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North American F-86A "Sabre"

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Maxwell Air Force Base


The F-86, the USAF's first swept-wing jet fighter, made its initial flight on October 1, 1947. The first production mode flew on May 20, 1948, and on September 15, 1948, an F-86A set a new world speed record of 670.9 mph. Originally designed as a high-altitude day fighter, it was subsequently redesigned into an all-weather interceptor (F-86D) and a fighter-bomber (F-86H).

As a day fighter, the airplane saw service in Korea in three successive series (F-86A, E, and F), where it engaged the Russian-built MiG-15. By the end of hostilities, it had shot down 792 MiGs at a loss of only 76 Sabres, a victory ratio of 10 to 1.

More than 5,500 Sabre day fighters were built in the U.S. and Canada. The airplane was also used by the air forces of 20 other nations, including Australia, Britain, Japan, Spain, and West Germany.

The F-86A on display (S/N 49-1301) was delivered to the Wright Air Development Center at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, in May 1951. In November 1956, it was reassigned to the Sacramento Air Materiel Area, and in March 1960, it was sent to the 138th Tactical Fighter Squadron, Air National Guard, before being dropped from the USAF inventory in September 1960. It is dedicated to Lieutenant General Charles G. Cleveland.

Specifications
Span: 37 ft. 1 in.
Length: 37 ft. 6 in.
Height: 14 ft. 8 in.
Weight: 13,791 lbs. loaded
Armament: Six .50-cal. machine guns and eight 5 in. rockets or 2,000 lbs. of bombs
Engines: General Electric J47-GE-13 of 5,200 lbs. thrust
Crew: One
Cost: $178,000

Performance
Maximum speed: 685 mph
Cruising speed: 540 mph
Range: 1,200 miles
Service ceiling: 49,000 ft.

[Inset marker reads] The aircraft on display is actually an F-86A (AF Ser. No. 49-1301) but repainted to depict an F-86E (AF Ser. No. 51-2760) of the 334th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, 4th Fighter Interceptor Wing while stationed in the Pacific Theater during the Korean War. Its pilot, Lt Charles G. Cleveland, USAF, was then credited with four confirmed aerial victories and two 'probables.' In 2008, based on a review of the evidence, Lt Gen Charles G. Cleveland, USAF (Ret), was awarded credit for a fifth "kill" and thereby confirmed as having achieved the coveted status of "Ace."

This aircraft is on loan from the National Museum of the United States Air Force

(Air & Space • Patriots & Patriotism • War, Cold • War, Korean) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ithaca Conservatory of Music

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New York, Tompkins County, Ithaca
From this site the Ithaca Conservatory of Music founded in 1892 and its successor Ithaca College chartered in 1931 operated from 1911 to 1966

(Arts, Letters, Music • Education) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

First Court House

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New York, Tompkins County, Ithaca
Site of first Court House a primitive hall of justice built of wood in 1818 Erection prevented Tompkins Co. being reannexed to Seneca and Cayuga Counties

(Government) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Simeon De Witt

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New York, Tompkins County, Ithaca
Home site and burial place
1756-1834
Surveyor Gen. of N.Y. State.
Remains removed to Albany Rural Cemetery 1854.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Corregidor Lighthouse

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Philippines, Cavite Province, Corregidor Island

Corregidor Lighthouse is a functioning historic lighthouse located 6,972 miles west-southwest of San Francisco, 3,044 miles north-northeast of Sydney, Australia, 692 miles south of Hong Kong and 628 feet above sea level, on the topside of Corregidor Island, Philippines.

Delight in the breathtaking view of the Manila Bay, the South China Sea, Bataan and a bird’s eye-view of the island from atop the lighthouse.

The tower is 14.5 m (48 ft.) high. It consists of an octagonal whitewashed stone tower with a lantern and a double gallery that rises from the middle of the single–storey stone keeper’s house. There are windows which are arranged in the shape of crosses on the four sides of the tower. The lighthouse emits three white flashes every 20 seconds. The light, generated by solar panels, is visible as far as 36 miles away in the South China Sea. It has a focal plane of 193 m (633 ft.).

