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Affair at Cedar Bridge

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New Jersey, Ocean County, Barnegat

After searching several days for the notorious Capt. John Bacon, Capt. Richard Shreve of the Burlington County light horse and Capt. Edward Thomas of the Mansfield militia stopped with their men to refresh themselves near here at the Cedar Bridge Tavern. Bacon and his band of loyalists surprised the militia and blocked their escape. As the militia gained the advantage, they were fired upon unexpectedly by a party of locals, who came to Bacon’s aid and provided a diversion that allowed Bacon to escape. Among the patriots, one was killed and four were wounded. Four loyalists were also wounded, including Capt. Bacon.
Erected by the Board of Chosen Freeholders to
commemorate Ocean County’s role in the American
Revolution on its 225th anniversary, 2001-2008

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Logbooms Meet Sawmills

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Minnesota, Anoka County, Anoka

The white pine forests fell to the logger's ax in the northern Rum River pineries, "Seventy mills in seventy years could not exhaust the white pine I have seen on the Rum River" predicted Daniel Stanchfield, a lumber-wise timber cruiser trained on the Penobscot River in Maine. He made his prediction after climbing tall trees and seeing mile after mile of white pine forest.

The first harvest of timber on the upper Rum River took place in 1820 when soldiers cut and rafted logs downstream to the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi Rivers to construct Fort Snelling. In 1844 logs were harvested on The Point to build a trading post on the east bank of the Rum River. Stanchfield's report lured loggers and lumber barons to the Rum. In 1847 the first commercially harvested logs from the Rum River were collected in a boom at The Point. Unfortunately, the boom broke and those logs were lost down the Mississippi River.

From 1850 to 1890 the great white pine forests along the Rum River were harvested each winter. The logs were driven down the river each spring by "river pigs" or river drivers to be caught in log booms stretched across the Rum River at The Point. Here the log met the saw as mills turned the logs into lumber for farm buildings, businesses and homes from Anoka to New Orleans. A portable sawmill once operated at The Point. Five sawmills once operated in Anoka.

The vast timber resources of the Rum River were depleted in less than forty years.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Walled City

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


If 'stones could speak', what a story they would have to tell. Their voices still echo on the walls and in the city streets.

According to tradition St. Colm Cille chose the oak grove on top of the hill for his monastery in 546 AD. His community became a beacon of light and learning throughout Europe. Around it grew a settlement with a stronghold, cathedral and port.

In 1610 the City of London Companies agreed to build a new city on the Foyle in return for land in King James I's new plantation. Their legacy is Ireland's most complete town walls with their 'roaring cannon' and the first post-Reformation cathedral in the British Isles. The accents of Planter and Gael still shape the city's culture and traditions.

The fertile banks of the Foyle have been disputed territory since prehistoric times. The city withstood two sieges, each of over a hundred days. In 1689 it was caught up in the struggle between James III and William III for the English throne. By the time the siege was reli[e]ved, the citizens were starving but their indomitable spirit remained unbroken.

In succeeding centuries the city prospered, expanding beyond the walls and across the river. Industries like shirt making and whisky distilling flourished while the port became a leading centre of international trade. From the 18th century many thousands of emigrants left from the quaysides to start a new life in North America. They transplanted their traditions to new territories. During the Second World War, convoys left the Foyle to help win the Battle of the Atlantic and sailors from many parts of the globe spent their shore leave in the city.

The city played its part in the civil rights movement of the 1960s and experienced its share of conflict and tragedy during the Troubles. By 1980 a third of the buildings within the walls had been damaged or destroyed. Yet the people's spirit was undefeated, expressed in a burst of creativity from poetry to punk.

With the return of peace, the city reinvented itself again as a regional city, University campus, a fusion of Irish and British culture and an international tourist destination.

The city is still making history today. Experience it.

(Forts, Castles • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

... Free, entire and perfect

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


A city fit for war and merchandise...for ever a free, entire and perfect city and county of itself, to be called the city and county of Derrie.
Charter from James I, 1604

One City...Fifty Names
All of the city's names over the centuries refer back to the Irish 'daire' or 'doire' - the oak grove. The oldest is Daire Calgach, suggesting that a fierce warrior may have had a fortress here in pre-Christian times. In the 12th century the settlement was known as Doire Cholmcille to honour St Colm Cille or Columba. The prefix 'London' was added in 1613 to acknowledge the support of the City of London Companies.

