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Looking Glass Rock

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North Carolina, Transylvania County, near Brevard
Like a gigantic mirror, Looking Glass Rock reflects a dazzle of sunlight when water collects on its granite face. This display is especially spectacular in winter when the water turns to ice.

Looking Glass Rock is a pluton formed by underground volcanic activity. Plutons are great masses of molten rock that have hardened under the earth's surface. Centuries of erosion finally exposed the rock and shaped it into the familiar dome we see today.

(Left Photo Caption)
Looking Glass Rock has been a landmark in the southern Appalachian Mountains for generations.

(Right Photo Caption)
Looking Glass Rock's massive size can be easily appreciated close-up.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Chrisman Swope Memorial Chapel

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Missouri, Callaway County, Fulton


In memory of
William Chrisman Swope
1878 - 1909
Graduated from Westminster 1900
Faithful to every duty, self-sacrificing and helpful. A loyal officer in his church, a sincere and devout Christian
—————
This building has been erected by his mother in his memory

"And by it, he being dead yet speaketh"
Heb[rews] 11:4

—————————————
In memory of
Mrs. Margaret Chrisman Swope
Benefactress of Christian Education
Donor of
William Chrisman Swope Memorial Chapel
and
James Chrisman Memorial Organ
—————
"A woman that feareth the Lord.
She shall be praised. xxxxx Let her own works praise her in the gates."
Prov[erbs] 31:30-31

(Churches, Etc. • Education • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robertson Historic District

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Missouri, Callaway County, Fulton


Rev. William W. Robertson, (1807-1894), Presbyterian minister and educator, established Fulton Female Seminary (1850) on W 7th Street, originally known as Seminary Street. Rev. Robertson founded Westminster College in 1853.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fighting at Harriet's Chapel

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North Carolina, Lenoir County, Kinston
On December 14, Union troops overwhelmed the Confederate line at Harriet’s Chapel. After making a determined stand, the outnumbered Confederates withdrew, fighting as they pulled back toward Jones Bridge.

Union Gen. Henry Wessells spent hours maneuvering his regiments into the swamp. Artillery pounded the Union soldiers as they formed in line of battle. Wessells planned to flank the Confederates and force them out of their fortifications. It was the same strategy employed successfully at Southwest Creek the day before.

As the Union troops advanced, the Confederates hit them with volley after volley of shot and canister. Unable to stop the Federal forces, the Confederates withdrew. The infantry pulled back in fighting retreat, protecting the artillery as it made for Jones Bridge.

After the battle, Harriet’s Chapel was “perforated with holes of all sizes, from that of the Minie-ball to the one caused by the thirty-two-pound shell.” Shells had stripped the bark from the trees. Dead and wounded lay around the church.

“As I lay there and listened to the Yankee bullets rattling upon the walls of that church and saw the weatherboarding perforated like a pepper box, I felt and thought…’remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy”. Those Yankee scamps were making the building mighty wholly (holey).” Capt. William H. Edwards, 17th South Carolina

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Site of Harriet's Chapel

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North Carolina, Lenoir County, Kinston
Harriet’s Chapel saw some of the most intense fighting of the Battle of Kinston. In 2010, Historical Preservation Group moved this building, once New Beaverdam Primitive Baptist Church, to this site to interpret Harriet’s Chapel’s role in the battle.

Harriet’s Chapel
Harriet’s Chapel vanished long ago and no photograph or drawing survives. It probably looked much like this building, which is typical of Civil War-era church buildings in this area. Union and Confederate regimental histories describe Harriet’s Chapel. Most agree that it was an unpainted wood frame building supported by piers.

New Beaverdam Primitive Baptist Church
Its congregation built New Beaverdam Primitive Baptist Church shortly after the Civil War. The interior was left unfinished “in the primitive way.” A pastor held services in the church once a month until the early 1950s, when the church closed. As was the customary, the deed passed to the last living member of the church, who sold the building. Moved from its original site, it became a tenant house and then a storage building. Michele Waller donated the building to Historical Preservation Group’s Lenoir County Battlefields Commission in 2009. It stands near where Harriet’s Chapel is thought to have stood.

