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Former Post Office

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California, Kern County, Tehachapi
The current building, which was built to house the post office, replaced two older houses. It is now privately owned and houses offices of local businesses.

Across the alley behind the building, there was once a small, tin building that housed firefighting equipment, including a hand-drawn care with hoses. That building can now be seen at the northeast corner of the Errea House Garden (Walking Tour Stop # 2).

www.tehachapimuseum.org
Maps for the walking tour are available at the Tehachapi Museum, 350 South Green Street.


(Communications • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pasadena City Hall

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California, Los Angeles County, Pasadena
In 1902 Pasadena erected their first City Hall on this side, C.H. Brown designed the two story masonry building and the firm of Dawson & Eldridge constructed the building for $36,532. The building was dedicated on November 19, 1902 and remained Pasadena's City Hall until 1927 when our present city hall was completed. The police department occupied the entire building until 1930. The building was then torn down in 1931.
The building presently on this site was designed by Rothenberg Sawasy Architects "RSA" and reflects the 3 towers in the original building. Construction began in 2003 and was completed in 2004 by C.W. Driver.
The dichrolic glass art piece above the front entrance was created by artist Jaqueline Dreager. The developer of this project was Hayes & Company.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pasadena Public Library

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California, Los Angeles County, Pasadena
The stone memorial on this site represents the only remaining portion of the second Pasadena Public Library, an impressive castle-like structure built in the Romanesque architectural style.

Designed by Pasadena architect, Harry Ridgeway, the library opened with fanfare on Sept 9, 1890 after three years of stalled construction. It was originally praised for its "splendid...opportunities for service".

The need for an even larger library became evident as Pasadena's population boomed. Although this building was expanded in 1901 and Children's services had moved to a bungalow in Library Park, the existing space was insufficient to meet the needs of a growing city.

In 1915, people called on their city officials via postcard ballot for a new library, which was built in 1927. The structure at this site was renamed "Patriotic Hall" and was home to local patriotic societies from 1927 to 1933.

Sadly, the building suffered a blow in 1933, when the Long Beach earthquake damaged it enough to deem it unsafe. Although many were in favor of restoration for historical value, the cost to renovate proved too expensive. The building was finally razed in 1954, keeping the archway as a memorial, dedicated in 1955.

(Education • Notable Buildings • Notable Events) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cuarto Centenario Memorial

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New Mexico, Bernalillo County, Albuquerque
La Jornada (The Journey), the bronze sculptural grouping on the corner along with the adjacent earthen work Numbe Whageh (Our Center Place) make up the City of Albuquerque's 1% for the Arts Funds Cuarto Centenario Memorial. The memorial commemorates New Mexico's early peoples and their contribution to the present.
Numbe Whageh (Our Center Place)
2005
Nora Naranjo Morse Earthen Work
La Jornada (The Journey
2005
Betty Sabo & Sonny Rivera bronze.
Rick Borkovetz Landscape Architect Cuarto Centenario Site Design

(Hispanic Americans • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 45 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pasadena Robinson Memorial

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California, Los Angeles County, Pasadena
The Pasadena Robison Memorial sculptures were created through a community effort spearheaded by the Board of Directors of Pasadena Robinson Memorial and the City of Pasadena. The monumental bronze portraitures of Mack and Jackie Robinson focus on the brothers’ lifelong accomplishments.

Mack Robison won the silver medal for the 200-meter dash in the 1936 Berlin Olympics. He attended John Muir High School, Pasadena Junior College and University of Oregon. Jackie Robinson lettered in all four major sports at John Muir High School, Pasadena Junior College and University of California, Los Angeles. He went on to break the color barrier in major league baseball in 1947 when he played for the Brooklyn Dodgers. He also was among the founders of the first African-American owned bank in New York City.

The Robinson brothers’ abilities, self-confidence and determination set the stage for others to overcome barriers. Both men led complex lives, contributing in different ways to their communities, serving as role models and working tirelessly for civil justice. The bronze sculptures tell these stories and more with descriptive text and images inscribed on the backs and sides of their heads, highlighting the brothers’ multifaceted lives.

The Robinson sculptures were created with care to encourage empathy and mystery. Rather than life-sized “action figures,” monumental portraiture was chosen to honor the two brothers because their contributions reached beyond the athletic realm.

