Salem Cemetery

August 1, 2014, 8:27 am

≫ Next: Sloan-Journey Expedition of 1838

Indiana, Marshall County, near Bourbon

Salem Cemetery
Established 1838

A Historic Cemetery Listed in Indiana's Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Installed 2012 Indiana Historical Bureau and LaPaz Lions Club, Center Township Trustee

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Sloan-Journey Expedition of 1838

August 1, 2014, 8:35 am

≫ Next: Roberts Cemetery

≪ Previous: Salem Cemetery

Texas, Tarrant County, Arlington

In the spring of 1838, Captains Robert Sloan and Nathaniel T. Journey led a group of about 90 northeast Texas frontiersmen on a punitive expedition against the Indians who had raided their homes in present-day Fannin County. The trail led them to the vicinity of present-day Euless and Arlington, where they attacked a small Indian village, killed several Indians, and recovered a few horses. The Sloan-Journey expedition is among the first known Anglo-American activities in what is now Tarrant County that helped to open north Texas to white settlement.

(supplemental)
This marker was relocated to River Legacy Parks in 2003.

(Exploration • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Roberts Cemetery

August 1, 2014, 8:40 am

≫ Next: Friendship Academy and High School

≪ Previous: Sloan-Journey Expedition of 1838

Indiana, Marshall County, near Argos

Roberts Cemetery
Established 1849

A Historic Cemetery Listed in Indiana's Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Installed 2012 Indiana Historical Bureau and LaPaz Lions Club, Center Township Trustee

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Friendship Academy and High School

August 1, 2014, 8:43 am

≫ Next: Taber Cemetery

≪ Previous: Roberts Cemetery

North Carolina, Alamance County, near Burlington

Was located 150 yards north-east of this marker. Built by community effort and without public funds. This school was dedicated to thoroughness in all subjects taught, and to the building of character as fundamental for the growth of the student.
Friendship High School
1908-1928
in honor and memory of all the principals
S.T. Stancel • B. Patterson
Philip E. Shaw • E.J. Perry
Junius A. Hornaday • Frank R. Yarborough
Charles Shuler • D.I. Offman
Harden F. Taylor • D.H. Dofflemyer
Marvin C. Terrell • Jerry H. Bason
Meade Hart • Raymond C. Keck

Presented by Friendship Alumni Association
1950

(Education) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Taber Cemetery

August 1, 2014, 8:54 am

≫ Next: Powell Park, the Old Burial Ground

≪ Previous: Friendship Academy and High School

Indiana, Marshall County, near Plymouth

Taber Cemetery
Established 1835

A Historic Cemetery Listed in Indiana's Cemetery and Burial Grounds Registry of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources

Installed 2012 Indiana Historical Bureau and LaPaz Lions Club, Center Township Trustee

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Powell Park, the Old Burial Ground

August 1, 2014, 9:18 am

≫ Next: The British Advance is Halted

≪ Previous: Taber Cemetery

Ohio, Logan County, Bellefontaine

In memory of

William Powell
1757- 1835
who fought in the
American Revolution
1775- 1783

erected by his grsnd daughter
Mary Powell
Honorary regent of Bellefontaine
Chapter Daughters of the American
Revolution
1914

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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The British Advance is Halted

August 1, 2014, 12:49 pm

≫ Next: Geology of the Willmar Region

≪ Previous: Powell Park, the Old Burial Ground

New York, Jefferson County, Sackets Harbor

Near here, members of the U.S. Army's 9th, 21st, and 23rd Infantry, along with 313 light dragoons, and the Albany Volunteers were positioned in a drainage ditch to defend the approach to fort Tompkins. They held this position for over an hour until they were ordered to retire, twice forcing the British to fall back to the edge of the forest.

"... the dragoons in particular ... fought like lions and actually gained the day. [they] were the best infantry on the line."
Jacint Laval, Major, U.S. Dragoons, to the President, 16 August, 1815.

Unfortunately, an American junior navy officer, observing the battle from Black River Bay and believing all was lost, sent a prearranged signal to the navy yard. this caused fires to be set to the American barracks and warehouses, which destroyed the supplies the British wanted to transport back to Kingston, Upper Canada.

The Hall Farm
Jesse Smith purchased a portion of the battlefield from Michael Mooney in 1832 and sold it three years later to Thomas S. Hall. A member of the hall family built the Greek Revival style house around 1835. Between 1815 and 1949, various owners operated a small dairy farm to the south of the cantonment area. The buildings that remain from this complex date between 1835 and 1907. In 1967, New York State purchased the farm and added it to the historic site property.

