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Gulf Cemetery

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Florida, Walton County, Santa Rosa Beach
Gulf Cemetery was established circa 1910 when the town of Santa Rosa was established on Hogtown Bayou. The town's first families began to bury their loved ones at this site, the area's highest elevation with a view of the Gulf of Mexico. The cemetery was formally established as a U.S. Government parcel on June 17th, 1914, when President Woodrow Wilson signed patent 414345, which authorized the sale of 40 acres of land to the Gulf Cemetery Association. Gulf Cemetery and the Alango Cemetery in St. Louis County Minnesota, are the only two U.S. patented cemeteries still in operation east of the Mississippi River. Gulf Cemetery has faced numerous since its establishment. It was sold in error three times for delinquent property taxes and, more recently, was threatened by private development. Originally the cemetery was subdivided by various religious denominations but now the grounds are interdenominational. The cemetery contains the remains of many veterans, as well as those of pioneer families, some marked by wooden crosses and weathered monuments, who were instrumental in the founding of the South Walton community. The cemetery's long tradition of volunteer care and preservation is still in place. A Florida Heritage Site

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Old Tractor

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Arizona, Coconino County, Flagstaff

This 1945 Model H International Farmall, purchased by the Zanzucchi Family after World War II, was used to plow the "Fields" at the Flagstaff Dairy. The Flagstaff Dairy operated from 1904 thru 1979 and was located 3 miles west of Flagstaff on Old Route 66. It is now the home of Flagstaff Ranch Golf Club.

(Agriculture • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Carl Richards' Garage

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Arizona, Yavapai County, Sedona

Carl Richards constructed this building in 1947 as his blacksmith shop. At the time, auto garage work was just a sideline. Richards is known as Sedona's first 'Fire Chief' because he kept the town's first fire truck in his garage. If there was a fire, someone had to find Carl to get the keys. The building also served as a community hall for town meetings and dances.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Enos A. Mills

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Colorado, Larimer County, Estes Park
Father of
the Rocky Mountain National Park
internationally known naturalist, author, lecturer and nature guide
Homesteaded on this site in 1885.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Cox or Coxes Station

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Pennsylvania, Washington County, near Finleyville
Built by Gabriel Cox about 700 yards Southeast of this site. Gabriel Cox came to this area in 1770 and took out a grant of 400 acres. The Virginia certificate was dated 1780 under the title of Coxburg. He also received another tract of the 262 acres called Coxes addition. Here he built a log cabin near a spring of water on the present Waldo Brown farm. He also built a fort or blockhouse for protection from the Indians near the Brown and Denninston line fence, which later became a militia post. Gabriel Cox was a major under the authority of Virginia from 1776 to 1781. He also was a participant in various expeditions that went out from this area against the Indians from 1778 to 1782. This was a stockade fort of considerable importance and was garrisoned by tropps. It was used as headquarters for the land commissioners granting Virginia land certificates until sometime in 1780. This is shown by old certificates on record in the Recorder's office dated at Fort Cox.

(Forts, Castles • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Chapel Methodist Church

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Pennsylvania, Washington County, near Finleyville
James Chapel has been in continuous use since it was built in 1817. It was the outgrowth of a class formed about 1810 at Robert James home.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

J.F.W. DesBarres

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Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Sydney
Founder of Sydney, 1785
Lieutenant Governor of Cape Breton

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St. Peter’s Canal / Le Canal Saint-Pierre

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Nova Scotia, Richmond County, St. Peter's
There are two plaques on this monument

St. Peter’s Canal / Le Canal Saint-Pierre
English
Connecting St. Peter’s Bay on the Atlantic Ocean with the Bras d’Or Lakes, St. Peter’s Canal follows substantially the portage of the old French trading days. The route was first surveyed in 1825 but construction did not commence until 1854, was suspended in 1856, renewed in 1865, and not completed until 1869. Since that time the canal has been twice enlarged and can now accommodate vessels with draughts up to sixteen feet.

French
Ce canal qui relie la baie St. Peters sur l’Atlantique aux lacs Bras d’Or suit plus du moins le vieux chemin de portage du Régime français. Son trace fut d’abord arpente 1825 mais sa construction entreprise en 1854, interrompue en 1856, reprise en 1865, ne fut terminée qu’en 1869. Elargi deux fois depuis le canal peut recevoir des navires ayant seize pieds de tirant d’eau.