Mack was raised and stayed in Pasadena, and his portrait eternally faces City Hall. Jackie, who left the city, faces east, towards Brooklyn and the location of this adult domiciles. The sculptures create a kind of “gentle spectacle” within the public space of Centennial Square. It is hoped that they will promote meditation and reflection.

The 1997 dedication coincided with the 50th year anniversary of Jackie Robinson joining the Brooklyn Dodgers. The landscaping phase was completed on June 20, 2002, with a Commemorative Ring of Donors, lighting, inscribed benches, and flowering peach trees to honor their birthplace of Cairo, Georgia.

The Art Center College of Design students created a CD-ROM, Beyond Glory: Stories of Mack and Jackie Robinson. In a symbolic gesture, copies of the CD-ROM are suspended inside each sculpture.

(Notable Events • Notable Persons • Sports) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mercantile Place

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California, Los Angeles County, Pasadena
This well-named service road ran behind some of the most important retail merchants that fronted Colorado Boulevard from 1887 to the end of the 19th century. Among the retailers in this block were Hertel's Dry Goods, J.W. Woods (The Druggist who later became a well-known local historian), and Conrad & Hotaling, Men's Outfitters. A.C. Vroman established his first bookshop on this block in 1894. This block also was the location of Valley Union Newspaper Offices and shops for a grocer, a confectioner, a baker and a jeweler.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Cathedral Square

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Ireland, Ulster, County Donegal, Letterkenny


St. Eunan's Cathedral
Work began on Saint Eunan and Saint Colmcille's Catholic Cathedral in 1890. It was designed by William Hague. It is built of white stone from Mountcharles and cost £300,000. The ceilings are the work of Amici of Rome, while the wonderful stained glass windows, which illuminate the Sanctuary and the Lady Chapel, are by the Mayer firm of Munich. The carvings show stories from the lives of Saint Eunan and Colmcille. It was dedicated in 1901. The spire stands at 212 ft (c.65m).

Church of Ireland
The Church of Ireland is opposite the Cathedral and dates to the 17th Century. It is probable that when the ancient church at Conwal fell into ruins the first Church was erected in Letterkenny.

In 1733 Canon J.B. Leslie reported that the church was "slated and one side seated". The Rev. William Spann donated the Chalice and Paten in 1744, which are still in use. He died in 1752, and is buried under the Church. An obelisk at the east end of the church is dedicated to the memory of Rev. Dr. John Kinnear a Presbyterian Minister in Letterkenny, who was M.P. for Donegal from 1880 to 1885.

St Eunan's College
St. Eunan's College was built between 1904 and 1906. It was designed by the architect Mc Namara and is an interpretation of late French Romanesque with Celtic details. It was originally founded as a boarding school in 1906 by the then Bishop of Raphoe, Dr Patrick O'Donnell and was intended as a minor seminary to prepare students for the Roman Catholic priesthood. A new wing was added in 1953 to facilitate an ever-increasing enrollment of lay students and a new Church was added in 1950. The present Recreation Hall was built in 1958, and the Science Block in 1968. A new wing, which is called "the New Building" was opened in 1979. In 1992 the boarding wing was closed.

Loreto Convent
In 1854, Reverend Mother Ball was invited by Bishop Patrick Mc Gettigan to Letterkenny to establish a foundation of the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary also known as the Loreto order. Enrolments [sic] were small at first but soon increased and an extension was built in 1861. Another extension was built in 1923 and a further wing was added in 1937. A new wing with a Concert Hall was built in 1939, and further extensions were added over the decades bringing the school to its present standard of accommodation and facilities. The school ceased to be a boarding school in 1978.
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Ardeaglais Naomh Adhamhnáin
Cuireadh tús leis an obair thógála ar Ardeaglais Chaitliceach Naomh Adamhnáin agus Naomh Cholmcille sa bhliain 1890. Ba é William Hague a dhearaigh í. Tá sí tógtha le cloch bhán a tháinig as Tamhnach as tSalainn agus chosain sí £300,000. Is cuid saothar Amici as an Róimh atá sna síleáil, agus is comhlacht Mayer ó Munich a rinne na fuinneoga gloine dhaite galánta, a thugann solas don Sanctóir agus do Sheipéal Mhuire. Léiríonn an snoíodóireacht scéalta ó bheatha Naomh Adhamhnáin agus ó bheatha Cholmcille. Rinneadh an Ardeaglais a thíolacadh sa bhliain 1901. Tá an spuaic 212 tr(c.65m) ar airde.

