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Gun Emplacement

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Virginia, Richmond
To large pits on top of this hill were intended for cannons to guard this prison island from northern attack. Rapids actually protected the island, there was never an attack, and no guns were ever installed.
Sign funded by: Blue Ridge Mt. Sports

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Break Rapids

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Virginia, Richmond
In 1969 Hurricane Camille punched a hole in this dam that once funneled water to power plants on Belle Isle and below Hollywood Cemetery. It's now a popular boating site. Notice how a small current on the far side goes back upstream offering an opportunity to continually re-run the rapids.
Sign funded by: Sierra Club

(Disasters • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Quarry Pond

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Virginia, Richmond
Granite blocks were cut and winched up from the 19 foot deep quarry pit. Workers, mostly black prisoners, hit 2 cracks that led to the river. Water entered continually and the site was abandoned. Sunfish now live in the shallows, catfish at the bottom and bass cruise in between. Watch for big turtles like yellow bellied River Cooters.
Sign funded by: Richmond Sierra Club

(African Americans • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Quarry Equipment

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Virginia, Richmond
Winches mounted here hauled rough granite out of the quarry pit and down to the rail connection at the ast end of the island. Steam from boilers powered the drills. The use of concrete here foretells the end of the cut stone industry -- between 1900-1910.
Sign funded by: Richmond Audubon Society

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hollywood Rapids

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Virginia, Richmond
The rapids to your left are named for the cemetery on the hill straight ahead. The granite rocks that cause them are part of a geological scar that stretches 1000 miles from New Jersey to Georgia. It resulted from the clash of the continents of Africa and North America 250 million years ago.

The curved shaped rocks are the result of silt in the river grinding down the granite. Flat and sharp-edged rocks (seen at low water levels) are a result of former quarrying operations. Some curb and cobblestones downtown probably came from here.

The white water is a result of river current falling back up stream after it goes over a rock. It can be easily seen in the small riffles below you. Can you also find the miniature V-shaped tongues of smooth water that mark the entrances to even tiny rapids?
Funded by a donation to the J.R.P. Fund by Blue Ridge Mt. Sports

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles H. Noyes

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Texas, Runnels County, Ballinger
(1896-1917) Charles H. Noyes, 21, died when his horse fell while rounding up cattle on the Noyes' ranch. His father and mother, Gus and Lula Noyes, erected monument in 1919 as a tribute to their son and all Texas cowboys.

Pompeo Coppini of Chicago studied horses two years before sculpturing the statue.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Memorial

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Kansas, Lyon County, Americus


In memory of
our dead soldiers

In memory of our
sisters who are gone.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Breaching Point

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Israel, Southern District (Mehoz HaDarom), near Arad
Here the siege of Masada ended. The ramp that the Romans had built up to the summit of the mountain reached to below this point. At the top of the ramp rose the siege tower, and in it was the battering ram with which the Romans assaulted the casemate wall. However, the rebels had built a wall of earth and wood, against which the battering ram was ineffective:

"Observing this, Silva, thinking it easier to destroy this wall by fire, ordered his soldiers to hurl at it showers of burning torches... At the first outbreak of the fire, a north wind which blew in the faces of the Romans caused them alarm; for diverting the flame from above, it drove it against them... Then suddenly the wind veering, as if by divine providence, to the south and blowing with full force in the opposite direction, wafted and flung the flames against the wall, which now through and through was all ablaze."

Josephus Flavius

When night fell, and it was clear that the situation was hopeless and that the Romans would break in at dawn, Eleazar Ben Ya'ir assembled his followers and called for mass suicide:

The Romans, expecting further opposition... were at a loss to conjecture what had happened... Here encountering the mass of the slain, instead of exulting as over enemies, they admired the nobility of their resolve and the contempt of death displayed by so many in carrying it, unwavering, into execution."

Josephus Flavius

The excavations here uncovered ballista balls and arrowheads numerous slingshots and signs of burning, evidence of the battle that raged at this spot.