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Geology of the Willmar Region

August 2, 2014, 10:05 am

≫ Next: William Pittenger

≪ Previous: The British Advance is Halted

Minnesota, Kandiyohi County, Willmar

     The agricultural land of the Willmar region has a history that dates back 60 million years, when an inland sea covered the Great Plains from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean. As the adjacent land eroded and life in the sea flourished, sediments for sandstone, shale, and limestone were deposited on the sea floor and eventually became rock. Later, when the sea level dropped, these sedimentary rocks were exposed on dry land.

     About 14,000 years ago, during the end of the Ice Age of the last two million years, glaciers advancing southward from Canada scraped up and carried great quantities of those sedimentary marine rocks from Manitoba and northwestern Minnesota. When the ice melted, rock fragments, crushed by the moving ice, were left as a layer of glacial drift across the state. This drift was rich in lime, magnesia and potash, so became a great natural resource as the parent material for fertile soils over much of the state.

     Earlier glaciers also advanced across Minnesota from the north-northeast about 25,000 years ago. This ice eroded the igneous bedrock in Ontario and the Lake Superior region and deposited a reddish, more sandy and rocky drift. Soils that developed from this parent material are not as fertile.

     Most of the surface material in the Willmar region is the rich, fertile sediment deposited by the more recent glaciers from the northwest. The belt of hilly topography and abundant lakes northwest of Willmar, however, once marked the edge of a glacial lobe from the north-northeast. The margin of that ice left piles of sediment there at its farthest advance, forming a glacial deposit called a terminal moraine. While this moraine is buried under the more recent drift from the northwest, its effect on the topography is still very evident.

Erected by the Geological Society of Minnesota in Partnership with the
Minnesota Department of Transportation and the Minnesota Geological Survey 1998

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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William Pittenger

August 2, 2014, 4:50 pm

≫ Next: Society of Friends in Early Smithfield

≪ Previous: Geology of the Willmar Region

Ohio, Jefferson County, near Toronto

Side A
Born in Knoxville in 1840 and reared at a farm in New Somerset, William Pittenger mustered into the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under a 90-day enlistment, in 1861. He fought at the First Battle of Bull Run and was the war correspondent for the Steubenville Herald. After reenlisting, he participated in the ill-fated Andrews Raid of 1862. While attempting to disrupt enemy lines, the raiders stole the Confederate locomotive "The General." After being chased north, they were captured.
(continued on other side)

Side B
Eight of the twenty-two captured raiders were executed as spies and the remainder languished in prison. After being paroled in 1863, Pittenger was presented the fifth Congressional Medal of Honor by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant. He was discharged from the Army due to poor health and returned home to preach at the New Somerset Methodist Church and recount his experiences in several books, including Daring and Suffering: A History of the Great Railroad Adventure.

(Railroads & Streetcars • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Society of Friends in Early Smithfield

August 2, 2014, 5:06 pm

≫ Next: The Landing Area

≪ Previous: William Pittenger

Ohio, Jefferson County, Smithfield

The Plymouth Meeting of Smithfield is considered one of the earliest Society of Friends (Quaker) congregations in Ohio. Jesse Carr, William and Sarah Carr's first born son, is noted in the Plymouth Meeting records as being born the "10th of 5th mo." in 1792. All seven children of William and Sarah were born before the name changed from Plymouth Meeting to Smithfield Meeting in 1818. Opposed to slavery, many Quakers were "conductors" on the Underground Railroad. Joseph and Rebecca Cope kept a "station" for runaway slaves on their farm, which was located northwest of Smithfield, adjacent to Northern Cemetery (St. Rt. 151).

(Abolition & Underground RR) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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The Landing Area

August 2, 2014, 6:08 pm

≫ Next: The Post Cemetery

≪ Previous: Society of Friends in Early Smithfield

New York, Jefferson County, Sackets Habor

The American garrison had ample warning of the British attack. Before dawn, British and Canadian forces had landed on Horse Island and had pushed the American troops back to the opposite shore despite fire coming from Fort Tompkins, the Albany Volunteers, and the militia.

Once ashore, the British formed two wings. One advanced with fixed bayonets moving parallel to the shore toward the navy yard. A second moved to screen their right and to flank the village. Although the British pushed the majority of the militia into flight, other militiamen regrouped in a planned pullback and took up defensive positions behind fallen trees. Here, they stood firm in line with the regulars waiting to counter the British advance.

"The British had a landing strength of 870 men, 37 natives, and 2 cannon supported by 6 ships containing 700 men and 98 cannon. The Americans had 840 U.S. regulars, a 250-member elite unit of Albany Volunteers, and 550 local militia supported by 3 ships and shore batteries totaling 150 men and 13 cannon."