Eaglais na hÉireann
Tá Eaglais na hÉireann, a tógadh sa 17ú aois, díreach trasna ón Ardeaglais. Is dócha gur tógadh an chéad eaglais i Leitir Ceanainn an uair a ligeadh an tseaneaglais i gCongbháil i léig.

Sa bhliain 1733, thuairisc an Canónach J.B. Leslie go raibh díon sclátaí ar an eaglais agus go raibh suíocháin ar thaobh amháin. Ba sa bhliain 1744 a bhronn an tOirmhinneach William Spann an Chailís agus an Paiteana ar an Eaglais. Tá siad sin in úsáid go foill. Fuair seisean bás sa bhliain 1752 agus tá sé curtha faoin Eaglais. Tá oibilisc ag an cheann thoir den eaglais tíolactha i gcuimhne an tOirmhinneach, an Dr. John Kinnear, Ministir Preispitéireach ó Leitir Ceanainn a bhí ina Theachta Parlaiminte do Dhún na nGall ó 1880 go 1885.

Coláiste Naomh Adhamhnáin
Tógadh Coláiste Naomh Adhamhnáin idir na blianta 1904 agus 1906. Ba é ailtire darbh ainm Mac Conmara a dhearaigh é i stíl Rómhánúil Francach le sonraí Ceilteacha. I dtús báire, sa bhliain 1906, bunaíodh é mar scoil chónaithe ar orduithe Easpag Ráth Bhoth an ama sin, ar Dr Padraig Ó Domhnaill, chun í a bheith mar chliarscoil faoi choinne mic léinn a ullmhú don tsagartóireacht Chaitliceach. Cuireadh píosa úr leis sa bhliain 1953 ar mhaithe le spás a chur ar fáil don fhás mór i líon na mac léinn tuatacha agus tógadh séipéal úr sa bhliain 1950. Tógadh an Halla Caitheamh Aimsire atá in úsáid i dtólamh, sa bhliain 1958 agus an Foirgneamh Eolaíochta sa bhliain 1968. Sa bhliain 1979, osclaíodh sciathán úr, ar a dtugtar "An Foirgneamh Úr" go foill. Cuireadh críoch leis an scoil chónaithe sa bhliain 1992.

Clochar Loreto
Sa bhliain 1854, thug an tEaspag Padráig Mac Eiteagáin cuireadh don Mháthair Urramach Ball a theacht go Leitir Ceanainn agus Institiúid na Maighdeana Muire, nó Ord Loreto, a bhunú ann. I dtús báire, bhí an tinreamh beag ach d'ardaigh sé sin de réir a chéile agus cuireadh síneadh leis an fhoirgneamh sa bhliain 1861. Tógadh píosa eile sa bhliain 1923 agus arís i 1937. Sa bhliain 1939, tógadh píosa eile ina raibh Halla Coirmceoil, agus thar na mblianta ó shin is iomaí leathnú a rinneadh go dtí gur sroicheadh an caighdeán ard cóiríochta agus áiseanna atá ar fáil sa chlochar inniu. Ón bhliain 1978 ar aghaidh, ní scoil chónaithe atá intí feasta.

For further information please contact Donegal County Museum, High road, Letterkenny on 074 9124613 or email museum@donegalcoco.ie

(Churches, Etc. • Education • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Donegal Castle

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Ireland, Ulster, County Donegal, Donegal Town


Built in 1474 by Hugh O'Donnell. Destroyed in 1595 by Red Hugh O'Donnell to prevent seizure by the British. Rebuilt circa 1614 by Sir Basil Brook.

[Top view drawing showing evolution of the castle in] 15th century, 17th century, Modern

(Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • War, English Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Memorials and Archaeology

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South Carolina, Lancaster County, near Lancaster


Early Memorialization
In the decades after the Revolution, the woodland surrounding the battlefield was gradually converted to farm fields and pasture. In 1845, James A. Witherspoon led an effort to raise money for a grave monument and recorded several first-hand accounts.