(Forts, Castles • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Columbarium Tower (dovecot)

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Israel, Southern District (Mehoz HaDarom), near Arad
Why did the king raise doves on the mountain?

There were three columbarium towers on Masada. The one in front of us was used as a dovecot in its ground floor, and as a watchtower in its upper story. In the walls of the dovecot are several hundred niches in which the doves roosted. They supplied meat for Masada's inhabitants and guests, and probably also fertilizer for agricultural crops.

(Agriculture • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The "Casemate of the Scrolls"

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Israel, Southern District (Mehoz HaDarom), near Arad
A large and rare concentration of finds from the time of the revolt was found in a corner of the room of the wall in which we stand: inscribed sheets of papyrus, fragments of scrolls, silver shekel coins, textiles, sandals, and glass vessels and bone implements. Among the finds was the pay record of a Roman cavalryman in the Tenth Legion. The most interesting finds were the scroll fragments, some of which show that during the siege there were members of different sects on the mountain. The finds were gathered here by Roman soldiers collecting booty after the fall of Masada. On the floor of the room were found ballista balls and rolling stones, which came from the roof of the casemate and the nearby tower.

(Churches, Etc. • Forts, Castles • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Town of Leno

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Florida, Alachua County, near Mikesville
Originally called "Keno", for a variation of lotto gambling, the town was settled in the 1860's. Ecclesiastical and commercial pressure changed the name to "Leno" in 1876. A grist and saw mill, cotton gin, stores, and hotel sprang up in the settlement. Railroad construction bypassed the town, and by the 1890's Leno became a ghost town. The site of old Leno (O'Leno) was purchased by the state as a park and forestry station in 1934

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Phelps Building

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California, Fresno County, Coalinga
October 8, 1910, Coalinga Daily Oil Record:
Phelps Building Asset to Coalinga
Excellent View of Coalinga’s Wonderful Field Can Be Obtained From Roof of Sky Scraper”
"One of the recent additions to the city of Coalinga and what gives the busy oil town a metropolis like appearance is the three-story brick structure that occupies the corner of Fifth and C streets in the heart of the city. Mr. Phelps who became prominent to the oil world through his connection with the renowned Silver Tip Well, in which he was a stockholder and took active part in its drilling. In the erection of the Phelps building, a departure from the main business portion of the city was made by owner Mr. I. Zed Phelps, a prominent operator both of Coalinga and other fields. In the third story of this magnificent building erected at a cost of approximately $50,000, is housed the Growlers Club, composed of most of the leading oil operators in the field and businessmen of the city. The second story has been put in first class shape for an ideal dancing pavilion and may also be converted to a social hall. In the ground floor, the independent Meat Co. has installed a meat market, the fixtures and appliances of which are not excelled in any shop of its size in the state. The corner room will soon be fitted up to be occupied by a large cash mercantile establishment.”

(Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

B.M. Food Market

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California, Fresno County, Coalinga
At the age of 16, in the year of 1897, Baptiste migrated from Les Barraques, France, to homestead in the Jacalitos canyon, with a desire to be a cattleman. For living expenses, Baptiste worked fourteen years as an A.P. May store clerk-manager.
The start of a family at his homestead, miles from a town and a school, decision had to be made. So Baptiste Motte turned in his horse and saddle and purchased a model T traveling grocery store on wheels. This was the beginning – from house to house in town and from oil lease to oil lease to serve the people with groceries

Baptiste’s first downtown store was in the Bertrich Block – later known as the Kettleman Apartments. He bought a building at the corner of Fifth and Cedar in 1929, built by Mr. B. Pasch in 1908. The building became the “B.M. Food Market” and remained there until the earthquake of 1983.

Dedicated to John and Lois Motte

(Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bathing in Roman Style

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Israel, Southern District (Mehoz HaDarom), near Arad
"The fittings of the interior - apartments, colonnades and baths - were of manifold variety and sumptuous ..."

