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Fenton House

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Fenton, Michigan.
Constructed soon after the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad reached town in 1855, this hotel has been a favorite resting and dining spot for over a century. It was said in 1883 that the guests were "entertained in a style unsurpassed in many large cities." The interior decor of the hotel is much as it was at the turn of the century. However, the exterior was altered by the destruction of the front porch in 1904 by a team of runaway horses. The Fenton House is one of the oldest hotels in continuous operation in Michigan.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Home Front Legacy

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Richmond, California.
"The war shed light on America's promise. It created an explosion that accelerated change all the way into the 1960s." -- Betty Reid Suskin

With World War II officially ended, Richmond filled with celebration in September, 1945. Years would pass before residents fully understood how much the war changed their lives.
A wave of new civilians bought homes and enrolled in college thanks to the "GI Bill." Although "old-timers" expected them to go home, most wartime migrants remained in the Bay Area. Having fought for democracy, veterans of home front and battlefield would not accept second-class status; the path to integrated schools, fair housing and workplace equity was worn by their marching feet.
Women had succeeded at men's work, and they wanted more. George Johnson remembered: "They couldn't understand why men made so much fuss over their job when it was so easy to weld." Though many lost jobs when the men came home, their daughters enrolled their children in day care (almost nonexistent before the war) then entered the trades, corporate offices and boardrooms.
Wartime demands had inspired new approaches to social needs. Affordable housing and childcare centers sprang up around Richmond's shipyards. Kaiser offered pre-paid healthcare to a newly integrated workforce. Those innovations were models for social progress, a glimpse of what could be achieved in time of crisis, and a motivation to accomplish more in time of peace.

(Industry & Commerce • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Byhalia School Veterans Memorial

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Byhalia, Ohio.
The Community and Alumni of Byhalia School dedicate this memorial to all the men and women of our surrounding area who served, during World War II, in all branches of Military Service to Defend the United States of America.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Olden House

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Princeton, New Jersey.
At Washington's request, the Olden family cared for British wounded in this house after the Battle of Princeton.

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Betsey Stockton

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Princeton, New Jersey.
Betsey Stockton (1798-1865) began life as a slave for the prominent Stockton family in Princeton. When she gained her freedom at the age of 20, she became a missionary, traveling to Hawaii (Sandwich Islands), Canada and Philadelphia, teaching school and sometimes serving as an unofficial nurse. Stockton returned to Princeton in 1835, living in a small house on Witherspoon Street, in a primarily African-American neighborhood. She spent the rest of her life working to enrich the lives of members of her local community. Betsey was one of the first members of the Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church, originally called the First Presbyterian Church of Colour in Princeton. Betsey Stockton taught children in a small building on Witherspoon Street. She continued to teach the children when the Witherspoon School for Colored Children was established. When Betsey Stockton died in Princeton at the age of 67, she was memorialized by former students who donated a stained glass window in her honor to the church.

“Of African blood and born in slavery she became fitted by education and divine grace for life of great usefulness, for many years was a valued missionary at the Sandwich Islands in the family of Rev. C. S. Stewart, and afterwards till her death, a popular and able Principal of Public schools in Philadelphia and Princeton honored and beloved by a large circle of Christian Friends.”
Inscription on Ms. Stockton’s tombstone.

(Inscription in the two boxes on the right) (Top box)
The Witherspoon Street Presbyterian Church was originally known as the First Presbyterian Church of Colour in Princeton and it was at this site that Elizabeth “Betsey” Stockton began a Sabbath School for African-American children.

(Bottom box)
The New Jersey Women’s Heritage Trail highlights a collection of historic sites located around the state that represent the significant contributions women made to the history of our state. The Heritage Trail brings to life the vital role of women in New Jersey’s past and present.

(Churches, Etc. • Education • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Ford Assembly Building

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Richmond, California.
Four panels, in two sets of two, describe the pre- and post-war history and uses of the Ford Assembly Building:

1930-1939 Ford Model A
"Quality means doing it right when no one is looking." -- Henry Ford

The Ford Motor Company Assembly Plant in Richmond, California was constructed in the 1930s to produce the new Ford Model A. The factory influenced the development of the inner harbor and port, and as the largest automobile assembly plant on the West Coast, it boosted the local and regional economy during the Great Depression.
Designed by the renowned 20th-century industrial architect Albert Kahn, the 525,000 square foot Ford Assembly Building utilizes natural light from a vast array of windows and skylights (Kahn's trademark "daylight factory"), and has the open-space environment typical of his structures.
Sometimes called 'the architect of Detroit', Albert Kahn worked on more than 1000 commissions from Henry Ford and hundreds from other automakers. The Ford Assembly Building is one of approximately sixty Albert Kahn buildings on the National Register of Historic Places.

