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George Schaffer

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California, Nevada County, Truckee
One of Truckee’s earliest settlers. Schaffer in 1866 built the first lumber mill in the town. He freighted the locomotive San Mateo to Truckee in a winter crossing of the Sierra prior to the laying of Central Pacific tracks. This building “The Star Hotel” was built by Schaffer probably for his family. When mill operations were relocated up Martis Creek in 1871, this building was converted to a hotel and has remained in continuous operation until this day. For 24 years, the Truckee Basin supplied timber to railroads, mines and boom towns through “Uncle George’s” enterprises.

(Horticulture & Forestry • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Rosenberg Family

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Texas, Navarro County, Corsicana
Ben Rosenberg (1862-1929) emigrated from Poland to the United States about 1882. After living several years in Waco, he settled in Corsicana about 1890. Rosenberg soon became the proprietor of the Cotton Exchange Saloon and in 1902 opened the Rosenberg Implement Company. Known for his generosity and his interest in civic affairs, Rosenberg also was active in Corsicana's large Jewish community. This home, which he built for his wife, Rachel (Goldberg), and their son, remained in the Rosenberg family for more than fifty years.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Island Mound Memorial

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Missouri, Bates County, near Butler


Here, on October 29, 1862 was the first crucible to test the mettle of formerly enslaved black men during the Civil War.

Here, a group of volunteers faced battle with the certainty of only two outcomes - victory or death - for there would be no quarters given to a black man who had taken up arms.

Here, in uniforms issued on behalf of a country that had not yet emancipated them, they revealed courage and tenacity under fire.

Here, the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry defeated a force rebellious to the Federal government laying to rest doubts that former slaves could perform as soldiers.

Here, their bravery and determination helped our nation better understand the founding fathers' words "all men are created equal."

Here, on October 27, 2012 we memorialize their victory and the American freedoms they fought for so bravely.

(African Americans • Civil Rights • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Toothman Farm

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Missouri, Bates County, near Butler

After the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, pro-slavery Missourians and free-state Kansans fought over whether Kansas should enter the Union as a slave or free state. The fighting was so intense that the conflict was called "Bleeding Kansas."

In 1861, when the Civil War began, most Bates County, Mo. residents supported the Confederacy. Because Bates County bordered Kansas, guerrilla warfare from both states was rampant.

Federal authorities considered the Toothman family, who came to Missouri from Virginia, Southern sympathizers. John Toothman, the 23-year-old son of Enoch and Christina Toothman, rode with Bill Turman, a local bushwhacker. These guerrillas often sought refuge on Hog Island, an area formed by the Marais-des-Cygnes River. John Toothman joined in the ambush of a Union foraging party on May 15, 1862, in which three Federal soldiers were killed. He was later arrested and confined at Fort Lincoln, Kan.

"There is a strip of land between the Marais-des-Cygnes, and a long connecting slough, known as "The Island." This has long been infested with more or less bushwhackers, who have carried all their plunder off to it for safekeeping. Lately, they have been increasing in strength and boldness, until they had become the terror of all good citizens for miles around."
Lawrence [Kan.] Republican,
Nov. 6, 1862

In October 1862, the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry received orders to march into Bates County and break up the rebel encampments on Hog Island. The Kansas troops took over the Toothman home, about two and a half miles north of Hog Island. They made camp around the house, used the fence rails for fortifications and dubbed it "Fort Africa."

Women of the Toothman household were present when the soldiers arrived and were questioned about the presence of guerrillas in the area. The adult males, probably rebel sympathizers if not outright guerrillas, made themselves scarce during the occupation of their farm.

"We camped within Toothman's yard, throwing up a rail barricade and raising a flag. We named the place, "Fort Africa."
Lt. R. Hinton

Clues to the Past
Even though there appears to be nothing left of the Toothman farmstead or Fort Africa, clues to the past remain beneath the ground. By using a combination of research with historical records and archaeological investigation techniques, archaeologists are piecing together bits of the past to reveal the history of the Toothman property.

An 1859 land survey shows no structures on the Toothman property but a house was on the property by 1862 when the First Kansas camped here. None of the accounts from the time of the Battle of Island Mound describe the house or its exact location. In order to find the location of the Toothman house, archaeologists have carried out investigations that included metal detecting, geophysical survey and excavation. Archaeologists plan to do more work in the future to try to definitively determine the location of the Toothman house.