The skeleton and the castle
Look for the coat of arms on the wall and above the gates. It combines the city's Gaelic roots and later associations with the City of London. The lower part, with its shield, castle and skeleton sitting on 'a mossie stone', was in use by 1600. The skeleton may belong to the young Norman knight Walter de Burgo who starved to death in the dungeon of Greencastle. His cousin William had blocked up the entrance during a family feud in 1322. The cross of St George with an Irish harp in the centre, and the sword of St Paul, the original arms of the City of London, were added in 1613 when the city received its charter.

(Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ninth of November, 1886

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New York, Monroe County, Rochester

In the evening of the ninth of November, 1886, The Manufactory of the Steam Gauge and Lantern Company, while filled with operatives was destroyed by a fierce and sudden fire in which thirty-four lives were lost.
The remains of these six, burned beyond the possibility of recognition, were buried here
William Birdsey • Alfred Cannon • John Miller • Frank J. Reimes • John Santry • William J. Smith
but God was not in the fire, and after the fire, a still, small voice

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Disasters) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wagner Mine

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Alaska, Juneau Borough, Juneau
In 1880 a local inhabitant, Chief Kowee, revealed to prospectors Joe Juneau and Richard Harris the presence of gold in what is now named Gold Creek in Silver Bow Basin. The city of Juneau was founded there that year. The strike sparked the Juneau gold rush which resulted in the development of many placer and lode mines including the largest gold mines in the world, in their time, the Treadwell complex of lode mines on Douglas Island (across a narrow sea channel from Juneau) and the AJ lode mine, in Juneau itself.

By October of 1880 the Harris Mining District had been established, and the first claims staked by Harris & Juneau. A lot of controversy surrounds the early discovery and establishment of the district, but one fact remains clear: gold was discovered—and it brought an influx of people to this wild land to seek their fortune.

Other mines were quickly discovered and camps sprung up like mushrooms near Mount Roberts, Douglas Island and Gold Creek. The Chilkoot Shaft, seen here at the Gold Creek Salmon Bake, is a remnant of an airshaft that served the Wagner Mine, which was part of the Alaska-Gastineau Mining Company (A-G Mining). The $38 million dollar investment was abandoned in 1930 after running out of profitable ore.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Skagway's Historic Waterfront

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Alaska, Skagay Borough, Skagway
Skagway had a deep-water harbor and was the starting point of the White Pass trail, which began in the river valley and let through the mountains. Skagway was the place where thousands of stampeders started their journey to the Klondike gold mines. Captain William Moore had wisely predicted a coming gold rush stampede and had tried to prepare for its impact by building a wharf and sawmill and making other improvements. In July 1897, almost one year after the discovery of gold in the Klondike, ships jammed with people and supplies began to fill the Skagway harbor. Many stampeders believed that Skagway was the best place to begin the overland journey to the gold fields of the interior.

The arrival of the stampeders quickly turned the wilderness river valley into a city of tents and log cabins. During the fall and winter of 1897-1898, the harbor was a wild scene of chaos and confusion---jammed with ships, scows and barges unloading passengers, equipment, supplies, freight and animals. Hastily constructed rough frame buildings, along with tents and cabins, became stores, hotels, restaurants and businesses. Frank Reid, the city surveyor, quickly platted the new town site in 360 lots, each 50 feet by 100 feet, and streets 60 feet wide. A city of thousands developed almost overnight. The predication was that Skagway would become the metropolis of the north and the gateway to the interior.

The most pressing need for stampeders going to the Klondike was transportation. The hazards of the White Pass encouraged entrepreneurs to dream of new solutions to the transportation problem. By the winter of 1897-98 the Brackett Wagon Road was in business, with tolls charged for its use. The potential for economic development in the north was so great that it caught the imagination of Close Brothers in England. In the spring of 1898 these investors decided to fund construction of the White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad.

For 100 years Skagway and the railroad have enjoyed a common history. It began with tracks on the waterfront. Generations of families have worked together to create a lasting community for their children. Many have worked for the railroad, served as longshoremen to unload ships, and move freight or provided educational and medical services to local families.

