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Arky - Missy G   Crew

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Georgia, Chatham County, Pooler

305th Bomb GP (H)   366th Bomb Sq

Serial #42-29553  (Arky) - (Missy G)
In Memory Of Her Gallant Crew
MIA - Aug 12th, 1943

1st Lt     Wright E Gerke    P  *
2nd Lt   Thomas Read        CP  *
2nd Lt   Joseph S Costa      N  *
2nd Lt   Jack J Little         B  *
S/Sgt     Harry L Fullerton  E  
S/Sgt     James L Chalker    R  
S/Sgt     Joseph J Hall        BTG  *
S/Sgt     Joe W Rowlison     LW  *
S/Sgt     Herbert A Kalwa    RW  *
S/Sgt   Edward F Keesling    TG  *
              * (KIA)

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Confederate Defeat

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Kansas, Linn County, near Pleasanton


Although the Confederates greatly outnumbered the Union troops at Mine Creek, the Union army clearly had an advantage with its weapons. The Confederates were armed with long muzzle-loading infantry rifles, which were difficult to reload on horseback. They were no match for the Union troops' shorter breech-loading carbines, which were quickly reloaded at the rear of the barrel. Many Confederates fired one shot then turned their horses and fled. Others stayed and used their rifles as clubs when the two forces, still astride their horses, clashed in fierce hand-to-hand combat.

A number of Union troops gained position behind the Confederates and hand-to-hand combat erupted near the creek. The steep creek banks were slippery and crumbling from the recent rain, the rushing water was deep, and wagons blocked the route. Union troops took advantage of the situation and captured many prisoners, including Major General Marmaduke.

By 11:30 a.m. the Confederates were in full retreat with Union forces close behind. Later that evening Price gave orders to burn half the wagons so the army could travel faster.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

In Search of the Walled City

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

Rediscovering the Old Wall
The old city wall remained buried and forgotten until traces of Granville Bastion were discovered at 40 East Bay Street in the 1920s. In the 1960s a portion of the Half Moon Battery was discovered in the basement of the Old Exchange Building. This is the only section of the wall on view to the public. Today, thanks to increased public awareness, underground wall “sightings” are reported regularly by road and utility crews and homeowners.

The Redan
A redan is a triangular fortification that projects out from the main fortification or curtain wall. Charles Town’s brick curtain wall had three redans: one at Tradd Street, one near North Atlantic Wharf, and one near Cone Street. The redans worked in concert with the corner bastions and the Half Moon Battery to protect the city from a naval assault. Five or six cannon were mounted behind a parapet on each redan. In 2008, when the City of Charleston temporarily removed cobblestones at South Adger’s Wharf, archaeologists seized the opportunity to look for the Tradd Street redan. A 1785 plat hinted that the structure was located here.

Archaeology at South Adger’s Wharf
In 2008 and 2009 archaeologists dug through 10 layers of soil representing 300 years of Charleston’s history here at South Adger’s Wharf. They found the Tradd Street redan in nearly perfect condition! The brick redan was five feet wide and eight feet tall. The wall was supported by cypress piles. The parapet, which had been pushed over and buried with the redan, would have added at least three more feet to the structure. Seven-foot pales were driven into the mud in front of the redan to form a palisade. The area between the palisade and the redan was filled with ballast stones, oyster shells, and brick fragments. This helped stop seawater from undermining the redan.

The Mayor’s Walled City Task Force
The Walled City Task Force was appointed by Mayor Joseph P. Riley Jr. in 2005 to study, identify, protect, and interpret the walled city of Charleston. The Task Force includes researchers, government representatives, and private citizens. It sponsors lecture programs and walking tours and coordinates archaeological and historical research to help locate and document evidence of the colonial walled city. Visit Historic Charleston Foundation for a walking tour brochure. See artifacts from the excavations at the Charleston Museum.

(Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

After the Battle

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Kansas, Linn County, near Pleasanton


Nearby homes were converted into makeshift hospitals where wounded were treated before being sent to larger hospitals in Mound City, Fort Scott, and Fort Leavenworth. Union soldiers killed in battle were buried in cemeteries within these same towns. Some Confederate soldiers were buried on the battlefield in unmarked graves.

The Union victory at Mine Creek forced Price's army out of Kansas and ended the Confederate threat to the state. The battle was one of the last significant engagements fought west of the Mississippi River. The Civil War ended in April 1865.

Casualties from the Mine Creek battle
Union

Wounded 94 • Killed 15 • Captured 1

Confederate
Wounded 250 • Killed 300 • Captured 600

[Background illustration]
The battle at Mine Creek in a painting by Samuel Reader.

Samuel Reader kept a diary and documented his service in the Kansas militia. Captured at the Battle of the Big Blue, he was forced to retreat with the Confederate Army to Mine Creek. His artwork is featured on the battlefield trails.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Section of parapet, or upper portion of the wall

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston

The parapet included embrasures, or splayed cannon openings, designed to provide additional “lines of fire.” Based on the 1739 illustration, each redan was armed with five to seven cannon. This section of brick parapet was pushed into the moat when the upper wall was demolished in 1785. It was recovered during the 2008 excavation.

(Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Remnant of Horn Work

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South Carolina, Charleston County, Charleston
Remnant, of Horn Work.

May 1780

Siege of Charleston

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Tale of Two Highways

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Nevada, Eureka County, near Carlin

You have arrived at this place by driving east on Interstate Highway 80. Did you know that since entering Nevada you have been traveling along the route of the historic California Trail? From 1843 to 1869, an estimated 250,000 people made the trek from the Missouri River to California on a rutted dusty road that was a dramatic contrast to today's high-speed freeway.

The California Trail began at the Missouri River and crossed the future states of Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada before reaching California. The distance was approximately 2,000 miles. The California Trail was the major travel route to the West until the Pacific Railroad was completed in 1869.

Only a few hours of driving time has brought you from Reno or Carson City in western Nevada to this point. For a California emigrant, the same distance took over two weeks of walking in the heat and dust of August and September, and upon reaching the Sierra Nevada mountains, they still had 150 miles of walking and climbing before they would reach their destination, central and northern California.

As you travel east, you will parallel the California Trail from here to Wells, Nevada - about 90 miles, or six days of emigrant travel. From Wells, the trail turns northeast into Idaho and does not rejoin Interstate 80 until Fort Bridger, Wyoming. As you travel on, consider what you would experience in the miles you see from your car window if you were walking through uninhabited country with worn out boots, tattered clothes, tired livestock, and scant food supplies.


(Drawing Caption)

"Clouds of dust arise as we pass along the road...I do not think our own mothers would know their sons were they to see us...Some of us are shoeless, hatless, and nearly clothless and we are generally so tired when we arrive at camp that we feel no inclination to mend or repair the rents our clothes sustain on our journey."
Joseph Waring Berrin; 1849

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

About Your Journey ...

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Nevada, Eureka County, near Carlin

Whichever direction your travels take you, you're going to have a similar experience to what the California-bound emigrants had. You're going to see the same country, except for the towns and the ranch meadows. The big difference, though, is that you'll be traveling at a much faster pace. From here, you can be in California in a few hours. For the emigrants, it was as much as a month's journey. As you drive and look back at the country, think about those people who plodded along day after day through the thick alkali dust and sand--headed toward dreams of gold or a new life.

The California Trail had its beginnings at several points along the Missouri River, and included several variant routes across the Great Basin and over the Sierra Nevada mountains into California. With the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, most travelers made the journey by rail.

You're Invited!
There are many California Trail sites like this one, spread across Nevada. They're marked on this map.
As you stop at these sites, you'll learn more about what happened to these emigrants as they traveled across the Great Basin. Be sure to visit the California Trail Interpretive Center just west of Elko, Nevada.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gravely Ford

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Nevada, Eureka County, near Carlin
7 miles southeast of here was a favorite pioneer crossing of the Humboldt River, Gravely Ford. Campsite of the Donner Party, here occurred the Snyder-Reed fight, as Snyder lashed at Reed he missed and hit Reed's wife. Reed then killed Snyder. Reed was banished without food from the wagon train. His daughter smuggled food to him enabling him to reach California. Reed later returned to rescue them from being snowed in at Donner Lake. In 1861 Indians massacred a wagon train. A squaw tried to save a child but was chased for days was caught and the child killed.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union Charge

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Kansas, Linn County, near Pleasanton


When the Union charge commenced the 10th Missouri Cavalry, USA, started forward with a yell and bugles blaring, but half-way down the slope the men hesitated and stopped when the Confederates showed no sign of breaking.

Union Lieutenant Colonel Frederick W. Benteen (later of Little Big Horn fame) rode out front, shouting and waving his sword for his men to continue, but they stood frozen in their tracks, intimidated by a force three times their size.

As the 10th Missouri faltered, troops behind still charged forward. To prevent a collision and to continue the attack, the 4th Iowa Cavalry, USA, pushed through the stalled lines of the 10th Missouri and resumed the charge. All along the Union line, in a chain reaction from left to right, the charge was renewed. The Confederate line soon collapsed.

The red markers in this field locate the middle of the Confederate line and the far Confederate right wing.

[Background illustration] Ready for the Yankees, by Samuel Reader, showing Confederate artillery in position at the start of the battle.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Birth of Cable Television

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Pennsylvania, Schuylkill County, near Mahanoy City
The first cable television system in Pennsylvania, believed to be the first in the United States, was established June 1948 in Mahanoy City by John Walson. This community antenna (CATV) system, operated by Mr. Walson's Service Electric Company, initially connected only three channels to his Main and Pine Street store and a few homes. In the following decade, Service Electric grew to serve many thousands of cable subscribers.