Horse Island
Horse Island, privately owned today, was farmed until the 1930s. Summer homes and farmland now occupy the area across from the island, where the American militia once stood ready to repel the British landing in 1813. The U.S. Lighthouse Service built a lighthouse on the island in 1831. The present brick lighthouse replaced it in 1870.

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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The Post Cemetery

August 2, 2014, 7:09 pm

≫ Next: Those Buried At Fort Ontario

≪ Previous: The Landing Area

New York, Oswego County, Oswego

Dedicated on July 1, 1906, Fort Ontario’s post cemetery contains the graves of 77 British and American soldiers, as well as some of their wives, mothers, and children. The original cemetery was established 300 yards southeast of the fort in 1759 and was used from the period of the French and Indian War until its closure in 1815. It was reopened in 1839 and remained an active burial ground until the post closed in 1901. Two years later, the bodies were moved from their original location and re-buried in the present post cemetery.

Several hundred British and Provincial soldiers and civilian artisans died of disease, accident, and Native American attacks during the year leading up to the French capture and destruction of Oswego in 1756. Unmarked graves discovered during the rebuilding of Fort Ontario in 1903 may be associated with the British 51st Regiment of Foot and the Jersey Blues, which were two of the units stationed at the fort in 1755-56.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Those Buried At Fort Ontario

August 2, 2014, 7:44 pm

≫ Next: Revolutionary War Patriots Monument

≪ Previous: The Post Cemetery

New York, Oswego County, Oswego

Although the majority of those buried in the post cemetery were enlisted men who died of sudden or protracted illness, several stones mark the graves of career retired soldiers, such as Sergeant John S. Trowell, who died later in life. The background information on the burials was gathered from the National Archives, military records, original documents, newspapers, and many other sources.

Historical research has tentatively indicated that the 12 gravestones marked “Unknown Soldier” represent the graves of soldiers of the 3rd U.S. Artillery Regiment who died defending Fort Ontario from British attack in 1814. This 1815 etching by Robert Havell is based on a drawing by British Royal Marine John Hewett sketched shortly after the battle.

Accidents and tragedy claimed the lives of many buried in the post cemetery. Lt. Basil Dunbar died from a bullet wound received in a duel in 1759. Privates James Brannighan and Patrick Callighan drowned in the harbor. In April 1937, Mrs. Celia Davis endured both the sudden death of her husband Private Henry P. Davis from a heart attack, and the death of her son William H. four days later. In 1857, retired soldier Joshua Hibbard was murdered with his own sword in his nearby farmhouse. His murderer was the only man ever hanged in Oswego County.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Revolutionary War Patriots Monument

August 2, 2014, 8:00 pm

≫ Next: 1809 State Road

≪ Previous: Those Buried At Fort Ontario

New York, Oswego County, Oswego

To perpetuate the memory of
the men and women
who gave their lives,
their services, their
fortunes, to achieve and
maintain American independence.

by Fort Oswego Chapter NSDAR
Dedicated August 17, 1976

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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1809 State Road

August 2, 2014, 8:32 pm

≫ Next: Roosevelt Church

≪ Previous: Revolutionary War Patriots Monument

New York, Oswego County, Pennellville

Later Plank Road, passed
through Roosevelt hamlet,
founded by Nicholas J.
Roosevelt

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Roosevelt Church

August 2, 2014, 8:57 pm

≫ Next: Trinity Episcopal Church

≪ Previous: 1809 State Road

New York, Oswego County, Pennellville

Erected 1858 by Seventh-Day
Adventists. New York conference
organized here in 1862. Hiram Edson,
Adventist pioneer, rests in
this cemetery.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Trinity Episcopal Church

August 2, 2014, 9:24 pm

≫ Next: The Battle of Ogdensburg

≪ Previous: Roosevelt Church

New York, Oswego County, Constantia

Erected 1831, 24 acres
and building donated by
Frederick W. Scriba.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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The Battle of Ogdensburg

August 2, 2014, 9:39 pm

≫ Next: Kempwyk

≪ Previous: Trinity Episcopal Church

New York, Saint Lawrence County, Ogdensburg

February 22, 1813
British Lieutenant Colonel "Red" George Macdonnell led a force of about 650 soldiers and artillery across the ice to attack the American garrison at Ogdensburg commanded by Captain Benjamin Forsyth. Macdonnell moved to put an end to American raids across the river.