(Inscription beside the photo in the upper left)
People, animals and freight jam the Skagway docks c. 1897. Horses were shipped from Seattle and Vancouver for sale to stampeders and packers to move freight over the White Pass Trail. Few animals survived the trail. The early months of the stampede were chaotic and disorderly and Skagway became infamous for being wild and unlawful. _UAF Rasmuson Library Archives.

(Inscription under the photo in the lower left)
Skagway graffiti, c.1930. For the past century, cruise line personnel have commemorated their ship’s visit in Skagway by painting the ship’s name, logo, and other messages on the face of the rocks above Moore Wharf. The volume of graffiti has increased along with the number of ships.—Alaska State Library, PCA 01-2851. Early Prints of Alaska Collection.

(Inscription under the photo in the center)
Above: Skagway’s prime competitor for the stampeders and their freight was the settlement of Dyea, nine miles away. The Chilkoot Trail, the historic route to the interior, began in the Dyea river valley. But Dyea’s waterfront was shallow, and all freight had to be lightered onto the beach. Business competition between the two communities was fierce. The completion of the railroad in Skagway caused people to abandon the trails. C.1898—Bancroft Library

(Inscription beside the photo in the lower right)
Wharves on the Skagway harbor, 1899-1900. On the east is Moore Wharf, with the railroad running along the steep cliffs. Skagway’s deep-water harbor gave it an advantage over Dyea. –SW 57/1072, Cynthia Taylor Collection, Klondike Gold Rush NHP. (Inscription beside the photo in the upper center)
Left: The Seattle P4. In its edition of July 17, 1897, gave the Klondike Gold Rush its push into history. With the headline “Gold! Gold! Gold! Gold!” the newspaper helped to create the stampede to the north. Ships began to leave Seattle within hours, people quit their jobs, left their families and—often ill prepared—began the race to the Klondike. The first 1000 miles were by boat from Seattle to Skagway or Dyea. Stampeders travelled an additional 600 miles north to the rich gold fields of the Canadian Klondike. — Negative #4093. Special Collections Division, University of Washington Libraries.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Golden Gate Mill Stones

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Minnesota, Brown County, near Sleepy Eye
The mill, built in 1867 by John Heimerdinger, was down 1/4 mile from Golden Gate on the Ruhe-Heim Creek. It was powered by a pond kept full by many wells, dug by hand. Wheat was ground by stones into flour and feed.

The grinding stones were donated by the
E. W. Kolbe Family
Sleepy Eye, Minnesota

November 13, 1999

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Presbyterian Church

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New York, Orange County, Westtown
First Presbyterian
Church, Westtown, N.Y.
Organized Mar. 10, 1803.
Church Erected 1806, Opened
Nov. 30, 1807, Rebuilt 1838
Rev. Thomas Grier First Pastor

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Minisink Township Veterans Memorial

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New York, Orange County, Westtown
Minisink Township Veterans Memorial

Remember Those Who Served
and
Those Who Died

Dedicated May 26, 1986
by
George Smith Post 1607

World War I   World War II   Korea   Vietnam
Back of Memorial Honoring All Veterans
Past, Present and Future

(War, Vietnam • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Masonic Lodge

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New York, Orange County, Westtown
Masonic Lodge
Site of Lodge Room, “Olive
Branch” Lodge,
Constituted 1803. Meetings
Held here in 1811. Last
Meeting Dec. 3, 1822

State Education
Department 1936

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St Columb's Cathedral

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


The Mother Church
The first settlers worshipped in the ruins of the former Augustinian abbey. In 1613 the London merchant companies sent over a silver-gilt chalice as a promise of their commitment to build a cathedral to grace their new city. The chalice remains a treasured possession of St Columb's Cathedral, originally built between 1628-33. It was the first cathedral to be erected in the British Isles after the Reformation and unusually was consecrated both as parish church of Templemore and as mother church of the Church of Ireland Diocese on the same day.