An 1875 plat map shows a Methodist Episcopal Church on the property and no other structures. The church was built sometime around 1870 and was probably gone from the property by the 1930s. Archaeologists have uncovered the church site in their investigations.

There are still many questions about the Battle of Island Mound, the Tootman farm and Fort Africa. Artifacts and other evidence provide clues that help to tell the story about what really happened at this site.

(African Americans • Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Confluence of the Big and Little Arkansas Rivers

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


This marker locates the original confluence of the Big and Little Arkansas Rivers. On August 15, 1865, near this point Jesse Chisholm met with the Plains Indian chiefs and headmen to agree on a treaty signing which occurred the following October, 6½ miles due north from this site.

(Animals • Industry & Commerce • Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Spanish-American War Memorial

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


In commemoration of those who on land and sea served their country in the Spanish-American War

This cannon was captured in the Spanish-American war in the year 1898, was presented by the United States to the state of Kansas, and assigned to Wichita by Gov. W.E. Stanley, June 15th 1900.

This Cannon accepted by mayor Finlay Ross, Aug. 6th, 1900 on behalf of the citizens of Wichita, and assigned to Riverside Park and located by park commissioners C.L. Davidson, G.M. Dickson, B.F. McLain

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Maurice Clifton Naftzger

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


A member of a pioneer banking family which settled in Wichita during the 'boom' period of 1886, Mr. Naftzger devoted nearly seventy years of his life to banking. As an ardent patron of the arts and because of his strong ties to the city he grew up with, Mr. Naftzger contributed much to our cultural heritage. His gifts were directed to the fields of education, art and music. The Naftzger Art Collection, donated to the Wichita Art Museum, is one of the finest in the country. Major contributions were also presented to the Wichita Symphony and the Wichita Public Library. The Naftzger name is still prominent in the cultural life of our city through continued participation by the family.
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The kiss of the sun for pardon,
the song of the birds for mirth,
one is nearer God's heart in the garden
than anywhere else on earth.
Dorothy Frances Gurney

Park Dedication Mar. 13, 1979

(Arts, Letters, Music • Charity & Public Work • Environment • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Area History

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


This site, originally platted in December, 1870, dates back to Wichita's early development with the establishment of the Wichita & Southwestern Railroad, later absorbed by the Santa Fe System. The railroad was completed at Wichita in May, 1872 and the town's commercial enterprises responded by "reaching out to it", thus developing Douglas Avenue to this location. The Stock Pens, three blocks to the southeast, were visible from this point. From there thousands of cattle were shipped to the Eastern markets from the Chisholm Trail. The original depot was located on the north side of Douglas Avenue where the overpass is today. In 1883, a mule-drawn streetcar system was established along Douglas Avenue terminating at the depot. The "drummers" (hotel runners), who rode the cars were always trying to outdo each other by hollering the virtues of their respective hotels to passengers on the cars. The slow-moving cars passed this location on Douglas Avenue. Two "fancy" hotels of note were adjacent to this land. The Carey, larger of the two, was located across the street west, with the Tremont across the street south on William Street. St. Francis was originally named Fourth Avenue, later changed to Tremont after the historic hotel. After the Tremont was razed, a "Red Light" District began to flourish along Tremont Avenue from the railroad trade. Later, the city council took action to regain respectability for the area by renaming the avenue St. Francis after its counterpart to the north. Cary Nation's famous temperance raid on the Carey Hotel bar occurred on the morning of December 27, 1900, and has contributed to the rich history of this area.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Moe Bandy