The lighthouse is one of the most important in the archipelago. The old Spanish lighthouse was constructed by Spaniards in 1835. It was commissioned in 1863 to guide ships entering and leaving Manila Bay and was improved by the Americans in 1900’s. Damaged in World War II in 1945, and repaired by Corregidor Foundation, Inc. (CFI) in 1989. The present-day complex includes Vessel Traffic System (VTS) Tower, Spanish Photo Exhibit and souvenir shops bounding the quadrangle. The lantern was replaced in the 1990's with a solar powered light as part of the Maritime Safety Improvement Project (MSIP) by the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG). In 1994, the MARINA improved the lighthouse tower by increasing its height and installing more luminous revolving lights.
Other facilities in the complex were constructed and maintained by CFI, the mandated administrator of Corregidor Island since 1987.

Adjacent to the Lighthouse Complex is the Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS) radar station tower located outside the quadrangle which was constructed by Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) and made operational in 2005 to monitor seacrafts in Manila Bay and guide them sailing similar with an airport control tower for aircrafts.

[Map/photo captions – left side column on marker panel]
Corregidor Island Tour Map . . .
The distance from Topside to Bottomside is three kilometers long. Its width is five kilometers at its widest point. Corregidor Island has an elevation of 626 feet above sea level at Topside and 50 feet above sea level at Bottomside.

The Lighthouse, 1899

The Lighthouse, 1945

[Photo captions – right side column on marker panel]
Topside: Aerial View

The Lighthouse Today

Vessel Traffic System (VTS) Tower

Seal of the Corregidor Foundation, Inc.

(Communications • Man-Made Features • Notable Buildings • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bee Sting Death

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New York, Ontario County, Shortsville
Second known in North America: on May 12, 1814 Timothy Ryan died within one hour from anaphylaxis to bee sting. U.S. 2000 est. 50 deaths/yr.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Peace & Goodwill Cemetery

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Alabama, Coosa County, near Rockford


Peace & Goodwill Cemetery is Coosa County's first African American Cemetery to be placed on the prestigious Alabama Historic Cemetery Register. It provides powerful insights about the diligence and commitment of our African Ancestors. Family lineages interred here include former slaves, sharecroppers, educators, preachers, soldiers, and successful businessmen and women. These graves mark the journey of entire generations born in the 1840s and buried in the early 1900s. Most notably, Rev. Jacob and Betsy Moore, former slaves, purchased and donated the land for the cemetery in 1868. Family names found in the cemetery include: Drake, Goggans, Thomas, Ransaw, Leonard, McKinney, Crawford, Royals, and Hoyett. Preservation of this cemetery ensures that the historical symbolism embodied herein will never vanish like so many others, now long forgotten.

(African Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

From Hunting Ground to City

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester
The site on which this city is built was once the land of the Seneca Tribe, part of the Iroquois Nation. The Seneca named this region Gen-nis-he-yo, which means "pleasant valley". Hunters and fishermen once roamed the lakeshore, riverside and nearby streams, for the Genesee Valley was rich with wildlife and fertile soil.

Enos Stone was the first permanent settler on the east side of the Genesee River. There he built the area's second saw mill, after the failure of Ebenezer "Indian" Allen's west-side mills. Construction of Rochester's first bridge over the Genesee in 1812 permitted rapid development on both sides of the river.

(Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Mills and Races

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester
In 1789 Ebenezer "Indian" Allen built the first saw and grist mills in the 100-acre tract. The tract was awarded to him in 1788 by Oliver Phelps during negotiations with the Seneca Tribe for the vast Phelps and Gorham Purchase. His mills, located near the present Aqueduct Street, fell into ruin. In 1812 Nathaniel Rochester, the new owner, reconstructed the raceway as a major power source. Other enterprising men blasted raceways: the Brown Brothers at the west end of the Upper Falls in 1816 and Johnson and Seymor at the east end of the small Upper Cascade in 1817.

Two are still in existence: the Johnson and Seymor Race, which spills out from under Rundel Memorial Library, and Brown's Race.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Front Street

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester
Front Street, once noted for its markets and first local homes of poor immigrants, no longer exists. Laid out in the 1820s as two long blocks, Front Street was lined by low brick buildings.

While the ground floors contained markets, small shops and saloons, the lofts housed successive waves of poor immigrants: Irish, Germans, Jews and, later, Italians. As they became established, they moved to other neighborhoods: Irish to "Dublin," Italians to "Mt. Allegro," Germans to the Brown Square area and Jews to Broad Street.