(captions)
(lower center) Elder Joshua E. Mewborn served as the Elder of New Beaverdam Primitive Baptist Church from 1925 until the early 1950s, when the church closed. This photo was taken about 1949.

(upper right) The restored interior of the New Beaverdam Primitive Baptist Church building.

(center right) A Primitive Baptist Church baptizing, ca. 1940.

(lower right) Red Bank Primitive Baptist Church, Greenville, North Carolina, ca. 1950. Courtesy Bill Kittrell, Pitt County Historical Society

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Caring for the Wounded

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North Carolina, Lenoir County, Kinston
As the fighting surged past the church and the battle moves into Kinston, surgeons of both armies began the task of caring for the wounded. Harriet’s Chapel became a refuge and men from both sides found care at the church.

The fighting around Harriet’s Chapel was some of the fiercest of the battle. The building served as a defensive position while the battle raged. When Union forces arrived at the church, “Dead bodies lay scattered about the floor and our surgeons immediately appropriated it for a hospital.” Soldiers brought the wounded to the church for treatment. Surgeons using bone saws went about the gruesome task of amputation. Others did their best to treat and comfort the men who lay on the floor or on the pews.

The Union troops carried most of their wounded back to New Bern but the wounded Confederates remained in Kinston. The land around Harriet’s Chapel became a burial ground for both the Union and Confederate dead. The Federal government removed the Union remains to New Bern National Cemetery in the 1860s. The Confederate dead remained here until 1881, when they were reinterred in Maplewood Cemetery.

(captions)
(lower left) The grounds around Harriet’s Chapel must have looked like this after the battle. This hand-tinted photograph was taken at Savage Station, Virginia, in 1862.

(upper right) Union doctors care for Confederate wounded.

(lower right) The Confederate Monument in Maplewood Cemetery marks the resting place of forty-four Confederate soldiers.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Confederate Defenses of Kinston

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North Carolina, Lenoir County, Kinston
Confederate engineers built fortifications around Kinston and along the approaches from New Bern. You can see a portion of these earthworks from the boardwalk. This line of earthworks originally straddled the road to Jones Bridge, which was near the site of the current US 258/Queen Street bridge. The earthworks on this side of the road ended at the Neuse River. Those on the other side ended at a deep swamp.

Confederate engineers used Southwest Creek as a natural barrier, fortifying three bridges across the creek. They constructed earthworks on both sides of roads just north of the bridges, anchoring the works on swamps. The engineers believed that the Union troops could not or would not try to cross the swamps. They would have to assault the works head on.

North of Kinston, a ring of earthworks stretched from the river to the railroad on the city’s west edge. Camp Pool, a large fortified encampment east of the city, mounted heavy artillery protecting the Neuse River approach to Kinston. Obstructions placed in the river forced boats to pass through a narrow channel, making them easy targets.

(captions)
(left) Gen. Nathan G. “Shanks” Evans, commander of the Confederate forces at Kinston.

(upper center) Earthworks at Southwest Creek near Hines Mill.

(lower center) Swamps provided a formidable natural barrier.

(lower right) The earthworks around Kinston probably resembled this earthwork near Atlanta.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

G.A.R. Hall

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Minnesota, Meeker County, Litchfield

    The Grand Army of the Republic was an organization established in 1866 by Union veterans of the Civil War to preserve friendships, honor fallen comrades, and aid widows and the handicapped. It was wielded great political influence in the years just after the war. The G.A.R. last met in 1949 for its 83rd encampment; today there are no survivors of this organization.