(Communications • Entertainment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robert E. Lee

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Georgia, Bryan County, Richmond Hill
( No Inscription )

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Savannah Besieged

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Georgia, Chatham County, Savannah

For most of the Revolutionary War, Savannah was an armed camp. With the approach of an allied French and American army in the fall of 1779, the British defenders of Savannah began improving and constructing a series of fourteen redoubts outside the town and a similar number of cannon emplacements.
•This earth fortification, called a redoubt, was constructed in 2006 to remind us of the sacrifices made here during a bloody battle for possession of the British-controlled royal capital of Georgia. •Not only did the walls of earth protect the men inside, but the musket and cannon fire of the defenders made the space between the redoubts deadly to many attackers. Should a breakthrough occur, hundreds of combat-hardened British infantry placed to the rear would charge and drive back the attackers. •In front of you are 800 stones arranged as an attacking column of soldiers. Five such columns attacked the area around the actual Spring Hill redoubt. •The attacking columns were beaten back one after the other with vicious hand-to-hand fighting on the walls of the Spring Hill redoubt. Cut down by artillery and small arms fire, the dead and dying covered the space leading up to the Spring Hill redoubt. Approximately 800 soldiers were killed or wounded. •London rejoiced when news of the victory reached England. The war would continue another four years. •
This modern reconstruction of a redoubt, designed in part from a British field manual of the era, symbolizes the original Spring Hill redoubt. Archaeologists discovered the actual location of the Spring Hill redoubt, ahead to your right. It is now represented by the small berm.

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

La Salle

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New York, Niagara County, Youngstown
Here at the mouth of the Niagara
Rene-Robert Cavelier,
Sieur De La Salle

raised the first rude palisades
of a fort and from this base began
his far voyaging in exploration
of Mid-America
the Ohio, the Great Lakes and the
Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico

Author of Great Beginnings
Dreamer of Great Dreams


Through His Courage
Suffering and Endurance
Came Christianity and Civilization

(Exploration • Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Inventor Henry Timken

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Ohio, Stark County, Canton
Born near Bremen, Germany, carriage builder Henry Timken (1831-1909) designed significant improvements in roller bearings-fundamental machine components that minimize friction between moving and stationary parts. His patented (1898) tapered roller bearings improved on ball bearings by controlling heavy side loads generated by steered axies, and thus became key components of modern vehicle design. Established in St. Louis in 1899, the Timken Roller Bearing Axle Company moved to Canton in 1901 and quickly became one of Ohio’s industrial leaders, manufacturing roller bearings for automotive, railroad and many industrial uses. In 1998 Henry Timken was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Birch Coulee

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Minnesota, Renville County, near Morton
On the prairie half a mile east of this point, a party of about 160 troops was attacked by Sioux at dawn, Sept. 2, 1862.

During the battle, the force was surrounded for thirty hours, losing over a third of its number in killed and wounded.

seal of State of Minnesota Department of Highways
seal of The Minnesota Historical Society, Instituted 1849


(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Saxton House

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Ohio, Stark County, Canton
This house was built by George Dewalt ca 1840. A substantial section was then added CA 1870 by son-in-law James Saxton, father of Ida Saxton McKinley and son of John Saxton (founder of the Canton Repository). This was the home of Ida prior to her marriage to William McKinley and during the time while William served in the U.S. Congress (1875-1890) and as Governor of Ohio (1891-1895) before he was elected the 25th president of the United States in 1896.

Placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. Established as the First Ladies National Historic Site in 2000.

(Politics) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William McKinley

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Ohio, Stark County, Canton
William McKinley’s house, once located at this site, was the scene of his 1896 “front porch campaign” for President of the United States. During the campaign McKinley addressed about 750,000 people who came to his home in Canton. McKinley’s public service began when he volunteered at the start of the Civil War in 1861 as a private with the Union Army. He was discharged as a major after four years of service. Late McKinley became President of the Canton Y.M.C.A. and the Stark County Prosecutor. McKinley served in the United States House of Representatives between 1877 and 1891 and was then elected Governor of Ohio. He helped to found the Canton Public Library. McKinley won presidential elections in 1896 and 1900. His administration was characterized by high tariffs, money backed by gold, national prosperity, and the Spanish-American War. In 1901 an anarchist shot and killed President McKinley.

(Politics) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William McKinley

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Ohio, Stark County, Canton
A statesman singularly gifted to unite the discordant forces of government and mould the diverse purposes of men toward progressive and salutary action. A magistrate whose poise of judgment was tested and vindicated in a succession of national emergencies. Good citizen, brave soldier, wise executive, helper and leader of men. Exemplar to his people of the virtues that build and converse the state society and the home.

(Politics) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The McKinley National Memorial

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Ohio, Stark County, Canton
William McKinley served the nation as president, the people of Ohio as governor, and the citizens of his congressional district as a representative. McKinley was shot by an assassin in Buffalo, New York, in September 1901 and died several days later. The McKinley National Memorial, funded by children’s donations, was dedicated in 1907. It is the burial site of the 25th President. First Lady Ida Saxton McKinley, and two daughters. Designed by architect Harold Van Buren Magonigle, the pink Milford granite structure was designed a National Historic Landmark in 1975.

Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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