[Map highlights]
1. Two columns leave Prescott to march on Ogdensburg. One is hauling artillery on sleighs. Macdonnell's column makes a frontal assault on the town near the unfinished Fort Oswegatchie.

2 Captain Jenkins of the Royal Artillery leads the artillery column toward Fort Presentation and the gun positions on the point.

3. Macdonnell's troops fight their way through the settlement and capture American artillery.

4. American artillery drives Jenkins' force back to Prescott from where they join Macdonnell's advance.

5. The larger main column from Canada reaches the east bank of the Oswegatchie, and crossing the river, enters Fort Presentation as Forsyth's troops retreat toward Sackets Harbor.

The American Fort Oswegatchie, never completed, was on the shore bounded by Washington, Franklin and Elizabeth Streets.

Through the Drifts
The advance of the British regulars and Canadian militia was hampered by the snow drifted on the St. Lawrence, as well as the musket and artillery fire from American positions. However, the attackers succeeded in overrunning the guns and driving the American defenders through the streets. The victors burned several schooners and gunboats frozen in the harbor, captured 11 artillery pieces, and arms, ammunition and military supplies. What could not be removed was destroyed.

Ogdensburg 1813
In 1813 Fort Presentation was abandoned and no American forces garrisoned the town for the duration of the war. The Town of Ogdensburg thrived on the east back [sic - bank] of the river thanks to contraband trade with Canada.

Fort Presentation was named by the Americans in honor of Fort de la Présentation founded on the site by the French in 1749. From 1760 to 1796 it was called Fort Oswegatchie while under British control. By 1812 Fort Presentation was in disrepair; Forsyth established his artillery in positions outside the fort.

Events Leading to the Battle
1813
February 22nd - Macdonnell launches his successful two-prong assault against Ogdensburg. Before withdrawing, British troops and some civilians plunder the town

February 19th - Lt. Col. Macdonnell demands the return of civilian goods and an end to American raids into Canadian villages. He is answered with insults.

February 7th - Crossing the river from Morristown, Forsyth retaliates by freeing the prisoners, taking more than 50 locals hostage and capturing a supply of arms.

February 4th - British forces cross the river, capture a handful of American civilians and troops, and retire to Elizabethtown (Brockville).

1812
October 4th - Responding to the 1st US Rifle's [sic - Rifles'] raid on Gananoque September 21st, Col. Robert Lethbridge, commanding at Prescott, leads an ill-fated amphibious assault on Ogdensburg.

Summer - American Captain Forsyth and his company of the 1st US Rifles are stationed in Ogdensburg to observe British movements on the St. Lawrence River.

(Forts, Castles • Patriots & Patriotism • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Kempwyk

August 2, 2014, 9:54 pm

≫ Next: Aka Se We':Ka Tsi (Oswegatchie)

≪ Previous: The Battle of Ogdensburg

New York, Oswego County, Cleveland

Home of
Francis Adrian
Van der Kemp
1793

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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Aka Se We':Ka Tsi (Oswegatchie)

August 2, 2014, 10:20 pm

≫ Next: First Congregational Church

≪ Previous: Kempwyk

New York, Saint Lawrence County, Ogdensburg

Iroquois Village
In 1751, approximately 3,000 Iroquois lived in villages on both sides of the Oswegatchie River and the small islands in between, with the most influential families living in the three villages neighboring the fort. Together their homes numbered nearly 50 longhouses, each between 60 and 80 feet long and housing three or four families.

1752 Map of The Mouth of the Oswegatchie River
Map derived from a French drawing, distortions resulted from the incomplete data available at the time.

After Fort de la Présentation was built a village began to develop outside the fort walls.

As a result of the French defeat, Abbé Picquet was forced to flee Fort de la Présentation in 1759 with the help of his Iroquois friends and converts.

Strategic Partnership
During the French and Indian War, the French fort and the Oswegatchie Iroquois villages were of strategic concern to the British. By 1754 more than half of the Onondagas had moved to the Iroquois villages near Fort de la Présentation. The Oswegatchie Iroquois also maintained strategic trading relationships with the Palatine German settlers living to the south in German Flatts (Herkimer), NY and the British feared they might use the Germans as a supply source in their war against them.

The Oswegatchie Iroquois distinguished themselves in battle and diplomacy. Beginning in 1756, they appeared before the leaders of the Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Tuscaroras and Oneidas to argue the usefulness of siding with the French.

This 1760 drawing shows Fort de la Présentation and some of the buildings of the Iroquois village during a skirmish between the British and French on the river shortly after the fort was abandoned.

(Forts, Castles • Native Americans • Patriots & Patriotism • War, French and Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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