St. Peters / Saint-Pierre
English
Site of Denys’ fort and trading post, built 1650.
Selected in 1713 as one of the three principal ports in Isle Royale, named Port Toulouse and fortified by works at Point Jerome.
Destroyed by Pepperrell’s troops 1745. Re-occupied by the French, 1748: evacuated, 1758.

French
Emplacement du poste établi par Nicolas Denys en 1650.
Nommé Port Toulouse et fortifié à Pointe-Jerôme, ce post devint, en 1713. L’un des trois ports principaux de l’Ile Royale.
Détruit par les troupes de Pepperrell en 1745; repris par les Français en 1748; abandonné par eux en 1758.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St, Peter’s and Its Canal

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Nova Scotia, Richmond County, St. Peter's
English
The community of St. Peter’s is situated on the neck of land that separates the Bras d’Or Lake from the Atlantic Ocean. Up until the introduction of road and rail travel, the lake was the highway of the interior of Cape Breton and the ocean link with the rest of the world.

The first survey for a canal was done in 1825. Construction started in 1854 and finished in 1869. Further improvements occurred in 1875-81, 1912-17, and 1984-85.
>br> Today the St. Peter’s Canal and the Canso Canal are the only operating canals east of the St. Lawrence River.

French
La localité de St. Peter’s est située sur un isthme séparant le lac Bras d’Or de l’océan Atlantique. Jusqu’à l’apparition des routes et du chemin de fer, le lac a été la principale voie d’accès à l’intérieur du Cap-Breton et le lien par la côte Atlantique avec le reste du monde.

La première étude en vue de l’aménagement d’un canal a été entreprise en 1825 et les travaux de construction on débuté en 1854 pour se terminer en 1869. Le canal a fait l’objet d’ameliorations entre 1875 et 1881, 1912 et 1917 et un 1984-1985.

Le canal de St. Peter’s et le canal Canso son aujourd’hui les deux seuls canaux en service à l’est du Saint-Laurent.

(Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

One Place, Four Names

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Nova Scotia, Richmond County, St. Peter's
English
St. Peter’s is one of Nova Scotia’s oldest settlements. The Portuguese were likely here in the 1500s, calling it San Pedro.

In 1650, the French established a post nearby under the name of Saint-Pierre, where they traded with the Mi’kmaq and fished for nearly twenty years.

The French returned to this harbor during the Louisbourg era (1713-1758), renaming the area Port Toulouse. Throughout most of that period there was a small garrison of soldiers and modest fortifications.

Did you know that…
in the 1650s French explorer and trader Nicolas Denys built a “haul-over road” here, which was made of logs? As a result, boats and small ships could be hauled from the ocean to lake and vice versa.

French
St. Peter’s est l’un des plus anciens établissement en Nouvelle-Écosse. Les Portugais sont sans doute venus dans les années 1500 à cet endroit qu’ils appelaient San Pedro.

En 1650, les Français y ont établi à proximité un post qu’ils baptisèrent Saint-Pierre et où ils pratiquèrent le troc avec les Mi’kmaq et la pêche pendant près de vingt ans.

Les Français sont revenus s’installer dans ce port a l’époque de Louisbourg (1713-1758), et l’ont rebaptisé Port Toulouse. L’endroit a abrité une petite garnison de soldats et de modestes fortifications pendant presque toute cette période.

Le saviez-vous?…
Dans les années 1650, Nicolas Denys, explorateur et marchand français, aménagea à cet endroit un «chemin de halage» fait de rondins? On pouvait ainsi tirer les embarcations et les petits navires pour leur faire franchir l’isthme.

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Korean War Tribute

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Wisconsin, Clark County, near Neillsville
We, the Korean Veterans Tribute Committee, designed this tribute to convey to you insight into the hardships and isolation experienced by our troops. The three bronze figures represent bitter cold, extreme heat and seemingly never ending monsoons. They rest on a platform in the shape of the Korean Peninsula – a reminder of the ongoing uneasy truce. The hillside is sculpted to resemble the terraced rice paddies in Korea.

The Korean War began as a civil conflict between communist North Korea and the Republic of Korea to the south. After failed attempts to create insurgencies in South Korea, North Korea troops crossed the 38th parallel, the border between the two nations, in the early hours of June 25, 1950 and invaded South Korea.

Shortly after this event, U.S. President Harry Truman, with the support of the United Nations (UN) Security Council, ordered General of the Army Douglas MacArthur to use whatever force was necessary to aid the South Koreans. This resolution marked the first time in the UN's short history that the use of force in answer to another country's aggression was authorized.

