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McCook Field

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Ohio, Montgomery County, Dayton
McCook Field was established as a research and development facility of the U.S. Army Signal Corps Aviation section. 18 October 1917, this Dayton site favorably located within the U.S. industrial complet became the aviation engineering and development station and proving ground with the entry of World War I, it was the "Cradle of Aviation" for ten years. As airplanes became faster and heavier, a huge sign warned aviators..."This field is small use it all" and soon the 254 acre McCook Field became inadequate. On 12 October 1927, on more than 4000 acres donated by Dayton Citizenry, Wright Field was dedicated and that site became the new center of U.S. Military Aviation experimental efforts

(Air & Space • War, World I) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Elkhart County Revolutionary Soldiers Memorial

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Indiana, Elkhart County, Elkhart


Erected by
The William Tuffs Chapter
National Society
Daughters of the American Revolution
In Honor of the Revolutionary Soldiers
Buried in Elkhart County

William Tuffs • Walter Denny • John Proctor • Jacob Leer • John R. Cathcart

Dedicated July 4, 1932
Rededicated July 4, 2004

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Elkhart Carnegie Public Library

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Indiana, Elkhart county, Elkhart


Elkhart Carnegie Public Library
1903-1963

Second and High Streets
Local Financial Supporters: A.H. Beardsley, G.B. Pratt, Sr. And the City of Elkhart
Head Librarian: Katherine Sage

In February 1901, backed by a promise from the Elkhart City Council of property and on going financial support, two Elkhart businessmen, A.H. Beardsley and G.B. Pratt, Sr. secured a promise of $30,000 from New York industrialist Andrew Carnegie to construct the first Elkhart public library. Mr. Carnegie, a long-time supporter of libraries nationwide, later upped his support by $5,000.

Contractor W.H. Maxwell of Angola, Ind. Began on the building in September of 1901 and the project, buildings and grounds, eventually cost $37,000, a true bargain considering what the library is now worth to the community.

When the Elkhart Public Library opened its doors for the first time, in 1903, it boasted of “more than 7,000 books” acquired by donation from various school, church, and private libraries. In the first year of operation, librarians circulated 58,080 titles to the Library’s 3,393 registered borrowers – roughly one-fifth of the city’s 17,000 residents.

By 1961, because of the library’s growth and the fact that the existing building could not have been expanded, a new Elkhart Public Library was erected on the southeast corner of Second and High Streets.

The Carnegie building continued to serve as classroom facilities for the Elkhart High School until it was demolished in 1970.

Reprinted by permission of the Elkhart Public Library. Michael Ehret, author.

(Photos Caption)
Elkhart Carnegie Library (above photo) Exterior of library facing Second St. at northeast corner of Second and High Streets. (bottom photo) Interior of main lobby area with marble columns. (photos courtesy of the Elkhart Public Library)

(Education) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Elkhart High School

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Indiana, Elkhart County, Elkhart


Elkhart High School
1910-1972

Second and High Streets
Architect: E. Hill Turnock
Superintendent: E.H. Drake
Principal: S.B. McCracken

Elkhart High School was designed and built to match the existing Central School Building (bottom photo), creating a unified pair of buildings covering the whole block of High St. between Second and Third Streets.

Central School became a junior high school in 1911 and remained until 1952 when Northside Junior High opened. The building was then incorporated into a part of the High School.

In 1924, an auditorium and gymnasium were added. The vocational annex, the only building remaining today, was erected in 1928. The school continued to grow and by 1941 expanded into the old Trinity Methodist Church, located on the south side of the high school. In 1963 the school moved additional classes into the old Carnegie Library, which sat at the northeast corner of Second and High Streets.

The building of the “Senior Division” at Rice Field (now Elkhart Central) in 1966 created a separate “Sophomore Division”.

The creation of Elkhart’s second high school, Memorial, closed the last chapter of this grand building in 1972.