Cathedral under siege
The Cathedral's tower originally had a wooden spire covered with lead. The spire was later dismantled and the lead put into store. The lead was used to make bullets during the 1689 siege. The top of the tower became a signalling point, look-out post and platform for cannon. Colonel Mitchelburne's personal crimson flag was flown from the top to alert the ships in the Foyle that the wind and tide were right to attempt to break the boom. Many siege heroes are buried in the Cathedral. During its restoration in the 1860s the bones of the Apprentice Boys were temporarily removed to a tomb in the graveyard. The mound over the tomb was left as a monument to them.

'A very elegant, handsome, lofty stone spire'
In 1778 Bishop Hervey increased the height of the Cathedral tower and added a stone spire. It rose 70 metres above the city. Only a decade later Rev. D.A. Beaufort wrote: Now the steeple has given way still more, inasmuch that they dare not raise the bells but ring them by only moving the clapper with a rope. The tower had to be taken down in 1802 after it showed signs of giving way. Although 11 metres shorter, the present spire of 1822 still dominates the city skyline.

'Amazing Grace'
St Columb's Cathedral may have inspired John Newton to write one of the most popular hymns in the English language - 'Amazing Grace'. Having narrowly avoided shipwreck during an Atlantic storm in 1748, Newton repented his former life as a slave trader. After his ship put into the Foyle for repair, he was invited by the Mayor to join a shooting party during which a bullet accidentally went through his hat. This second near-death experience confirmed to Newton that God was on his side. He prayed twice daily in the Cathedral until the 'Greyhound' was ready to sail again.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bank of California

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California, San Francisco City and County, San Francisco
The Bank of California, a founding financier of the West, was established by William Chapman Ralston on July 5, 1864, the company quickly outgrew its quarters at this location and engaged architects Walter Danforth Bliss and William Baker Faville to design an impressive new building for the site.

In January 1906, the bank moved to a temporary location while beginning preparations for the splendid new building. Progress was halted abruptly on April 18, 1908 by the earthquake and fire, but work recommenced just six weeks later. The Bank of California’s new building – today affectionately called “The Grand Old Lady of California Street” – opened on September 8, 1908 as the first new commercial structure the Financial District to rise out of the ruins of the earthquake.

The Bank of California and Union Bank merged in 1996 to create Union Bank of California, N.A. This historic building was rededicated on its 100th anniversary September 8, 2008, by Union Bank of California President and Chief Executive Officer Masakki Tanaka and San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rockwell B-1B "Lancer"

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South Dakota, Pennington County, Ellsworth AFB
The B-1A was initially developed in the 1970s as a replacement for the B-52. Four prototypes of his long –range, high speed strategic bomber were developed and tested but the program was canceled in 1977 before going into production. The B-1B is an improved variant initiated in 1981. The first production B-1B flew in October 1984 and the first B-1B was delivered to Dyess AFB, Texas in June 1985. The B-1B holds almost 50 world records for speed, payload, range, and time of climb in its class. The B-1B was first used in combat in support of operations against Iraq during Operation Desert Fox in December 1988. In 1999, six B-1s were used in Operation Allied Force, delivering more than 20 percent of the total ordnance while flying less than 2 percent of the combat sorties. Eight B-1s were deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. B-1s dropped nearly 40 percent of the total tonnage during the first six months of OEF.

Specifications—Length: 146’; Height: 34’; Wingspan: 137’; Max Weight: 477,000 lbs; Powerplant: Four GE F-101-GE-102 turbofan engine with afterburner; Max Range: Intercontinental, unrefueled; Max Speed: 900-plus mph; Ceiling: 30,000ft; Crew: Four; Armament: 24 GBU-31GPS aided JDAM or 24 MK-84 general purpose bombs.

On loan from the National Museum of the Air Force

(War, 1st Iraq & Desert Storm • War, Afghanistan) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort William H. Seward

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Alaska, Haines Borough, Haines
Fort Seward was the first permanent military base in Alaska. Completed in 1904 on 100 acres of land donated by the Presbyterian Church, it remained active until 1944. Named for William H. Seward, the U.S. Secretary of State who arranged the purchase of Alaska from Russia. The Fort was renamed Chilkoot Barracks in the 1920’s to avoid confusion with Seward, Alaska.

(Inscription under the photo on the bottom left) :
1918-1921
Continuing up the hill on the right side, you will pass the long white quartermaster supply building, where furnishings and basic supplies were distributed. The cold storage room was located in the basement. In the 1960’s a large walk-in cooler served as a temporary morgue when the Haines facility closed.