   One of the finest examples of the architecture inspired by this movement is Litchfield's Frank Daggett Post, No. 35, organized in 1883 and named to honor the founder of the G.A.R. association in Meeker County. Dedicated on Memorial Day, 1885, the Memorial Hall was designed to resemble a fort and included a public library and reading and museum rooms. A "neat tin box" placed in the building's cornerstone contains a Bible, the names of post members and community leaders, and such memorabilia as postage stamps, coins, and battlefield relics. An addition built in 1961 houses the Meeker County Historical Society Museum.

seal of the Natural Resources Fund
seal of The Minnesota Historical Society, Instituted 1849

Erected by the Minnesota Historical Society
1970


(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Man-Made Features • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Washington’s Retreat to Victory

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New Jersey, Bergen County, Fort Lee

The Continental Army’s retreat route ran from the bluffs of Fort Lee’s Palisades, site of the American fortifications and nearby encampment, west on Fort Lee Road (present day Main Street) and continued west through the current towns of Leonia, Englewood, Teaneck, New Milford, and River Edge to Hackensack, where the troops spent their last night in Bergen County. Along this route in Fort Lee, General Washington turned defeat into later victories at Trenton and Princeton. The army was saved to continue the fight for independence and eventual victory, due to one of the most successful retreats in military history.
Marker Sponsored by
The Cafasso Family
Dedicated November 20th, 2013

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wessells' Advance—December 14, 1862

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North Carolina, Lenoir County, Kinston
Gen. John Gray Foster’s long blue line slowly marched north from Southwest Creek toward the Confederate line. The Confederates, behind a formidable line of earthworks protected by a swamp in their front, braced for the Union assault.

Gen. Henry W. Wessells commanded the Union forces on the field. He deployed this forces in line of battle, placing his brigade on the right side of the road and Gen. Thomas Amory’ s brigade on the left side. He put his artillery in the road.

At Wessell’s command the whole line surged forward. Confederate Gen Nathan Evans planned to hold out as long as possible against the overwhelming number of Union troops before crossing the river into Kinston and burning Jones Bridge behind him.

The Confederate strategy worked for a while. The guns found their mark and held the Union infantry. “The rebel guns opened upon their flank, raking their position. The of these guns was so concentrated and powerful that it cut a perfect path, two rods wide, for some distance through the forest.”

A Confederate barrage hit the 103rd Pennsylvania as it advanced deep into the swamp. The Pennsylvanians took cover and returned fire. The volley hit the 85th Pennsylvania, which in the smoke and confusion had moved ahead of Col. Lehmann’s regiment.

(captions)
(left) Gen. Henry W. Wessells
(right) Col. Theodore Lehmann

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Frogtown

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California, Siskiyou County, near Yreka
Near this spot in 1851 Frogtown was founded. It became the center of trade for the miners working on the nearby flats and gulches. When the Oregon Stage Road was made the town was moved to higher ground and in 1852 was renamed Hawkinsville. In 1858 a red brick church was erected in the center of town. It is still standing.

This monument dedicated
Sept. 3, 1977
E Clampus Vitus
Humbug Chapter 73

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Humbug Mining District

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California, Siskiyou County, near Yreka
In commemoration of prospectors, miners & their settlements along Humbug Creek – Frenchtown (Mowry’s Flat), Humbug, Humbug City, Riderville (Plugtown) & Freetown. The Howlin Wilderness Saloon, immortalized by Joaquin Miller, was located here.

After discovery of gold in 1851, million of dollars in gold were extracted along this creek and tributaries.

Principle mines were Eliza, Mono and McKinley.

First State Militia in Siskiyou Co. formed at Humbug City Dec. 6, 1855, was 75 men commanded by Capt. William Martin.

Dedicated August, 27, 1988 by
Siskiyou Historical Society &
Humbug Chapter 73 E Clampus Vitus

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cottonwood Basin

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California, Siskiyou County, Hornbrook
Originally this area was known as Cottonwood, for the trees that grew along the creek. Gold was discovered here in 1851 by John Thomas, and many rich mines were located nearby, the “Brasswire Mine” and the “Jillson Mine” among them. The name was changed to “Henley” in 1856, in honor of the local senator.