Source: 100 Years Elkhart High School by John A. Stinespring

(Upper Photo Caption)
Elkhart High School, viewed from the southwest corner of Second and High Streets. Designed by E. Hill Turnock in 1911. This building replaced the old High School at the corner of Lexington and Vistula. That building became an elementary school known as Samuel Strong. Although no longer a school, it remains standing today. (photo courtesy of the Time Was Museum)

(Lower Photo Caption)
Central School, viewed from the southeast corner of Third and High Streets. Built in 1908, it served students from grades one through eight. In 1919 it became the Central Junior High School and later incorporated into the High School in 1952. (photo courtesy of the Elkhart Public Library)

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War in Graham County

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North Carolina, Graham County, Robbinsville
During the Civil War, Graham Country (the part of Cherokee County) offered scant support to the secessionist cause, although both ardent Confederates and staunch Unionists lived here. The region was not financially dependent on slavery. Most families wished to remain neutral but were pressured into choosing sides and then suffered from both Union and Confederate raiders. Renegades or bushwhackers were especially troublesome here, where the rugged terrain offered a haven.

Confederate Capt. J.W. Cooper’s Company H, 69th North Carolina Infantry, occupied Camp Cheoah on Rhea Hill, site of present-day Robbinsville Elementary School. Col. William H. Thomas’s Legion, of which Cooper’s company was a part, defended western North Carolina from Federal incursions. An engagement occurred here in November 1864 between Companies C and G of the 3rd Tennessee Mounted Infantry (U.S.) and Cherokee soldiers of Thomas’s Legion.

The 3rd Tennessee Mounted Infantry consisted largely of Confederate and Union deserters. Several Kirkland family members joined but later operated independently here as the Kirkland Bushwhackers under John Jackson “Bushwhacking” Kirkland. His band of outlaws terrorized the area, ambushing, robbing, and murdering innocent people.

After the principal Confederate surrenders in April 1865, Maj. Stephen Whitaker of Thomas’s Legion issued parole papers to Confederate troops here at Thomas’s Store on May 14. They were among the last troops in North Carolina or east of the Mississippi River to surrender, eight days after one of the last engagements in the east on May 6 at Hanging Dog Creek in Cherokee County.

(captions)
(lower left) Cherokee veterans of Thomas’s Legion at the 1903 Confederate Reunion in New Orleans. Courtesy The Mountaineer
(upper center) William H. Thomas Courtesy North Carolina Office of Archives and History; Stephen Whitaker Courtesy Bruce Whitaker
(upper right) Union bushwhackers attacking Confederate cavalrymen, engraving by Junius Henry Browne, 1865.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Macon County Confederate Memorial

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North Carolina, Macon County, Franklin

(front) In memory of
The Sons of Macon County
who served in the
Confederate Army
during the
War Period
1861-1865

Co. H, 16th Regiment, N.C.T. Infantry

(side) Co. I, 39th Regiment, N.C.T. Infantry
Co. E, 65th Regiment N.C.T. 6th Cavalry

(rear) Co. D, 62nd Regiment, N.C.T. Infantry
Co. K, 9th Regiment, N.C.T. 1st Cavalry

(side) Co. B, 39nd Regiment, N.C.T. Infantry
Co. C, 65th Regiment, N.C.T. 1st Cavalry

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Thomas's Legion

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North Carolina, Macon County, Franklin
Confederate Col. William H. Thomas organized Thomas’s Legion of Cherokee Indians and Mountaineers is western North Carolina in September 1862. The people of this area were sometime referred to as highlanders, and local residents called Thomas’s unit the “Highland Rangers.” Thomas eventually recruited more than 2,000 officers and men, including two companies composed of 400 Cherokee. The unit fought in Tennessee, Kentucky and Virginia and largely prevented the Federal occupation of western North Carolina. Part of the Legion served in the final engagement of the war in North Carolina at Waynesville on May 6-7. Thomas surrendered the Legion to Union Col. William C. Bartlett on May 9.

Several Macon County men, both white and Cherokee, joined Thomas’s Legion. Among the Cherokee were several from Sandtown, a village just west of Franklin in the Cartoogechaye area. The chief of Sandtown, who also served, was Chuttahsotte or Jim Woodpecker, to whom Thomas himself gave a long rifle made by the renowned Gillespie family of mountain gunsmiths.