United Nations countries participating in the Korean War
United States Republic of Korea Canada United Kingdom Turkey Australia France Philippines New Zealand Thailand Ethiopia Greece Columbia Belgium Luxembourg South Africa Netherlands Denmark India Italy Norway Sweden

---1950--- June • North Korea invades South Korea and captures the city of Seoul
July • Gen. Douglas MacArthur named commander of the United Nations Forces
Task Force Smith with 406 U.S. Soldiers arrive in Korea to delay the main advance of 5,000 Soldiers of the North Korean Peoples Army
August • Defense of Pusan Perimeter

---1950--- September • U.S. Inchon landing
UN troops complete recapture of Seoul
October • U.N. forces advance into North Korea across the 38th parallel
Chinese Communists troops cross Yalu River into Korea
UN forces capture Pyonyang, the North Korean capital

---1950--- November • First all-jet air combat in history near Sinuisu
Battle of Chosin Reservoir
Chinese forces entered the war attacking in force near Unsan with 120,000 troops
General Douglas MacArthur's final "Home by Christmas" offensive begins
Breakout from Chosin Reservoir, Koto-re

---1951--- January • Communist forces oust United Nations forces, recapture Seoul
February • Battle of Chipyong-Ni
March • U.S. forces retake Seoul
April • President Truman appoints Gen Ridgeway as U.N. commander, replacing Gen MacArthur

---1951--- May • Americans first jet ace of the war
July • Truce talks begin
August • Battle of Bloody Ridge
September • Battle of Heartbreak Ridge
First helicopter deployment of a combat unit

---1952--- April • Cruiser Saint Paul engaged in gunfight
May • Raid on Agok
July • Battle for Old Baldy
August • War's largest air raid bombing, Pyongyang in 1,403 plane assault

---1952--- September • Largest all Navy raid. A total of 144 planes from three aircraft carriers destroy the oil refinery at Aoji
October • U.S. breaks off truce talks
Battle of the Hook
December • Battle of T-Bone Hill

---1953--- January • 270,000 Chinese and N. Korean troops man enemy lines
March • Heaviest Naval bombardment of the war is directed at Kaesong
April • Battle of Pork Chop Hill
Truce talks resume

---1953--- July • Battle of Kumsong River Salient
Last Communist offensive
Final U.S. ground combat. Heavy enemy (3,000 men) attack is launched in the Berlin Complex ("Boulder City") area held by the 7th and 1st Marine Regiments. Last Marine ground actions of the war are fought on Hills 111 and 119. TF77 planes fly 538 offensive sorties and 62 defensive sorties, a record number for a single day

United States Military Branches Serving in Korea
United States Army • United States Air Force • United States Coast Guard • United States Navy • United States Marine Corps

As General Taylor told his troops, the cease-fire did not mean that the war was over; it was a "suspension of hostilities an interruption of the shooting." And so it remains today.
Representatives of the UN and the Korean People's Army continue to meet in the Joint Security Area nicknamed "Truce Village" at Panmunjon. There has never been a formal peace treaty. Thus an armistice designed to last 90 days has endured for over 50 years.

---1953--- July 27 • Armistice signed
Last U.S. casualties: 5 GIs killed near Ansan, NK
September • Operation Big Switch: Last of 1,597 U.S. POWs released

Since the Civil War, we fought the bloodiest war of our history.
United Nations Forces Peak Strength: 1.2 million
United Nations Forces Casualties: 1.2 to 1.8 million
United States Forces Peak Strength: 480,000
Casualties:                36,574
Wounded:               103,284
Missing in Action:      4,578
Prisoners of War:        7,245

"Most people weren't even aware of where Korea was. They don't seem very concerned about it. You've got to remember that this is in the shadows of WWII.
Sometimes, it seems like the only guys who remember it are the guys who were there."
--- Joe Ohman

"After years of constant earsplitting noise, the cease fire suddenly came with an amazing silence."
--- Gary Corey, WI
"By the time I left the Pusan Perimeter, I had learned one lesson very well. War is not like the movies. In movies, guns never overheat. Ammunition never runs out."
--- Leroy Eaton, IN

Missing in Action
"It is one thing to die for your country. It has an ending. It is another to just disappear from the face of the earth, leaving no trace of a life that held so much promise. To be forgotten as if his life did not matter. This is not right."
--- Dan O'Keefe