"Mr. Usher whose father, in company with the Rev. Jacob Carnes, and others assisted in burying the dead, states that 84, as well as he recollects who were killed on the day of battle were buried in one large pit or grave, and that 25 who died of their wounds the next day were buried in another grave about 300 yards distant from the others.
James A. Witherspoon, Camden Journal, June 18, 1845

Plans for the monument were not realized until 1860, when prominent Charleston sculptor, William T. White, was commissioned to design and create the marble obelisk, which marks the grave.
     The Buford Monument Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church was built on this site in 1894. The church only lasted about five years in this location and later moved to the Pleasant Hill community. There are several marked and unmarked graves from this period. In 1946, A.R.P. Synod deeded Lancaster County two acres surrounding the mass grave for use as a public park. This tract was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.

Archaeologists Tell the Story
In 2005, the South Carolina Department of Transportation planned safety improvements at the intersection of SC Route 9 and SC Route 522. For decades, historians had debated the exact location of the Waxhaws battlefield. Archaeologists quickly determined that battlefield evidence extended well outside the two-acre tract containing the mass grave. During a more intensive 2010 study, archaeologists recovered numerous musket balls, gun parts, and uniform accoutrements extending from this area east across SC 522. Careful analysis revealed this was Colonel Buford's battle line that was overwhelmed by Tarleton's troopers. The 84 Virginia Continentals were buried here close to where they fell on May 29, 1780.

(Map and Photo Caption)
Archaeologists glean a wealth of knowledge from battlefield artifacts. Through careful study of musket balls, buttons, gun parts, etc., they can determine troop locations, weapons used, and even where individuals were killed. Context, or careful documentation of where these artifacts were found, allows archaeologists to reach these conclusions.
     The map above shows the artifact distribution. Careful scrutiny reveals how and where the battle was fought, shedding new light on an event that took place long ago. These artificats tell a powerful story about the battle that took place here.

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Buford Monument

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South Carolina, Lancaster County, near Lancaster


(South Face of Monument)
Erected to the memory and in honor of the brave and patriotic American soldiers who fell in the battle which occurred at this place on the 29th May 1780 between Col. Abraham Buford who commanded a regiment of 350 Virginians and Col. Tarleton of the British Army with 350 Cavalry and a like number of Infantry.

(East Face of Monument)
Nearly the entire command of Col. Buford was either killed or wounded, 84 gallant soldiers are buried in this grave. They left their homes for the relief of Charleston, but hearing at Camden of the surrender of that city, were returning. Here their lives were ended in the service of their country.

(North Face of Monument)
The cruelty and barbarous massacre committed on this occasion by Tarleton and his command after the surrender of Col. Buford and his regiment, originated the American war cry, "Remember Tarleton's Quarter." A British historian confesses at this battle "The virtue of humanity was totally forgot."

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Indian Beach

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Florida, Sarasota County, Sarasota
5,000 years ago, prehistoric Indians seasonally came to these shore, drawn by freshwater springs, bays teeming with fish and shellfish, and woods rich with game. By 1000 A.D. their middens, ceremonial mounds, and a village plaza stood nearby. European diseases and war eventually decimated these Floridians. Centuries later Seminoles and Spanish fishermen worked at ranchos or fish camps often built on old Indian sites. The rancho industry supplied mullet, roe, and other seafood to Cuban markets. One rancho near here became the site of Fort Armistead (1840-1841), a Second Seminole War post.

Extensive land purchases occurred during the 1880s. Recognizing the nature of the shell heaps, Dr. F.H. Williams of Connecticut named this area Indian Beach. With others in 1891 he platted a subdivision. The new residents built homes and docks along the bay, established a winter colony, and in 1906 operated a post office serving fewer than a hundred residents. In 1913 the Indian Beach Land Company was formed to sell upland lots as DeSoto Terrace, advertised as an “ultra-exclusive residential section.” The Town of Indian Beach was incorporated in 1919 and annexed into the City of Sarasota in 1925.

(Anthropology • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle Scars

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Minnesota, Renville County, near Morton

All our horses, both cavalry and transportation horses, were either killed or so badly wounded as to make them unfit for service."
                                                Joseph Anderson
Tethered to wagons on the campsite's east side, most of the U.S. horses were killed early.

Most of the burial detail's food was gone by nightfall. The Minnesota River—their source of fresh water—was blocked by Dakota fire. "The men fought...without water and provisions," Anderson said, "except one-fourth of a hard cracker...and about one ounce of raw cabbage to a man and (they) joked (with) each other freely in regard to their 'heavy' diet."