(sidebar 1)
William Holland Thomas (February 5, 1805-May 10, 1893) was the first and only white man to serve as a Cherokee chief. An influential figure in antebellum Western North Carolina, he was instrumental in establishing the Qualla Boundry (the reservation for the Eastern Band of Cherokee), located north of Franklin. As state senator in 1848, he helped charter the Great Western Turnpike from Asheville through Franklin to Murphy that was essential to the region’s development. President Andrew Johnson pardoned Thomas in 1866, but illness prevented him from resuming his political career. Thomas is the subject of a 2006 novel, Thirteen Moons, by former Franklin resident Charles Frazier, the author of Cold Mountain.

(sidebar 2)
Col. Thomas gave this Gillespie rifle to Chuttahsotee (also known as Cha-Cha Sottee, Chutahsotih, Jim Peckerwood, and James Woodpecker), a Cherokee who served in Thomas’s Legion. Chuttahsottee (ca.1799-August 15, 1879) was one of a small number of Cherokee who remained in Macon County after the 1835 Treaty of New Echota, which resulted in the forced removal of most Cherokee to Oklahoma in 1838-1839 on the Trail of Tears. Chuttahsotte and Cunstagih, his wife, who died a few days after him, are buried in the Saint John’s Episcopal Church cemetery in Franklin, and a marker stands over their grave. The rifle is now on exhibit next door at the Macon County Historical Museum.

(captions)
(left) Macon County Confederate veterans on parade at a reunion in 1900, looking northeast from this spot, with the old Macon County Courthouse on the left. - Courtesy of Macon County Historical Society
(upper right) William H. Thomas - Courtesy North Carolina Office of Archives and History
(lower right) Chuttahsotee’s Rifle - Courtesy Macon County Historical Museum

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Chinese Cemetery

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Victoria


Before 1903 the remains of early Chinese immigrants were buried in the low-lying, southwestern corner of Ross Bay cemetery. This area was often flooded after a heavy rainstorm. In the early 1900s, high winds and waves eroded a few waterfront Chinese graves, exposing coffins and sweeping away their remains. In 1903 the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association (CCBA) purchased this site for a cemetery.

Traditional Chinese burial practices had the remains exhumed after seven years, the bones cleaned and dried, then packed in wooden crates for shipment back to China. While awaiting shipment, these bones were kept in a "bone house." Remains from across Canada were sent to Victoria for storage until the next shipment. Transfer of these remains ceased in 1937. The CCBA closed the cemetery in 1950 after all of the available burial sites were occupied. A final ceremony was held in 1961 burying the last of the remains in 13 mass graves.

[Photo caption reads]
Memorial Service at Harling Point
BC Archives #G-03076
——————————
Feng Shui
The Chinese cemetery site was chosen for its use of the principles of Feng Shui (literally, wind and water).

The cemetery site is flanked by the "Azure Dragon" (Qinglong, a higher elevation) on its left and by the "White Tiger" (Baihu, a lower ground) on its right, and backed with a "Pillow Mountain" (Zhenshan, Gonzales Hill) where the two cosmic forces of Dragon and Tiger converse. It is embraced by the "Living Water" (Shengshui, symbol of wealth) of McNeil [sic] Bay, Juan de Fuca Strait and Gonzales Bay.

One buried here, similar to a high-ranking official on an elevated platform, commands a "Grand Hall" (Mingtang, Juan de Fuca Strait) in front and faces a distant "Worshiping Mountain Range" (Chaoshan, Olympic Mountains) which is symbolic of worshipers.

[Image inset of Dragon and Tiger]
——————————
Natural Features
Harling Point is home to several rare plant species and the location of unique geological (rock) features.

Located at this site you can find during the moist springtime flowering season plants found only in a gentle Mediterranean climate. These include the common and tall camas; shooting star; Macoun's meadowfoam and the white fawn lily.

Two pieces of the earth's crust meet at Harling Point. Glaciers have carved large grooves in the rocks and left behind several large, glacial erratics (rocks moved by glaciers and left on top of a different kind of rock).