"Architecture is 90% business, 10% art." -- Albert Kahn

1940-1945 The War Years
During World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt banned production of civilian automobiles. To support the war effort, the Ford Assembly Plant was retooled to assemble jeeps and process tanks, armored cars, half-tracks, personnel carriers, and other combat vehicles. Named The Richmond Tank Depot, the plant became one of only three tank depots in the entire United States. In just three years, approximately 49,000 jeeps were assembled here, and 91,000 other military vehicles underwent modifications before being shipped overseas.
On the Home Front, women and men, African Americans, minorities and whites, worked side by side of the first time in American history to meet the monumental production demands essential to winning the war.

1956-2004 Abandoned
After World War II, the devastation to the local economy as a result of the closing of the Kaiser Shipyards would have been crippling, had it not been for the continued production of the Ford Assembly Plant. However, the last car rolled out in 1953. Due to inability to accommodate increased productivity demands, the facility closed in 1956 after Ford transferred production to a new San Jose plant.
The building served briefly as a film set, book depository, and lab, and was largely underused for decades.
In 1989, the Loma Prieta Earthquake severely damaged the Ford Assembly Building. Demolition was contemplated, as developers failed to find a financially viable way for its reuse while adhering to preservation standards set for the historic landmark site. It remained abandoned and condemned until rehabilitation began in 2004.

Today: Iconic Destination
Orton Development, Inc., with Marcy Wong Donn Logan Architects completed the rehabilitation of the 525,000 square foot Ford Assembly Building in 2009. Today, research & development, office, retail, and industrial tenants enjoy state-of-the-art amenities in the historic building. The original south-facing sawtooth roof supports a one-megawatt solar power plant.
The project has won multiple design and sustainability awards, including the National Trust for Historic Preservation Design Award in 2008, and the AIA Honor Award for Architecture in 2011.
The 45,000 square foot bay front Craneway Pavilion, the southernmost portion of the complex, now offers the finest event space in the Bay Area, with stunning architecture and breathtaking views. A 100-seat restaurant is stationed amongst the restored original equipment of the historic Boiler Room. The former Oil House is home to the NPS Rosie the Riveter World War II.Home Front Visitor Education Center.

(Notable Buildings • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

On this site was born Fitz John Porter

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Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
While his father Capt. John Porter, U.S.N.
Commanded the Portsmouth Navy Yard.
Graduated West Point, July 1845
Distinguished himself and was wounded in War with Mexico
1846-1847.
Instructor of Artillery and Cavlary
West Point 1854-1855.
Asst. Adj. Gen. Utah Expedition 1854.
During Civil War
Brev. Brig. Gen. U.S.A. June 27, 1862
Maj. Gen. U.S. Vol. July 4, 1862
Commanded Army Corps.
Cashiered Jan. 21st. 1863.
The case of Gen. Porter was reviewed by
A Board of Officers appointed by
President Hayes
Consisting of
Lieut. Gen. J. M. Schofield
Brev. Maj. Gen. A.H. Terry
Brev. Maj. Gen. G.W. Getty
Hon. Joseph H. Choate Counsel for Gen Porter
The Board fully exonerated him
Their judgement was approved by
General U.S. Grant.
Finally by both Houses of Congress
He was restored to his former
rank in the Regular Army
by President Cleveland
Died at Morristown, New Jersey
May 21st, 1901

(War, US Civil • War, Mexican-American) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Governor William Franklin’s Home

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Willingboro, New Jersey.
William Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin, and last royal governor of New Jersey, had his country home here and owned the property from 1770-1785. As a boy he participated in the lightning experiment with his father. Appointed governor in 1763 by George III, he was arrested in June 1776 by the provincial congress for his loyalist sympathies. He died in England in 1813.