(Inscription under the photo in the bottom center) : 1930
Up the dock on the right side, the small red building housed an underwater communication cable linking Haines to the continental U.S. Messages were commonly sent in Morse code.

(Inscription under the photo in the upper right):
July 1920
The Port of Chilkoot dock is the original Army dock. Notice the pullout for mule wagons to pass each other midway down the right side. Mules played an important role both in the construction of the Fort and as a mode of transportation.

(Inscription under the photo in the lower right) 1920’s

(Settlements & Settlers • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rankin Ranch

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California, Kern County, Walker Basin
This valley, Walker Basin, was originally named "The Park" before being named for Joseph R. Walker, an early day scout.

The founder of Rankin Ranch, Walker Rankin was 22 when he left Pennsylvania in 1854 for the California "Gold Rush." He founded Rankin Ranch in 1863 and married Lavinia Lightner, whose family had settled in the basin in 1858. The Rankin home and barns, which are still in use today, were built in the mid 1870's. From that time to the turn of the century Rankin Ranch was a "Stage Stop" for the overland mail and travelers enroute from Caliente to Havilah and Kernville.

The Rankin family is proud to continue this longtime ranching tradition. We dedicate this plaque to the Rankin family, which is celebrating 150 years of ranching in Walker Basin.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dedicated to Little Lucy and the Lightners

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California, Kern County, Walker Basin

Left Plaque: Dedicated to
Little Lucy
and the Lightners
Clyde (Bob) Robinson, Charman • Bob Robinson, Vice Chairman • Ron Wermuth, Secretary • Barbara Allen, Treasurer • June Price Boner, Public Relations • Norie Ellerman, Tribual Operations • Josephine Stone, Tribual Operations • Lucy Arvidson, Deceased • Phyllis Hix, Attorney.

Right Plaque:
In memory of Lucy, a Native American raised by the family of Livinia Lightner Rankin, married Francisco Robles about 1874.

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Artillery Bastion

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


A night at Talbot's theatre
Actor/manager Michael Atkins opened the city's first purpose-built theatre at the top of Artillery Street in 1774. It soon became the fashionable place to be seen especially at grand social occasions when the Assize judges were in town. Dashing young military officers scanned the audience to pick out the belles. By 1830, however, polite society had deserted the theatre on the grounds that audiences were rowdy and made up of 'the lower orders'. The building was converted into a Presbyterian Church.

The Playhouse
Theatre returned to Artillery Street in 1992 with the opening of the award-winning Playhouse community arts centre. The Playhouse captured the spirit of Field Day's creative response to the Troubles through theatre and poetry. Playwright Brian Friel and actor Stephen Rea founded the Field Day Theatre Company in 1980.

'Ring a ring a roses'
The Playhouse was created from two primary schools. A former pupil recalled her first days at school: There were high windows through which one could only see the sky and fat snaky radiators. The whole building was polished to within an inch of its life. Every surface gleamed. The parquet floors were like skating rinks and the stairs perilous and slippery. In 1994 the Playhouse invited 1500 local children to form a Ring Around the Wall.

A shirt on his back
Around 1780 young apprentice William Scott used to walk up Artillery Street every day to his job in Mr Gilmour's linen weaving firm. Aged 60 he spotted a growing fashion for cotton shirts with embroidered linen fronts. By the time he retired aged 85, the founder of the city's shirtmaking industry was employing over 250 weavers and 500 home workers.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kautz Creek Nature Trail

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Washington, Pierce County, Paridise Inn
Along this short trail, discover clues to one of the most powerful geologic forces that has shaped Mount Rainier.

Mudflows have thundered down this valley, topping trees, damaging bridges and leaving behind thick layers of mud and debris.

Stroll along this boardwalk to see the effects of these mudflows and to experience the recovery of this one dense forest.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Demi-culverin Cannon

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


Livery Companies of the
City of London
Demi-culverin (C4)
Bore 4.92," Length 90,"
Weight 2795lb

Sent to the city in May-June 1642 by the
Worshipful Company of Salters.
Probably cast by John Browne at one of his works in Kent.

(Disasters • Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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