Over half the city's adult males in 1850 were foreign born. Later years brought new residents: southern blacks after World War II, Hispanics in the 1960's and Southeast Asians in the 1970's.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Main Street Bridge

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester
Before the first Main Street Bridge was completed in 1812, pioneers faced hazardous crossings of the Genesee River. In 1809, the state legislature ordered joint construction by Ontario and Genesee Counties of a bridge at the Old Falls. The new bridge linked development on both sides of the river and spurred formation of Monroe County, 1821.

When the present stone-arch bridge was completed in 1857, 3- and 4- story brick buildings lined both sides, obscuring the river view. Under a 1960's urban renewal program, the buildings were demolished to create Crossroads Park and Charles H. Carroll Plaza (named for one of Rochester's founders) which opened up river vistas downtown.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Genesee River

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester
The Genesee River, "Rochester's Greatest Scenic Asset," begins in Pennsylvania and flows north into Lake Ontario. The Genesee reaches Portageville as a sizeable river and plunges dramatically over three spectacular falls it carved through Letchworth Park.

It meanders northward to Rochester, where it feeds the Barge Canal, laps the shores of Genesee Valley Park and the University of Rochester's River Campus and extends north to the Couth Street Dam.

From the dam, it dips under Main Street and other bridges to plunge over the 96-foot Upper Falls and two lower falls, then flows gently past Seneca Park. Views from 13 traffic and 5 foot bridges afford Rochestarians a view of the Genesee's dramatic path.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

John Smith Explores the Chesapeake

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Virginia, York County, Yorktown
Captain John Smith explored the Chesapeake Bay in the early 1600s seeking precious metals and a passage to Asia. He traveled the James, Chickahominy, and York rivers in 1607, and led two major expeditions from Jamestown in 1608. Smith and his crew sailed and rowed a primitive 30-foot boat nearly 3,000 miles, reaching as far north as the Susquehanna River. Although Smith did not discover gold or a river passage to the Pacific, his precise map and detailed observations of American Indian societies and the abundant natural resources guided future explorers and settlers.

An Abundance of Life
Smith discovered a treasure trove of natural wonders in the Chesapeake region: thick forests of giant pines, oaks and hickories; vast marshlands; huge turtles, 800-pound sturgeon, and great schools of shad and striped bass. Massive flocks of ducks, geese, and swans darkened the sky; and enormous oyster reefs rose above the water’s surface.

Native Inhabitants
At the time of Smith’s exploration, an estimated 50,000 American Indians dwelled in the Chesapeake region—as their ancestors had for thousands of years. Their sophisticated societies included arts and architecture, systems of government, extensive trade and communication networks, and shared spiritual beliefs. The native peoples hunted, fished, grew crops, and gathered food and raw materials from the land and waterways.

(Exploration • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Boundary Waters Treaty

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Ontario, Niagara Falls
"It is further agreed that the waters herein defined as boundary waters and waters flowing across the boundary shall not be polluted on either side to the injury of health or property of the other."

Widely regarded as the first environmental agreement, the 1909 Boundary Waters Treaty was the first international treaty to articulate principles of boundary water resource development, to address cross-boundary pollution and to prohibit the diversion of boundary waters. Further, in establishing the International Joint Commission to prevent and resolve disputes between Canada and the United States, the Boundary Waters Treaty stands apart for its uncommonly good approach to natural resource governance and stewardship.

On June 13, 2009, the Governments of Canada and the United States commemorated the 100th Annversary of the Boundary Waters Treaty with a ceremony on the Rainbow Bridge overlooking Niagara Falls - its natural beauty protected under Article V. At that occasion, the Governments announced the opening of negotiations to update the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement to address modern environmental issues affecting the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. The cross-border Niagara region celebrated this historic event by organizing Boundary Waters Week, June 4-14, 2009.