One such erratic, known as "Harpoon Rock," is associated with local Songhees oral tradition. The story tells of a man hunting seals and being visited by "The Transformer" who turned him into stone.

[Main inset photo caption reads]
Harpoon Rock at Harling Point - photo courtesy of Dr. David Lai
——————————
Community
The preservation and beautification of the Chinese Cemetery is a joint project of the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association, the District of Oak Bay and members of the community.

This nationally recognized cemetery is an important part of our local heritage. It is a tie with our past, a pleasure in the present and a legacy for the future.

The walking trail provides a link with other features in the community. Support for the pathway came from the Provincial Capital Commission.

A place such as this has meaning for all of us. Working together we can maintain the beauty, respect and importance of this site for many generations to come.

Support is gratefully acknowledged from:
[The federal government of] Canada [and the provincial government of] British Columbia.

(Asian Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Environment • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Stevens Log House

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg
The 1830s Stevens Log House is a fine, intact example of early 19th century village life with few amenities. From this primitive site, its residents observed the great conflict and Confederate occupation of West Middle Street during the Battle of Gettysburg.

This award is given to Ernest and Linda Shriver for their commitment and hard work towards the betterment and beautification of Historic Gettysburg.

The John L. Andrews II Memorial Award of Main Street Gettysburg is presented in recognition of building façade improvements completed in the best interest of historic restoration and preservation.

John L. Andrews II, of the National Park Service, was a Founding Member and Secretary of the Main Street Gettysburg Board of Directors. A true believer in the mission and ideals of Main Street Gettysburg, John Andrews’ relentless passion for the long-term well-being of Historic Gettysburg comes alive through each newly restored and preserved site.
John L. Andrews II, 1952-1996

Main Street Gettysburg, Inc. is a non-profit organization committed to the development and preservation of historic Gettysburg for the economic benefit of the local community.

(Notable Buildings • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Year of the Ocean

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Sidney


If the Oceans of the world perish, so shall we. This mural was painted in celebration of the "International Year of the Ocean", and is a brief glimpse into the story of ocean science on the west coast. A mere fraction of the story is depicted here.

The mural is a dream of the Ocean, and like a dream it flows across a montage of images floating through space and time. Beginning in the distant past, with an Ancient Navigator lovingly holding our Ocean planet, it ends with a question and our hope for the future:

[Caption texts read]
[Instruments] Astrolabe, Quadrant, Sextant

"K-4", the first navigational chronometer, was used by Capt. Cook to chart his voyages

Coastline from Pacific charts circa 1700

Cartouche from an early Russian map: "On this Coast in the Year 1741 was Captain Chirikov"

Captain Cook's ship HMS Resolution

Sea ape (drawing from Steller's journals, in the 1800's)

Black smokers (where, it is believed, life originally emerged)

Tube worms

Spider crab

ROPOS, a Canadian unmanned submersible for deep sea exploration

Humpback whale & drift net

Tethered Nuyt suit

Diatoms (red tide)

Pisces III, a Canadian built manned scientific submarine

Ocean warming: 1850 to 2050 (charted at UVIC)

Scientists and crew on the CCGS JP Tully pulling a 1.5 mile long line of equipment and floats from deep in the Pacific

Current meters by Applied Microsystems and ESI Environmental Sensors Inc.

Topex-Poseiden Satellite: for ocean science communications

Solar powered wave meter by Axys Technologies

St. Catherine, a research and weather ship

Ocean eddies

Pacific viperfish from the benthic zone

Mesocosm: a reminder of an important scientific study undertaken in the Saanich Inlet by IOS

Chaetoceros convoltus: an organism that attacks fish by attaching to their gills

PCB molecule & Dioxin molecules, which persist throughout the marine food chain

Fisgard Light

Scientific advice and assistance was provided by
The Institute of Ocean Sciences, UVIC, and many other BC science and high tech companies.