Josephus Flavius

Beyond the human need for cleanliness, the bathhouse also had a social function. Bathing and the associated physical activities were an important element in Roman social and cultural life, to which Herod aspired. This was where the king and his guests met, bathed and exercised. The sophisticated bathing arrangements, which are reminiscent of a dry sauna in our days, the vivid wall paintings and the colorful stone floors demonstrate the opulence, the high standard of living and the importance that Herod assigned to the bathhouses in his palaces. Bathing took place in the rooms inside the building, and the bathers exercised in the courtyard, which was surrounded by a roofed colonnade.

In the period of the revolt, the bathhouse was adapted to the rulings relating to bathing and purity in Jewish law. We find evidence of this in the two ritual bath (mikvehs) and the bench built from drums of the dismantled columns of the courtyard.

(Anthropology • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Synagogue of Jesus

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Israel, Northern District, Capharnaum
The Late Fourth Century A.D.
"White Synagogue"
Built Upon the Remains of the
"Synagogue of Jesus"


(Anthropology • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Bertrich Block

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California, Fresno County, Coalinga
A story in the “Coalinga Oil Record: described it as, “A two story modern brick building, of which the second story is under construction, and when completed will be one of the most modern equipped apartment houses in the valley.” The lower story, which was built some time ago, was occupied by some of Coalinga’s business houses. The grocery firm of “Burke & Tennant” occupied the corner store. It constantly had on display an excellent line of groceries and cereals. The room next to the grocery was occupied by the “Usher” Waist shop, which carried an elegant line of ladies’ waists and furnishings. In the store adjoined was “Mrs. Henry’s” Millinery establishment, with an excellent display of millinery and hat trimmings. Then came the “Vogue” which carried one of the swellest lines of ladies’ goods and notions on display in the valley. The last business house was the “W. Smith Hardware and Sporting Goods.”

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pleasant Valley Hotel

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California, Fresno County, Coalinga
The Pleasant Valley Hotel was erected by a number of local men to fill an urgent need of the city. The other hotels and boarding houses were filled to overflowing every night, and many a visitor had to spend the night on the streets. It was later purchased by Messrs. Patterson and Roberts, who made a number of changes for the better. The hotel was one of the finest buildings in the city.
There are pictures of an earlier Pleasant Valley Hotel, dating back to the mid-1800’s, made of lumber, hauled in by ten horse teams and wagons. This was for real the wild west.

(Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Rockwell Building

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California, Fresno County, Coalinga
Jim Rockwell started construction on his hotel during the oil boom of the 1900’s. The boom was unsurpassed in fast money, hard work, and rough play. People were sleeping in the streets with their pockets full of money and no place to stay. The Rockwell Building served these needs as a hotel upstairs and a business center on the ground level until 1983.

(Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Ship into San Francisco Bay

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
On August 5 1775, the Spanish Packet San Carlos, under the command of Lieutenant Juan Manuel Ayala, became the first ship to sail into San Francisco Bay. A month and a half was spent in surveying the Bay from its southern most reaches to the northern end of present-day Suisun Bay. The San Carlos departed on September 18, 1775.

California Registered Historical Landmark No. 236.

Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the San Francisco Twin Bicenntennial, Inc., August 5, 1975.

(Exploration • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

HL-10

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California, Kern County, Edwards AFB
Flown 37 times by Nasa's Flight Research Center,
Edwards Air Force Base, California
First Flight December 22, 1966
Final Flight July 17,1970

Maxium Speed and Altitude Records for
Lifting Bodies Held By The HL-10:
Mach 1.86 (1228 M.P.H.) and 90,300 Feet

Pilots Bruce A. Peterson • John A. Manke • Peter C. Hoag • Jerauld R. Gentry • William H. Dana

The HL-10 was part of a program that investigated blunt-shaped vehicles, called lifting bodies, which led to the selection of a lifting entry configuration for the space shuttle. Results from the lifting body flights greatly aided shuttle designers in the decision to land the orbiter as an unpowered glider.

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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