"While my tour of duty during the Conflict did not take me to Korea, I am proud to have served during that time, helping to ensure a world free from fear. I salute those men and women who did endure the fighting, the cold and miseries associated with it. I want to remember those who received wounds and those who gave their lives for the sake of a free world."
--- Bob Berglund, WI

"This tribute is all we can give to those who served in this unforgettable conflict and to those who gave their lives in payment for the freedom we enjoy today."
--- Allen Jensen, WI
"The Korean War: Forgotten Soldiers of a Forgotten War... no longer forgotten."
--- Martin J. O'Brien

(War, Korean) Includes location, directions, 17 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rotary Club of Duluth 100th Anniversary

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Minnesota, Saint Louis County, Duluth


Rotary International

• The first Rotary Club was formed in Chicago in 1905 by a young attorney named Paul Harris who desired to discuss areas of common concern with other local business executives. They quickly decided to contribute their talents and resources to serve others.

• Rotary established its motto to be:
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Service Above Self
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• The Rotary Club of Duluth was chartered in 1911 as Rotary's 25th club.

• Rotary Club of Duluth hosted the National Rotary Convention in 1912. At that convention Rotary became international when members of the Winnipeg Rotary Club attended the meetings.

• Rotary International initiated a program to eradicate Polio worldwide in 1985 and the project is near 99 percent complete.

• Membership has grown to 1.2 million Rotarians in over 32,000 clubs located in 200 countries.

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This dramatic lighting, first seen on June 3, 2011 - the 100th Anniversary of the
Rotary Club of Duluth, Club No. 25
- was made possible by a gift from its members.

The lighting of this tower symbolizes the warm welcome extended by Duluth citizens to visitors from around the world and was provided in honor of the Rotary Club of Duluth's first 100 years of Service to the Community and the World.

The project was coordinated with the City of Duluth.

(Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Anchor of the Madeira

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Minnesota, Lake County, Split Rock Lighthouse State Park


This anchor was salvaged from the shipwreck of the 5000-ton steel barge, Madeira, which was tossed up against Gold Rock Point, about a quarter mile northeast of here, during the fierce storm of November 27-28, 1905. As the ship broke apart on the vertical face of Gold Rock Point, one of her crew, Fred Benson, carrying a coil of rope, leapt to the rock and, in the snow and dark, climbed the 80-foot cliff, secured the rope, and threw it down to the rest of the crew. Nine of her crew of ten men survived by climbing the rope to safety at the cliff top. One man died in the attempt as the ship broke apart and sank.

The storm of the century
The storm of November 27-28, 1905 sank or heavily damaged more than 20 ships on the western end of Lake Superior. Nine ships were wrecked and eleven men were killed along the North Shore.

As the result of this storm the U.S. Congress funded the building of Split Rock Light Station. The lighthouse went into service on July 31, 1910 within a quarter mile of the Madeira shipwreck.

The shipwreck
The storm-battered Madeira broke apart and sank in several pieces. In the 1960s a salvage company acquired rights to cut up the wreck for scrap iron. Scuba divers Raymond Peterson and Richard Hewitt purchased the title to the bow anchor that was still on the Madeira.

Working underwater for three weekends, the divers removed the four-ton anchor by hacksawing the heavy chain. The anchor was moved by truck to a dive shop in Brainerd, Minnesota for display. It was later returned to the North Shore where for many years it was displayed outside a gift shop along Highway 61 near Split Rock Lighthouse. In 2010 it was moved to its current location.

The Madeira anchor was donated to the Great Lakes Shipwreck Preservation Society in 2009 by Raymond Peterson, Richard Hewitt and Mrs. Sharon Sheppard. The GLSPS cleaned the anchor, applied a preservation coating, and built the display base. They moved the anchor to its current location on permanent loan to the Minnesota Historical Society.

The Madeira anchor monument was made possible by the donors, the GLSPS, and a 2010 Great Lakes Shipwreck Research Foundation Grant. This interpretive panel was made possible by a Minnesota Historical and Cultural Grant from the Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund through the vote of Minnesotans on November 4, 2008. Administered by the Minnesota Historical Society

[Image captions, from left to right, read]
1. Schooner-barge Madeira about 1900-05

Courtesy of Lake Superior Maritime Collection, University of Wisconsin-Superior

2. The Madeira shipwreck on the bottom of Lake Superior, at the base of Gold Rock Point.
Drawing by Stephen B. Daniel

3. Painting of Madeira wrecking on Gold Rock Point, by Kurt Carlson
Courtesy of Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society, Whitefish Point, Michigan