Artist: Icebear
www.icebearstudio.com

(Environment • Exploration • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mayor's Community Builder Awardees at Beacon Park Pavilion

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Sidney


Town of Sidney
BC Spirit Squares
Beacon Park Pavilion

Opened June 28, 2009
by the Honourable Steven Point,
Lt. Gov. of BC
A legacy of the 150th anniversary of the founding of the Crown Colony of British Columbia
——————————
Joan E. Ballenger
1939 - 2005

The Town of Sidney and Peninsula Celebrations Society celebrate Joan Ballenger, an incredibly active community volunteer. In 1994, Joan saw an opportunity to share her love of music with the public and initiated the Sunday afternoon music concerts. To this day the concerts are enjoyed by many.
A woman with a vision
Plaque Dedicated June 28, 2009
——————————
Don Trivett
"The Master Builder"

The Town of Sidney and friends of Donald (Don) Trivett celebrate his many contributions to Sidney including the concept of the Peninsula Celebrations Society in 1984 which he chaired for many years. His commitment to excellence saw the growth of the PCS to the great success our citizens enjoy to this day.
Mayor's Community Builder Award
Presented by Mayor Larry Cross to Don Trivett 2011
——————————
John Bell
"Master Designer"

The Town of Sidney and friends of John Bell celebrate his many contributions to Sidney including his years of long service on the Advisory Planning Commission, his dedication to the Memorial Park Society which assisted in the creation of the Mary Winspear Centre and his hundreds of hours of volunteer design work for non-profit societies. His contributions will stand for generations to come.
Mayor's Community Builder Award
Presented by Mayor Larry Cross to John Bell 2012
——————————
Jeannette Hughes
"Community Builder"

The Town of Sidney and friends of Jeannette Hughes celebrate her many contributions to Sidney including 9 years of service on Sidney Town Council. Jeannette was a tireless advocate for establishing Sidney as one of the most accessible communities on the Island. She was most proud of organizing Access Awareness Day and founding the Annual Christmas Dinner at the Mary Winspear Centre, dedicated to people who would otherwise be alone at Christmas.
Mayor's Community Builder Award
Presented by Mayor Larry Cross - 2013

(Charity & Public Work • Entertainment • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Franklin Street “Colored” School 1884-1932

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg

On this corner stood the only building built for the sole purpose of educating the Colored children of the Borough of Gettysburg. In 1834 Pennsylvania mandated public education. On September 19, 1934, citizens of Gettysburg met and chose six persons to serve as school directors. Thaddeus Stevens, a civil rights activist and legislator, served as director. It is believed that Mr. Stevens’ position as a director influenced the decision to establish a school for the instruction exclusively of the Colored children of the borough.

From 1834-1884, school was held approximately four months of the year in various rooms in the Colored community including the AME and AME Zion Churches. Lloyd F. A. Watts (Colored) taught for 16 years prior to the building of the Franklin Street School in 1883. In 1884 Mrs. Sally M. Stewart was chosen to be the teacher in the newly built school.

A number of female teachers, Black and White, taught from 1900-1924 when Mrs. Elsie B. Wolf became the teacher until the school closed for economic reasons in 1932. Schools were then totally integrated.

(African Americans • Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Waterfront Industries

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British Columbia, Capital Regional District, Sidney
Before town planning and notions of the picturesque, waterfronts were convenient for industrial development. As a transportation hub, Sidney's waterfront boasted a sawmill, a cannery, boatworks and roofing plant, besides rail and ship facilities.

Sidney sawmill began in 1892 to cut lumber for the V&S Railway. After initial success it flagged and was in receivership by 1913. Closed until 1917, it was revived by GH Walton. By 1920 it employed about 150 men, the largest workforce in the area. In 1934, following a fire, it closed, another victim of the Great Depression.

Saanich Canning Company was incorporated in 1904 by JJ White and J Wilson, both of Sidney; it met the need for seasonal canning of clams, fruit and berries. At peak times it employed over 100 workers. In 1939 the company was sold to BC Packers, and subsequently, to Canadian Canners. In 1966, after a few years as a site to process seaweed fertilizer, the buildings were demolished.

Sidney Rubber Roofing Company was the sole manufacturer in western Canada of rubber roofing. Incorporated in 1912, it processed felt roofing manufactured in its Victoria plant. In 1921 the Sidney facility burned down. The factory was consolidated in Victoria and later moved to Vancouver. It is best remembered for duroid shingles.

