24” Wingspan 54-72”

In flight, each bird has different markings, wingshape and wingspan.
Eagles keep their wings level in flight.
Vultures form a V-shape.
Ospreys make a distinctive M-shape.
(captions) Turkey vulture; Bald Eagle; Osprey

Eagles and ospreys have the weapons of efficient aerial hunters:
• Keen eyesight
• Feet and talons to grasp and carry
• Sharp beaks for shredding prey

Turkey vultures are well adapted for clean-up duty:
• Featherless heads allow them to eat carrion yet stay relatively clean
• Feet designed for walking rather than carrying food to a nest
(captions) Bald eagle head; Vulture head & foot; Osprey foot

(Animals • Environment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Birds of a Feather

September 16, 2014, 10:41 pm

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Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Fort Washington

Identifying raptors (birds of prey) in flight can be difficult. However, even novice hawk-watchers can figure out which family a raptor belongs to. Most raptors migrating past this hawk watch site fall into one of three families: buteos, accipiters or falcons. Each family has unique wing and tail characteristics that help the birds fly in a specific manner.

(1) Buteos
• Have long, broad wings, a chunky body and a short, fanned-out tail
• Soar for long periods without flapping their wings
• Includes the red-tailed hawk, broad-winged hawk and red-shouldered hawk

(2) Falcons
• Have long, pointed wings and a long, narrow tail
• Fly through constant, strong flapping
• Includes the American kestrel, merlin and peregrine falcon

(3) Accipiters
• Have short, rounded wings and a long, narrow tail
• Move through a series of flaps and glides: flap-flap-flap-glide
• Includes the sharp-shinned hawk, cooper’s hawk and northern goshawk

Be a Raptor Ranger
Conduct your own hawk watch! Use your eagle eye to spot buteos, accipiters and falcons, and count how many of each family you spy.

(captions)
(left) Red-tailed hawk
(center) 1: Red-tailed Hawk; Broad-winged Hawk; Red-shouldered
(upper right) 2: Peregrine Falcon; American Kestrel; Merlin
(lower right) 3: Sharp-shinned Hawk; Cooper ’s Hawk; Northern Goshawk

(Animals • Environment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

On the Wing

September 16, 2014, 10:44 pm

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Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Fort Washington

In North America, migrating raptors travel along several migratory routes. This hawk watch site sits along the eastern-most route, known as the Atlantic Coastal Flyway. Birds fly south for the winter from northeastern Canada and the United States, following the Appalachian mountains and the Atlantic coastline as far south as Argentina. Each species migrates on its own schedule; years of hawk-watching have shown which times are best for spotting each species.

Invisible Expressways
To travel the longest distance using the least amount of energy, birds take advantage of thermals. Raptors spiral high into the air in these rising columns of hot air and then use that height to glide until they can catch another thermal.

Surfing on the Mountain
Another way birds use air currents to their advantage is by slope surfing or slope soaring. When winds from the north and west blow up against the Appalachian mountain chain, the wind is deflected up. That creates a wave of air that birds surf for long distances, using very little energy.

Be a Raptor Ranger
Launch your own “hawk” migration at home. Create paper airplanes and see which one travels farthest. Do different types of wings and tails work better than others? Can your plane catch a breeze to surf farther?

(captions)
(left) Migration Patterns at Militia Hill
(center) Broad-winged hawk
(right) Red-shouldered hawk

(Animals • Environment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.