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Mississippi, Lauderdale County, Meridian
(Front text)
Born in Meridian and the grandson of the railway yard manager where Jimmie Rodgers worked, Moe Bandy became one of country music’s most popular singers of the 1970s and ‘80s. A master of honky tonk as well as cowboy songs that reflected his early rodeo work, he was successful as a solo recording artist, as a member of the “Moe and Joe” duo with Joe Stampley, and later as a prime live attraction in Branson, Missouri.
(Reverse text)
   Moe Bandy was born Marion Franklin Bandy, Jr., in Meridian on February 12, 1944. He was the grandson of the man who employed Jimmie Rodgers at the local railway yard and the son of a guitar-playing father and piano- playing mother who always had Jimmie Rodgers and Hank Williams records playing. The Bandy family relocated to San Antonio, Texas, when Moe (as his father nicknamed him) was six. Raised as a working cowboy, he would occasionally appear with his dad’s country band but focused more on his main early interest, bronco busting and bull riding, competing in rodeos professionally by age sixteen. His brother Mike became a celebrated bull rider, and the brothers were inducted into the Texas Rodeo Cowboy Hall of Fame in 2007, but Moe, injured too often in the competitions, did most of his cowboy work in song. He started a long-time job as a sheet metal worker after finishing high school, and at night, beginning in 1962, appeared in San Antonio clubs with his country band, Moe and the Mavericks.
   He would see regional television success, but several small label recordings went nowhere. When Bandy self- financed sessions with producer Ray Baker in 1972-’73, one recording, “I Just Started Hatin’ Cheatin’ Songs Today” was picked up by GRC Records and became a No. 11 national hit. Honky tonk themes of drinking, loving, losing, and cheating and the traditional sound of fiddles and steel guitars marked Moe’s highly praised, soulful solo singles of the decade that followed, his national prominence growing when he signed with Columbia Records in 1975. Such celebrated songwriters as Dallas Frazier and Whitey Shafer now provided him songs, and Moe also made his first headlining Jimmie Rodgers Festival appearance that year here in Meridian. Over time, Bandy would have over fifty charting singles, thirty-four of them top ten hits. In 1979 alone, he had his first No. 1 solo record, a hit honky tonk duet with Janie Fricke, and was first paired with look-alike label mate Joe Stampley, whom people often mistook for his brother. The first of their string of successful good time “Moe and Joe” singles, “Just Good Ol’ Boys,” went to No. 1; they were the Country Music Association’s Vocal Duo of the Year for 1980.
   With a move to MCA/Curb Records in the mid-1980s, Bandy’s recordings, such as the patriotic hit “Americana,” took on a more updated country sound, and he more often explored gospel songs and cowboy ballads. Having become a popular attraction in Branson, Missouri, he opened Moe Bandy’s Americana Theatre there in 1991. He continued to be a popular live performer there and on the road internationally for decades after.

(Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cabin of Lt. Col. J.B. Leake

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Texas, Smith County, Tyler
   J.B. Leake was a Lieutenant Colonel in the 20th Iowa. Captured at the battle of Stirling Plantation near Morganza, Louisiana September 29, 1863, he arrived in the first large group of prisoners on October 23, 1863. Lt. Col. Leake, being the highest ranking officer at Camp Ford, recieved a cabin in a prime location — closest to the spring. The cabin, completed December 4, 1863, was built in the southwest corner of the stockade. The site of the original cabin is 50 yards to the southeast. Sketches from Leake's diary show the cabin below. His diary and sketches were important in verifying the accuracy of other Camp Ford drawings.
The reconstruction was built from these drawings with materials from the park. The "stick and mud" chimney actually works!
The sketch at the right, drawn by Col. A.H.H. Duganne of the 176th New York, shows Leake's cabin with the same porch roof in its position in the stockade.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Prairie Fire and the Battle of Island Mound

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Missouri, Bates County, near Butler


In the 1860s, the vast, rolling tallgrass prairies of the Osage Plains stretched for miles. Maintained by periodic fires for approximately 5,000 years before European settlement, prairie once covered approximately 78 percent of Bates County, Mo. Historically, the creeks and rivers in the area harbored stately bur oaks and post oaks, both fire-tolerant species able to withstand the regularly occurring prairie fires that swept through the area. By the mid-1860s, small homesteads and family farms dotted the prairie landscape, taking full advantage of the rich prairie sod and winding waterways. Outside of the farmed areas, the natural history and fires associated with tallgrass prairie remained an integral part of life for area settlers.

Prairie Fire as a Weapon
The landscape features here, including the prairie and wetlands associated with the Marais-des-Cygnes River, played a signficant role in the events of the Battle of Island Mound, the first time black troops faced combat in the Civil War. Troops from both sides were well-versed in the flammability of prairie grasses.

On Oct. 29, 1862, following a full day of skirmishes between Southern guerrillas and the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry, the Southern forces set fire to the prairie, pushing Kansas troops back to the Toothman Farm. The Kansans intentionally lit a back fire to burn the grasses, removing the fuel feeding the Southern fire. This created a "blackline" that halted the flames set by the Southerners and protected their camp at the Toothman farm. Throughout the day, the prairie fires caused utter chaos and confusion, described in later reports as "a hellish backdrop of smoke and flame" as hand-to-hand combat ensued.