"Rendered Useless"

"Quite a number of our arms, saddles and camp equipments were rendered useless by the destructive fire of the enemy," Anderson remembered.

The firearms that remained undamaged proved to be of limited value. After using up their first rounds of ammunition, the soldiers learned that a supply officer had sent bullets too large for their guns. The men lost time shaving down the oversized bullets.

Minnesota Historical Society
Birch Coulee Battlefield


(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cook Cemetery

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Texas, Lampasas County, Lampasas
This cemetery, Lampasas' oldest, was established as a pioneer community graveyard in the mid-1850s. The first marked burial here was that of Rebecca Hughes in 1854. The cemetery is named after Arkansas natives William M. and Cynthia Cook who moved to Texas about 1856 and bought the land containing this graveyard in 1861. No recorded burials occurred here after that of J. S. Brown (d. 1873), due, it is believed, to major flooding here in 1873. The cemetery has been altered by highway and business development. It was deeded to the Lampasas County Historical Commission in 1978.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Henry D. Gruene

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Texas, Comal County, Gruene
On this green bank, by this soft stream, we set today two votive milestones, that memory may their deeds redeem, when like our sires, our grandsons and daughters too are gone!!

Born in New Braunfels, Henry D. Gruene (1850-1920) was the son of Ernst and Antoinette Klopper Gruene, immigrants from Netze, Germany, who came to Texas in 1845 with the Prince Carl of Solms—Braunfels Colonization Movement. In 1870 he participated in the historic longhorn cattle drive to Kansas, Wyoming, and over the Rockies to Utah. Upon his return to Texas in 1871, he married Bertha Simon, settled on the north bank of the Guadalupe River, and founded the town of Gruene in 1872 by establishing his first business, a water wheel gristmill with the millstones at this marker. Later ventures included a cotton gin, mercantile business, saloon and dance hall, blacksmith shop, lumber yard, feed mill, and automobile agency. As a land developer, farmer, and rancher, he owned land from the Red River to the Gulf of Mexico. His cattle brand was HG. This marker is dedicated to our grandparents, Henry D. Gruene and Bertha Gruene in loving memory of their sacrifices, hardships, and vision in the development of the Township of Gruene, Texas.

Bessie Hampe Cobb • Ernest K. Gruene • Henry W. Ogletree • Bertha Hampe Marbach • Henry D. Gruene II • James D. Ogletree • Henrietta Gruene Steele • Melita Gruene Hope

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gruene Cotton Gin

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Texas, Comal County, Gruene
Built on the site of an earlier grist mill, the Gruene cotton gin was constructed in 1878 by H.D. Gruene. Powered by the Guadalupe River, the gin was steam-operated and served to process the vast amounts of cotton grown in the area. The gin played an important part in the economic development of Gruene, a community dependent upon the cotton crop. The gin was destroyed in a 1922 fire, and only part of the boiler room remains. A new electric gin was built at another location and served the community until the cotton crop was lost to a boll weevil infestation in 1925.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gruene's Hall

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Texas, Comal County, Gruene
Built in 1878 as a saloon and social hall for area cotton farmers, this is believed to be one of the oldest dance halls in Texas. Christian Herry (1854-1917) built the hall under the direction of town developer Henry D. Gruene, for whom many of the farmers worked. The center of the community’s social life for over a century, the large one-story structure features a “false front” entry with asymmetrical window and door arrangements. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark - 1988

(Entertainment • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Liedertafel

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Texas, Austin County, Sealy
Sealy's German immigrants were famous for their love of music. A group of men, some of them Sealy's pioneer settlers, had formed a singing society, called Liedertafel, by 1899. They met primarily in the home of Ferdinand Lux. Lux and Fritz Kinkler, Jr., gave land for the establishment of a permanent building in 1912-1914. One of a number of round frame dance halls built in German communities in Texas, this structure was erected beginning in 1914. The eight-sided hall was built from materials purchased from the F.W. Hackbarth Lumber Company.

There were about 19 singing society members in 1914, and they hosted many concerts, festivals and dances for the community. The Liedertafel Hall was a popular gathering place for special events for many years. Other organizations, lodges and churches used the grounds and hall for their own celebrations, as well.