(Colonial Era • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cherry Hill Monument

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Cherry Hill, New Jersey.
The Cherry Hill area was at times occupied by both forces in the Revolutionary War in 1777. Continental soldiers joined with local farmers in destroying strategic bridges across the Newton and Timer Creeks to delay the Hessians who were marching toward Redbank where the Continental army had set up a fort which was the keystone of defense for the entire Delaware Valley area. The Marquis de Lafayette camped on this site on his way to the battle of Gloucester in March of 1777. In 1774, General “Mad Anthony” Wayne and Count Pulaski routed British forces between here and Haddonfield. In an area hallowed by a score of such incidents involving farmer and soldier, famous figures of history and anonymous patriots alike, Cherry Hill is proud to commemorate all who made such notable local contribution to national destiny. (Reverse side) Cherry Hill opened October 11, 1961.

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jamestown Oak

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Jamestown, New York.

Jamestown Oak
Named to the New York State
Historic Tree Registry, the
white oak at this site
sprouted about 1820 and saw
the growth of the community.

(Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Walter Edward Washington

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Jamestown, New York.

Walter Edward Washington
1915 - 2003
Born in Dawson, GA; raised in this
neighborhood; graduated JHS 1933,
Howard University (law degree) 1948
Director, National Capital
Housing Authority 1961-1966
Mayor, Washington, DC 1967-1978

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The First Theater

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Jamestown, New York.

The First Theater
Site of Allen's Opera House
a frame structure, 100 feet by 60 feet
seating up to 1500
Abner E. Allen, proprietor
Opened September 3, 1874
Destroyed by fire January 21, 1881

(Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

1840 Grindstone from Fenton Mills

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Fenton, Michigan.

The flouring mill produced 120 barrels of flour a day. It stood on the site where the Fenton City Hall is now.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Baker Street Airfield

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Jamestown, New York.

Baker Street Airfield
Aviators from WWI and other
adventurous men and women became
the barnstormers of the 1920s, some of
them using this former pasture for air
shows and offering rides to the public.
This was Jamestown's first airfield.

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Prendergast

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Jamestown, New York.

Here in 1811
James Prendergast
built a log house, saw
mill and dam, beginning
of Jamestown industry.
Buildings burned 1812.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

1834 Clark Dibble Settlement

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Fenton, Michigan.

This is where it all began—the site on which the first settler, Clark Dibble, built a small home and mill dam, naming the town "Dibbleville".

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Underground R.R.

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Jamestown, New York.

Here stood a station of
Underground R.R.
in which Catherine Harris
did heroic service
for fugitive slaves.

(Abolition & Underground RR) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ohio's Last Ottawas / Swanton

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Swanton, Ohio.

Text on the A Side of the Marker:
Ohio's Last Ottawas
Here in the Oak Openings Region of northwest Ohio, some of the last Ottawa villages in Ohio lined the banks of Swan Creek during the 1830s. These Native Americans were led by Chief Ottokee (Autokee), a descendant of Pontiac, and half brother to another Ottawa Chief named Wauseon. Known for being honest and friendly, Ottokee was the last Ottawa chief in the Maumee Valley, for years refusing to go when the last of his people were removed to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Text on the B Side of the Marker:
Swanton
In 1835 a road opened from Maumee to the Indiana State line, running through this area. Swanton emerged here, near the Ottawa village, as a frontier town with several shops and hotels for pioneers heading west. To the east, a tollbooth and junction from Toledo known as the Chicago Pike opened. With the arrival of the railroad, 'Old Swanton' was outstripped and moved to its present location. The Swanton Township Hall was originally a schoolhouse, built in 1909 and served as such until 1938.

(Native Americans • Education • Settlements & Settlers • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Thomas Day

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Raleigh, North Carolina.
Sculptor's representation of Thomas Day, a free African American in Caswell County who created fashionable furniture and architectural elements before the Civil War.

In memory of Dellie Hardison Smith, dedicated leader of North Carolina arts and humanities.

(Industry & Commerce • War, US Civil • African Americans • Architecture) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Celeron Expedition

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Jamestown, New York.

Celeron Expedition Captain Pierre Joseph Celeron de Blainville in 1749 with a force of 213 soldiers and Indians traveled down Chautauqua Lake and the Chadakoin River to the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers renewing the French claim to the watershed.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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