[Inset photo captions read, from top left around to top right]
1.
Sidney waterfront, c. 1920. Sidney Cannery, Copeland & Wright Boatyard, and Sidney sawmill office are visible.
(Helen Cochrane Collection P985.15.1)

2. Lumber storage shed of Sidney Lumber Co., later Mitchell & Anderson Hardware, demolished 1981.
(Sidney Archives P985.18.2)

3. Sketch of Sidney sawmill (D Muralt).

4. Workers at the Sidney Sawmill, c.1921.
(Alice Nunn Collection P983.27.1)

5. Saanich Brand label, c. 1940.
(Sidney Archives)

6. Clams on barge with cannery in background.
(Sidney Archives P981.5.8)

7. Waterfront view of Saanich Cannery, sawmill and ferry dock, c.1934
(Art Musclow Collection)

8. Portion of 1924 Fire Insurance map showing the Sidney Cannery.

9. Workers in the cannery.
(Sidney Archives)

10. A part of the clam fleet at Saanich Cannery.
(Sidney Archives P993.28.1)

11. Sidney Rubber Roofing Company. Built in 1913, the plant contained an engine shed, two large processing structures, each about 140'x 50', wharf and two steel tanks each holding 10,000 gallons.
(Sidney Archives P993.26.1)

12. Sidney Sawmill
(May John Collection P981.1.1)

Visit the Museum and Archives at the corner of Beacon Avenue and Fourth Street.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Recreation on Half Moon Lake

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Wisconsin, Eau Claire County, Eau Claire

"The regular meeting of the Dovre Ski Club will be held Friday evening...all members must be present. The home boys have improved wonderfully and a lively contest is looked for."                             Eau Claire Weekly Free Press
        January 26, 1893
    Once part of the meandering Chippewa River, this crescent-shaped oxbow became known as Half Moon Lake. Used in the 19th century as a holding pond for logs and to harvest ice for refrigeration, its waters also offered many opportunities for solitude and recreation. Through the years, seasonal events have drawn sportsman, athletes and spectators to the lake and its shores.

    In winter, ice fishing, skiing, skating, and horse racing brought people together to enjoy events on the ice. As part of Horseshoe Island (now known as Carson Park,) the bluffs at the north end of the lake offered an excellent place for a winter ski jump. A slide erected in 1889 was used by the Dovre Ski Club for Sunday afternoon tournaments and crowds gathered on the frozen lake to watch the jumpers fly distances as far as fifty-five feet. Horse racing was also popular as fans watched riders who competed for purses up to $80. Today, figure skating and hockey players clear the snow to practice, and shacks dot the frozen lake as hardy anglers patiently wait for a lucky bite during the ice fishing season.

    In summer, the lake came to life with swimming, fishing and boating. Log rolling competitions were also popular, and in 1941 over 5,000 people watched the world championship log rolling tournament. During the 1898 Fourth of July celebration, Carl and John Johnson appeared on a waterbike; a bicycle suspended on wooden pontoons with the sprocket driving a propeller and handle bars steering the rudder. Today, people still enjoy picnics on the shore or rollerblading and bicycling the trails. And spectators gather to watch the Fourth of July fireworks or the Eau Claire Ski Sprites, a troupe of youth precision water-skiers that present exhibition shows at Half Moon Lake.

Sponsored by:
The Guettinger Family
1999

(Entertainment • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Shaded Reprieve

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Maryland, Prince Georges County, Upper Marlboro
Well-shaded Fenno Road provided relief for sweltering British soldiers marching from Benedict. On August 22, 1814, their fourth day of travel, they set out from Nottingham along the road that has existed since at least 1729. Vestiges of the sunken road still resemble the wooded sections of the British invasion route.