In 1934 the Sealy Volunteer Fire Department began holding its annual “Firemen's Frolic” fundraiser at the hall. By 1944 the building was in need of repair and the singing society members were aging. Stockholders voted to sell the hall and land to the fire department, which raised funds to purchase and renovate the structure. It became known as the Firemen's Hall.

In June 1945 the new “Fireman's Park” opened with a celebration. The following year, The Houston Post reported 5,000 attendees at the “Firemen's Frolic.” The firemen donated the hall to a local historical society in 1995. Renovations began that year.

(Entertainment • Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Bank of Potomac Building

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Virginia, Alexandria

Here Union Governor Francis Harrison Pierpont established the “Restored Government of Virginia” and used the building as the official Governor's Residence
1863-65

This Property is protected by a preservation easement held by The Virginia Historic Landmarks Board

(Man-Made Features • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Troup County

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Georgia, Troup County, LaGrange
The Georgia State Legislature established Troup County and four other counties in West Georgia in 1826. After choosing a location near the geographic center of the county, local leaders named the new county seat after Chateau de Lagrange the French country home of the Marquis de Lafayette, the French hero of the American Revolution. The area around the Square has witnessed many political rallies, parades, and social gatherings. The Truitt Opera House on Main Street hosted many special performances and cultural events. The building stood from the 1850s until 1989 (Above left).

Court Square began a gathering spot in the center of town. People shopped at local businesses and socialized, farmers sold their crops, children played on the courthouse lawn, and merchants and their customers played checkers in front of the stores. In 1888, Fuller E. Callaway, Sr., opened Callaway’s Mammoth Department Store. The store operated until 1932. Callaway’s was known for innovative marking and advertising.

Troup County has had four Courthouse buildings. The first built in 1829 of red brick, stood in the center of what became known as the Court Square. In 1904, the county opened the next courthouse. Designed by A.J. Bryan and Company of New Orleans, this three-story structure served the county until November 5, 1936, when it burned. Court was in session and two women, a public health nurse, and her patient died. The third courthouse, designed by architect William J. J. Chase, opened in 1939, a block off the Square. This building served as the main courthouse until 2002, when construction began on the government service center. The third courthouse was renovated for special purposes and juvenile court. (Shown in background, center panel, left.) Throughout Troup County’s history, the courthouse and court square have served as the “heart” of the county.

Between 1924 and 1945, Troop County residents often saw Franklin D. Roosevelt drive by in his convertible. The 32nd president of the United States often visited during his stays at the Little White House in Warm Springs. Newell’s Hat Shop was a popular in-town attraction between 1931 and 1977. Women from as far away as Columbus, chartered buses to purchase the newest styles in hats from Newell’s. LaGrange city Hall opened in 1927 on Ridley Avenue and is still in use.

Black-owned business and professional offices including blue Goose Café, lined the first blocks of Vernon and Hines Street, creating thriving business districts. County and city residents alike often came to town on Saturday to shop. Other long-time businesses located around or near the Square included: Park and Colonial Hotels, Lehmann’s Jewelry, (E. Court) Mansour’s (W. Court), Cleveland-Dodd, (E. Court), LaGrange Banking Company (S. Court), Hudson Hardware (Main St.), Davis Pharmacy (N. Court), Spinks Hardware (E. Court), Bradfield’s Department Store (E. Court), Mallory Realty (Main St.), J.E. Dunson Bros. (S. Court) and Charlie Joseph’s (Main and Bull Streets).

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oldenburg

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Texas, Fayette County, Oldenburg
The land in this area was included in a Mexican land grant awarded to Nathaniel Townsend in 1838. Portions of the grant were sold to a succession of different people over the years, and in 1885 August Heintze and Gus Steenken, both natives of Oldenburg, Germany, founded a community and named it after their hometown.

The majority of the settlers in this area were immigrants from Germany and Bohemia. At its height Oldenburg boasted homes, farms, and a number of businesses and institutions, including stores, saloons, a cotton gin, tin shop, doctors' office, blacksmith shop, post office, church, dance halls (festplatz), and schools.

The first school in the community was known as the German and Bohemian Oldenburg School. Founded in 1898, it was succeeded in 1922 by Oldenburg Common School District No.5. A separate school for black students opened about 1930. By 1944, both schools were consolidated with the Fayetteville School District.

Descendants of early German and Bohemian settlers continue to reside in this vicinity.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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