[Top right photo caption reads]
The staff at Prairie State Park regularly maintain over 3,500 acres of native tallgrass prairie with prescribed fire, continuing the ancient natural process that results in a vibrant landscape each spring.

(African Americans • Environment • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bates County, Missouri in 1862

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Missouri, Bates County, near Butler


Bates County was formed in 1841. Many early settlers came from Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee. The 1860 census listed a population of 6,765 with a slave population of 442. In 1862, the slave population had dropped greatly.

Most Bates County residents supported the Confederacy. Several groups of guerrilla fighters operated in the area. Using Hog Island, located about nine miles from the town of Butler, Mo., local guerrillas terrorized pro-Union families and led raids into eastern Kansas.

"The whole force of the enemy was commanded by Cockerel [Cockrell], and numbered about 500."
Lawrence [Kan.] Republican, reporting on the Battle of Island Mound, Nov. 6, 1862

"As we came into sight of it [the Toothman house], we discovered at the same time a number of horsemen on the Osage bottoms, a mile to the southeast. The scouts and mounted officers galloped forward to reconnoitre, and soon discovered them to be rebel guerillas. A citizen with a load of wood, on inquiry, stated that they were reported as Cockrell's [Cockrell], Hancock's and Truman's [Turman's] gangs, moving south in the direction of Arkansas."
The New York Times, reporting on the Battle of Island Mound, Nov. 8, 1862

The Fort Scott Road
On Oct. 26, 1862 the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry received orders to clean out the gang of bushwhackers on Hog Island. They marched from Fort Lincoln, Kan. with about 240 men and 12 officers. Using the Fort Scott Road, they arrived near Hog Island in Bates County, Mo. on Oct. 27.

The road used by the First Kansas linked the Western Military Road and the town of Butler, Mo. Begun in 1836, the Western Military Road connected a series of forts stretching from Minnesota Territory to Louisiana. The forts defined the eastern boundary of Indian Territory.

The name of the road depended on where the person was from, however. In Kansas, it was called the Butler Road. In Butler, Mo. it was called the Fort Scott Road. Fort Scott Street, in the town of Butler, preserves a part of this historic road.

In 1862, the Toothman farm house was located near the Fort Scott Road. The men of the First Kansas camped in the yard around the Toothman home and used the rails of a fence to build a breastworks. They named their camp "Fort Africa."

(African Americans • Patriots & Patriotism • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle of Island Mound: A Demonstration to the Nation

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Missouri, Bates County, Butler


African Americans saw the Civil War as a fight for their freedom. Early in the war, freed black men who tried to enlist in the Union Army were turned away. A 1792 Federal law still barred blacks from bearing arms for the U.S. Army. The U.S. Navy, on the other hand, allowed African Americans to serve as shipboard firement, stewards, coal heavers and even boat pilots. Abolitionists urged President Abraham Lincoln to both free the slaves and recruit African-American men in defense of the Union. Lincoln, however, was concerned that such a move would prompt border states, like Missouri, to secede.

Many white Americans were reluctant to allow African-American troops in combat because of deeply held racist ideas. Many felt that black soldiers could not be as skilled or as brave as white soldiers. They thought that African Americans were better suited for jobs as carpenters, cooks, scouts and teamsters.

First Combat by African-American Troops
The Battle of Island Mound was the first time African-American troops saw combat in the Civil War. In their official military reports and letters to newspapers, the white officers praised the bravery and combat skills of the black troops in the First Kansas Colored Volunteer Infantry. Lt. R. Hinton told the Daily Conservative of Leavenworth, Kan., "Our nine days campaign proved that negroes are splendid soldiers, will march further, fight as well, and live on as hard fare without grumbling, as any soldiers now in the service of the government."

The Southerners who participated in the battle also went to the press with positive remarks. The New York Times reported that, "Bill Truman [Turman] told in Butler [Mo.] on the Friday following the fight, that the black devils fought like tigers and that the white officers had got them so trained that not one would surrender, though they tried to take a prisoner." After the battle, positive national press helped to make it more acceptable for African Americans to join the military and participate in combat.

African-American Soldiers
On Jan. 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, officially allowing the Union Army to recruit African-American men to fight in defense of the Union and their freedom.