“The road...we travelled...was remarkably good... Running through the heart of a thick forest, it was...sheltered from the rays of the sun...which, in a climate like this, is of no slight" – British Lt. George Robert Gleig

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Rock House

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Tennessee, White County, Sparta
Built of Tennessee sandstone between 1835 and 1839 by Barlow and Madison Fisk, the Rock House served as a frontier toll house and stagecoach inn along the Wilderness Trail. President Andrew Jackson stopped here on his trips to and from Washington to visit Samuel Denton, owner and operator of the Rock House. Other notable visitors included President James K. Polk and Sam Houston.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dr. John H. Bayne of Salubria “Prince of Horticulture”

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Maryland, Prince George's County, Oxon Hill


A Need For Change
After acquiring the Salubria land and building his manor house here in 1830, Dr. John H. Bayne quickly realized that devoting the entire property to the cultivation of tobacco was not going to produce the income he needed. Tobacco was a labor intensive crop, and the African slaves necessary to provide the labor were becoming too expensive to acquire and maintain. In addition, tobacco could be planted in a field only once in three years. More frequent tobacco planting robbed the soil of its necessary nutrients. As a result, Bayne began formulating plans to replace tobacco with more profitable and less labor-intensive crops – fruits, vegetables and flowers for the national capital area market.

Horticulture Experiments

Dr. Bayne saw the need to develop these crops with particular attention to their suitability to the soil and weather at Salubria. He also sought to develop strains which were early producers of choice fruits and vegetables. His experiments in cross pollination and selective grafting proved to be very successful in producing excellent strawberries as well as superior peaches, apples, pears and grapes. Bayne’s reputation as a horticulturist, first recognized locally in 1843, quickly spread from Maryland in the mid-Atlantic region and onward to New England and even to Europe. By 1847, Bayne was commonly addressed as “The Prince of Horticulturists” in the press, professional journals and among his peers. In that year’s Prince George’s County Agricultural Exhibition, Bayne’s ‘mammoth apples and superior grapes’ garnered exceptional praise.

A More Profitable Use of Trained Slaves
By 1852, Dr. Bayne’s orchards contained 15,000 trees – 8,000 of them were producing peaches suitable for consumption as table fruit, rather than limited to the production of brandy. The Salubria field slaves were apparently trained by Bayne not only to plant the trees and harvest the crops, but also to prune and maintain them to maximize their early harvest productivity. Salubria’s field workers also played a part in producing superior strains of strawberries, grapes and potatoes. Because of the scope of these tasks, Baynes’s slaves must have participated in implementing his selective cross pollination of the strawberry plants and the grafting of the grape vine stock.

Sharing His Knowledge
Dr. Bayne was an early supporter of the concept of a professionally educated farming community. He regularly wrote articles on agriculture and horticulture which were published in local, regional and national trade journals. He was elected President of the Prince George’s County Agricultural Society in 1849.

Bayne was also a member of a small group of prominent farmers and horticulturalists who founded the Maryland Agricultural College which became the University of Maryland at College Park.

(Agriculture • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Curtis F. Shoup

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New York, Oswego County, Scriba
First Plaque:

Posthumously awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor,
Curtis F. Shoup is the symbol
of all those from the town
of Scriba who have served in
the wars of the United States.

Second Plaque:

Curtis F. Shoup
New York
Staff Sergeant 346 Infantry 87 Division
World War II
January 11, 1921 - January 7 1945

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Basilica of Saint Mary

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Minnesota, Hennepin County, Minneapolis
This property has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places By the United States Department of the Interior

(Churches, Etc. • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Saint James Court

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Milwaukee
This property has been listed by the United States Department of Interior in the National Register of Historic Places This Neo-Classical Beaux Arts-influenced building was designed in 1895 by the prominent Milwaukee architectural firm of Ferry and Clas. The design references certain concepts of the “City Beautiful” movement such as downtown urban living, electric street lighting, streetcars, and pedestrian conveniences. These City Beautiful concepts were featured at the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. In 1903, when the land became available, the Saint James Court Apartments were built here on Milwaukee’s main street, Wisconsin Avenue. What exists at this special place on Wisconsin Avenue with its Court of Honor in the boulevard, venerable churches, the heavily-used and monumental Central Library, the popular Wisconsin Club, and the Saint James Court building shows how built examples of City Beautiful principles continue to combine aesthetics and function to create a framework for Society.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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