Dedicated by
E Clampus Vitus Humbug Chapter 73
and
Siskiyou County Historical Society

December 5, 1992

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cottonwood

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California, Siskiyou County, Hornbrook
Stage Coach Station
Cottonwood
1854 – 1887
Changed to Henley 1861
Early gold mining town

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Klamathon

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California, Siskiyou County, near Hornbrook
On this site was located the historic lumber town of Klamathon. Townsite laid out in 1888 by the Klamath River Lumber and Improvement Company with the sawmill completed on July 23, 1892. The town boasted a sawmill, box factory, sash and door factory, hotels, boarding houses, a school, post office, 2 churches and 5 saloons. Logs for the mill were floated down from company holding 25 miles upriver. Shortly after midnight on Monday, October 13, 1902 fire raged through the community and by dawn only a few dwellings remained. Most of these were lost to subsequent fires. At this date only a few traces remain of this once prosperous community .
Dedicated April 24, 1982.
Humbug Chapter 73.
E Clampus Vitus<.center>

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

All Roads Lead to Ager Stage and Freight Stop

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California, Siskiyou County, near Montague
Here along the Oregon-California Stage Road of 1856, a new road east to Linkville, now Kalamath Falls, was built in 1876.
With the arrival of the Central Pacific Railroad in 1887, Jerome B. Ager saw a need for a hotel, general store, saloon and dance hall to accompany the existing stage and horse barns. .
Ager became a railroad staging and freighting hub, providing services and supplies for travelers and local communities. .
Activities slowed in 1909 with the completion of the railroad line from Weed to Klamath Falls. In 1941 the town of Ager faded away and soon after the general store closed. .

Dedicated September 2008.
By
Humbug Chapter No. 73
and Umpqua Joe Outpost No. 1859
E Clampus Vitus

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Martell Stage Station

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California, Amador County, Jackson
Started about 100 years ago as Ryan’s Station. In 1888 became known as Martell’s Station. This was the main terminal for stagecoaches from Amador County gold mines. Large shipments of gold bullion were made from Martell’s Station to San Francisco, and supplies for the mines were transported back through Martell’s Station.

James W. Marshall
Chapter No. 49
E Clampus Vitus

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Robbers Rock

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California, Siskiyou County, near Yreka
On this site a least four known stage coach robberies occurred. In the hold-up of September 25, 1897, the robber William Harrall was trailed to Delta, Shasta County where he killed undersheriff William A. Radford. The last hold-up here and in California occurred on July 5, 1908 and remains unsolved to this day.

Dedicated by
Humbug Chapter No. 73
E Clampus Vitus
September 8, 1979

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Deadwood

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California, Siskiyou County, near Fort Jones
The town of Deadwood, in its brief existence, was one of the most important business centers in early Siskiyou County. In 1857 there wee three stores, three saloons, two butcher shops, a bakery, a blacksmith shop, two stables, and a dairy. Among the Deadwood businessmen were William Davidson, owner of a general store and butcher shop; C.H. Pyle, operator of another butcher shop; and William Pool, owner of a trading post. The drugstore was owned by Dr, Daniel Ream. Other businessmen included Caleb Gartrell, Nathaniel Sawyer, S.E. Stone, A.B. Carlock, and M. Rosenberg. In comparison to the large business section with its two hotels, there were few residences in town. Most of the miners lived in tents, log cabins, and shelters of all types scattered along the creeks and gulches. In 1856 the town was second to Yreka in population and cast 475 votes at the county convention of 1857. Deadwood came within a few votes of winning the county seat. By 1858 the glory of Deadwood had begun to fade. On December 26, 1861 a disastrous fire burned most of the town and soon after other fires completely destroyed the town of Deadwood.

Erected by
Siskiyou County Historical Society
1948

Small plaque below

Plaque restored in cooperation with the
Siskiyou County
Historical Society

And rededicated October 3, 2009
by
Humbug Chapter No. 73 and
Oregon Outpost Umpqua Joe No. 1859
E Clampus Vitus


(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

“Fort Jones House”

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California, Siskiyou County, Fort Jones
During the early 1850’s, this site on the California-Oregon Trail served as a stage stop, hotel and pleasure-house frequented by the soldiers of the fort. Also used for the Ottitiewa Post Office. Rusticated wood added later in the century.

Dedicated by
The Humbug Chapter No. 73
E Clampus Vitus
On December 6, 1975


(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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