Not only did black soldiers face racial prejudice and unequal pay, but both black soldiers and their white officers would be in grave danger if they were captured in battle. Confederate President Jefferson Davis promised that black prisoners of war would be enslaved or executed on the spot. Threats of Union reprisal against Confederate prisoners forced Southern officials to treat black soldiers somewhat better. Some Union officials tried to protect their troops by keeping black soldiers away from the front lines.

By the end of the Civil War, about 180,000 black men served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and almost 18,000 served in the Navy. Nearly 40,000 black soldiers died over the course of the war - 30,000 of infection or disease.

There were nearly 80 black commissioned officers. Black carpenters, chaplains, cooks, guards, laborers, nurses, scouts, spies, steamboat pilots, surgeons and teamsters also contributed to the war cause. Black women, who could not formally join the Army, served as nurses, spies and scouts.

"This is what we have done. We have demonstrated that the negro is anxious to serve his country, himself and race; that he can be drilled and made effective as a soldier; and that he will fight as well as any other set of men; all things being equal as to equipments, etc."
Lt. R. Hinton, Nov. 7, 1862

(African Americans • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

McCormick Harvester Building

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


Built for $50,000
Historic & Current Address:
704 East Douglas

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hauser Garrison Dry Goods Building

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


Built for line of overalls, shirts and other work clothes

Historic & Current Address:
700 East Douglas

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

College Hill Streetcar No. 230

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Kansas, Sedgwick County, Wichita


"it (streetcar 230 on the College Hill line) is a moving...collection of junk, rattling and torturing its inmates in a manner that would bring tears to the eyes of the turnkey of a Russian prison...If you can stand up in the car for a mile after dinner and still retain your dinner, life insurance is superfluous in your case. You will live forever."

Wichita Eagle, June 1919

For more information on other interesting people in Wichita history visit www.oldcowtown.org

(Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Blue Ridge Park

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Georgia, Fannin County, Blue Ridge
In celebration of the Centennial of Blue Ridge, Georgia, the Blue Ridge Garden Club and the City of Blue Ridge dedicate this park in memory of Colonel Mike McKinney, early Fannin County settler and founder of the city of Blue Ridge. He was instrumental in securing the right-of-way and bringing the L and N Railroad through this area.

(Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Federal Road

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Georgia, Pickens County, near Talking Rock
The highway leading right is the Old Federal Road, northwest Georgia’s earliest vehicular route. It began on the Cherokee boundary, in the direction of Athens, Georgia and led this was to Tennessee. Permission to open the trace was granted informally by the Indians in 1803 and formally by the 1805 Treaty of Tellico, Tennessee.

This location on the old thoroughfare was a Cherokee settlement known as Sanderstown. It was an early post office and the site of Carmel or Taloney Station, a missionary establishment founded here among the Cherokees in 1821.

(Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alpharetta Hotel Site

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Georgia, Fulton County, Alpharetta
The property was the original location of the Alpharetta Hotel built by Bob Webb in 1908.

The hotel was torn down in the 1970’s. It once housed a Boarding House for single school teachers which was operated by Lillian Teasley. It was the home of the Morris Brothers for many years.

After some renovations, the Post Office, Bank, Dr. James L. Morris, Gordons Department Store and many other small shops were located in the building.

The citizens of Alpharetta reserve this beautiful property in memory of all who lived on this property, shopped here and have fond memories of this square located in the center of our city.

Dedicated July 4, 1989

OLE MILTON PARK COMMITTEE

Henry Booker Janie Hole
Sandra Bagwell Mike Jackson
Virginia Burgess Sue Rainwater
Tony Alexander – Landscape Designer

MAYOR
Jimmy Phillips

COUNCIL MEMBERS

Billy Hunter Arthur Letchas
Sandra Johnson Earl Mitchell
Bill Keeton Buddy Stovall


(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St. Paul's, Episcopal

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Virginia, Prince William County, Haymarket
The oldest church in continuous service in Prince William County. Erected in 1801, this building was a district courthouse for four counties 1803-09; Hygeia Academy 1814-1816. Bought by William Skinker 1822, thence used by Episcopaleans and Presbyterians as a church. Mr. Skinker deeded the building and grounds to the Episcopal Church 1830 as a memorial to his wife. Used as a Confederate hospital after the two Battles of Manassas and a stable for Union cavalry following the burning of Haymarket. Many Confederate soldiers are buried in the churchyard.
——————
In loving memory of Robert Lee Reading and Nell Beaumont Clarkson, married here 1905, buried beside the church. Plaque erected by their daughter 1954.

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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