"The Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 made official something that people from both sides of the border have known for generations: that the rivers, the lakes, the streams, the watersheds along our boundary do not belong to one nation or to another, but to both of us."
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Secretary of State, United States of America


"In its centenary year, the International Joint Commission remains a testament to the good will, hard work and forward thinking that bind our great nations together."
Lawrence Cannon
Minister of Foreign Affairs, Canada


A century of cooperation protecting our shared waters (logo) Un siecle de collaboration a proteger nos eaux communes

Boundary Waters Treaty Centennial Honorary Chairs

Congresswoman Louise M. Slaughter
Member of Parliament Rick Dykstra
Mayor of Niagara Falls, New York, Paul Dyster
Mayor of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Ted Salci
Consul General of Canada, Stephen Brereton
Consul General of the United States, John Nay

International Joint Commission Commissioners
Canadian Chair, Rt. Hon. Herb Gray
United States Chair, Hon. Irene Brooks
United States Commissioner, Allen Olsen
United States Commissioner, Sam Speck
Canadian Commissioner, Pierre Trepanier
Canadian Commissioner, Lyall Knott

(Environment • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Stephen Moore House

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New York, Orange County, West Point
Near this site stood the home of American
Patriot, Revolutionary War soldier,
and previous owner of West Point lands,
Colonel Stephen Moore. Moore’s home
served as General Washington’s headquarters
from July to November of 1779.

A gift of Stephen Moore’s descendants

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Destruction of The Caroline, 1837

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Ontario, near Chippawa
On the night of December 29-30, 1837, some 60 volunteers acting on the orders of Col. Allen Napier MacNab, and commanded by Capt. Andrew Drew, R.N., set out from Chippawa in small boats to capture the American steamer "Caroline". That vessel, which had been supplying William Lyon Mackenzie's rebel forces on Navy Island, was moored at Fort Schlosser, N.Y. There she was boarded by Drew's men, her crew killed or driven ashore, and after an unsuccessful attempt to start the engines, her captors set the ship afire and left her to sink in the Niagara River. This action almost precipitated war between Britain and the United States.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Niagara River Remedial Action Plan

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Ontario, near Chippawa
Niagara's beauty has been an inspiration for today's environmental movement. Early conservationists such as George Catlin and Frederick Olmstead, who invented the concept of national parks, came to view its wonders. Nurtured by such visions and encouraged by the leadership of Colonel Casimir Gzowski, The Niagara Parks Commission established the first provincial park in Ontario in 1885.
The Remedial Action Plan (RAP) today unites concerned citizens committed to restoring Niagara's ecosystem for present and future generations.

La beauté du Niagara est un source d’inspiration du mouvement écologique d’aujourd’hui. Les premiers protecteurs de l’environment, comme George Catlin et Frederick Olmstead qui ont inventé la formule des parcs nationaux, sont venus contempler le site. Alimentée par de telles visions et encouragée par l’esprit d’initiative du colonel Casimir Gzowski, la Commission des parcs du Niagara a crée en 1885 le premier parc de l’Ontario.
De nos jours, le Plan d’assainissement (PA) unit les citoyens qui se sont engages a restaurer l’ecosystème du Niagara pour les generations actuelles et futures.

(Environment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Miami Circle

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Florida, Miami-Dade County, Miami
The Miami Circle
at Brickell Point
has been designated a
National Historic Landmark

This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America.
The Miami Circle is a 38-foot diameter ring of post holes carved into bedrock, dating between 500 B.C.E. and 750 C.E. The circle is the foundation of a wooden structure built by the ancestors of the Tequesta people. The site's well-preserved outline of American Indian architecture, artifacts indicating regional and long-distance trade, ceremonial use of animals, and association with the Tequesta people contribute to its national significance.

(Anthropology • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War at Frying Pan Spring Meeting House

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Virginia, Fairfax County, near Herndon
The Frying Pan Spring Meeting House witnessed much Civil war activity. Union and Confederate military records mention the location numerous times as a meeting place and a site of skirmishes. In 1861 and 1862, encampments of Confederate troops occupied the surrounding woods and fields. Confederate Cavalry General J.E.B. Stuart and partisan ranger Colonel John Singleton Mosby and their men often stopped here. Nearby, Mosby and his men received crucial information from Confederate sympathizers. The building was pressed into service as a field hospital for the sick and wounded by the Confederate Army. At least three Confederate veterans are buried in the cemetery.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Boegel and Hine Flour Mill

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Missouri, Greene County, Fair Grove
Built in 1883 and operated until 1969. It has significantly contributed to the history of Fair Grove and Greene County.

Greene County Historic Sites Board April, 1987

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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