(Disasters • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial

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Minnesota, Wright County, Waverly
Dedicated to the Men
and Women of the Armed
Forces Who Served Their
Country in Times of
Peace and War

American Legion
Charles Claessens
Post 305 and
Auxiliary Unit
Waverly MN

This Memorial is Donated in Memory
of Harry H Klingelhoets
World War I Veteran
by his wife Grace A Klingelhoets

Memorial Day 1995


(Military) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hamlin

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Texas, Jones County, Hamlin
Early settler R.D. Moore conveyed 320 acres of land to the International Construction Co. (also called the Orient Land Co.) of Kansas City, Missouri, for a town site along the Panhandle Gulf Railway in September 1902. Probably named for Orient executive W.H. Hamlin, the Hamlin community was organized in 1905, the same year it received its first post office. The Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway reached Hamlin in 1906 and a newspaper, the Hamlin Herald, was first printed that same year. Hamlin was incorporated as a town and a school system was established in 1907. By autumn 1908, Hamlin had grown to more than one thousand citizens as more railroads reached the area.
     Hamlin quickly became a major shipping point, with its economy based on agriculture and the railroad. Among the town’s business operations were cotton compresses, a cotton oil mill, an ice plant, a cement and plaster plant, a grain elevator, several cotton gins, an electric generating plant, an ice cream factory and bottling works, and a telephone company. Churches formed in Hamlin’s early days included Church of Christ, Baptist, Methodist and Church of the Nazarene. A movie theatre opened in 1907. Central Nazarene College was established in 1909. The Oscar DePriest School System for African American students began operation in 1925.
     Oil was discovered near Hamlin in 1928, broadening the area’s economic growth with oil and gas exploration. In 1950, the town’s population was 3,564. The school system was integrated in 1965. The population of Hamlin in 1990 was 2,791. At the dawn of the 21st century, Hamlin remains a center for farming and varied manufacturing.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Boyd Chapel Community

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Texas, Jones County, near Hamlin
Settlements began to develop in Jones County by the mid-1800s, first around the abandoned Fort Phantom Hill site and then around ranches founded in the 1880s and farms established shortly thereafter. At this site in 1895, Reese Davis, Joe Swent and Alex Boyd built the Boyd School. The community that developed nearby came to be known as Boyd Chapel.
     Over the next decades, Boyd Chapel was shaped by early area landowners. These included Guy Arthur Hillier, a New York native who herded sheep from south Texas to this area, where he met and married Minnie Estes. Alexander Brown Young and his wife came to this area in 1897 from east Texas. They settled in the Boyd Chapel community with five sons, including their oldest, Thomas O. Young, who had a wife and family of his own. The Young family deeded land for Methodist and Baptist churches, and a tabernacle, school and teacherage. Judge L. Crow and his wife Dora built a unique house on a rise, using concrete, as well as stone gathered from around the U.S.; they cultivated an orchard and berry fields. In 1916, Raymond Young built a general store and gas station, the only one in Boyd Chapel. As the farming community grew, cotton became its primary crop.
     As in much of rural Texas, World War II greatly impacted the community’s population, with young adults serving in the armed forces or finding work in urban centers in support of the war. In 1947, the school consolidated into the Anson school district. Today, only burials in the nearby Neinda Cemetery link the present agricultural fields to the community known as Boyd Chapel.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Appointed to Serve

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Virginia, Henrico County, Richmond
Founded by the Presbyterian Church U.S. in 1914, the Assembly’s Training School was the church’s first coeducational "lay workers" school. Through the school, women barred from seminary received a theological education. Among the earliest faculty were women who taught social welfare, Christian ethics, and practicum at the 17th Street Mission, Richmond factories, and parts of Appalachia. Students and professors broke gender and racial boundaries, even creating an integrated roller rink and housing participants of the Poor People’s March in the 1960s. Renamed the Presbyterian School of Christian Education in 1959, the school is now part of Union Presbyterian Seminary.

(Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Duluth and Iron Range Depot

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Minnesota, Lake County, Two Harbors


Two Harbors owes its very existence to the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad (D&IR), established in 1883 to transport iron ore from the Vermilion Range for shipping to steel mills via the the [sic] Great Lakes. The railroad chose Agate Bay, renamed Two Harbors in 1888, for a terminus because it was relatively close to the mines, but more importantly, because the clay bottom bay, rare along the rocky Lake Superior shores, made construction easier.

Besides over 8,000,000 tons of iron ore annually, the D&IR was transporting freight and passengers by 1907, necessitating the construction of a depot. The railroad established its headquarters and corporate offices in the 110' x 44', two-story, brick building. When merged with the Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway in 1937, the railroad became known as the Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway and continued to serve local passenger and freight needs until 1960.

In 1961, the railroad allowed Lake County Historical Society to establish a museum in the depot. This was appropriate since Thomas Owens, Superintendent of the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad, was responsible for establishing the Historical Society in 1925. Ownership of the building was transferred to the Society in 1980.

National Register of Historic Places

(Communications • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Ore Taken From A Minnesota Mine

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Minnesota, Lake County, Two Harbors


Sample weighs 700 lbs.
Contains 70% iron
Presented by
Thomas Owens

(Environment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Duluth Missabe & Iron Range Yellowstone Mallet #229

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Minnesota, Lake County, Two Harbors


[Marker 1]
This locomotive is dedicated to the men, women, and families of the Duluth Missabe & Iron Range Railroad

[Marker 2]
DM&IR Yellowstone Mallet #229, which is displayed opposite the venerable Duluth & Iron Range Railroad 3 Spot, was one of eighteen locomotives of this type. They came in two separate contracts of eight locomotives in 1941 and an additional ten locomotives in 1943. All were built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works at their Eddystone plant in Pennsylvania.

World War II was raging and America's iron ore resource was absolutely vital to the war effort for building ships, tanks, and other military equipment. As one might expect, steel for military hardware took precedence over all nonmilitary use of steel. These Mallets however were so important when it came to moving the iron ore that they were assigned the A-1-A preference rating for the materials needed for construction. In other words the Yellowstones were a higher priority than military steel for tanks and ships. It is little wonder that they are often referred to as "The locomotives that defeated Hitler."

Yellowstone #229 was the second locomotive in the second group of Mallets (228-237) that were built in 1943. The 229 was completed and test run on January 5, 1943 and afterward scheduled to depart the Baldwin plant on January 9th. This was mid-winter and the ore season was closed in Minnesota. Rather than going to Duluth or Two Harbors, #229 was sent to Denver, Colorado to be leased to the Denver Rio Grande & Western Railroad until the opening of the next ore shipping season. During that winter 229 pulled long freight trains over the Rocky Mountains and Continental Divide. Other Yellowstone sisters assisted on the Great Northern and Northern Pacific as well as the Denver & Rio Grande Western each year.

When the 229 returned from Colorado in 1943, it was sent directly to Two Harbors to begin working on the Iron Range Division.

Photos are courtesy of the Missabe Railroad Historical Society, Bruce Meyer Collection

[Marker 3]
Only 72 Yellowstone locomotives were ever built in the U.S. They were operated by the Baltimore and Ohio, Northern Pacific, Southern Pacific, and Duluth Missabe & Iron Range.

The DM&IR Yellowstones were 128 feet long and weighed in at over 400 tons with no coal or water. Filling the tender took 26 tons of coal and 25,000 gallons of water. Altogether the working weight was almost a million pounds. Steam pressure was 240 pounds per square inch creating a tractive effort of 140,000 pounds.

Often compared to the Union Pacific's Big Boy locomotive the DM&IR Mallet's had smaller drive wheels giving them incredible power at slower speeds. The speed limit on the heavy railroad was 45 miles per hour. Yellowstones were capable of pulling trains that would require four diesel locomotives today.

The last Yellowstone Mallet to make a regular ore run was #222 on July 5th, 1960 on the Missabe Division. It was sent to Two Harbors and put on display for a very short time before being swapped for #221. This engone [sic] deteriorated in the weather and was replaced in 1967 by #229, which had been stored in the Proctor roundhouse up until then. In 2011 the #229 underwent a complete cosmetic in an effort to preserve it for future generations.

The 3 Spot and Yellowstone Mallet #229 locomotives represent the first and the last in the evolution of the steam locomotive on Minnesota's Iron Range.

[Photo captions, from top to bottom, read]
#229 at the sand tower in Two Harbors
The DM&IR is a left handed railroad
#229 at the water tower in Two Harbors
Heavy throttle northbound out of Two Harbors
The #221 being put on display in Two Harbors. This photograph demonstrates the articulation of the Mallet locomotive.

Photos from the
Missabe Railroad Historical Society / Bruce Meyer Collection
The Lake Superior Museum of Transportation / Frank King Collection
And the Lake County Historical Society

The Lake County History Society would like to thank Dr. Mark S. Wilke for his contribution to this project.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Railroads & Streetcars • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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