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The Capital City Guards

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery
In July 1885, the state Adjutant General authorized the organization of a black infantry company known as the Capital City Guards. Joseph L. Ligon was elected captain. Over the next 20 years, the Capital City Guards were a source of tremendous civic pride in the African-American community. They participated in formal inspections, drills, and encampments, as well as in Emancipation Day parades and annual commencement exercises at Tuskegee Institute. Drill meetings were held at Dorsette Hall at 216 Dexter Avenue.

At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Capital City Guards, commanded by Capt. Abraham Calvin Caffey, helped form Co. A, Third Alabama Volunteer Regiment. Although Alabama's black regiment never saw foreign duty, it remained in service longer than any other volunteer unit in the state.

The Capital City Guards was the only black militia unit remaining in service in Alabama after the Spanish-American War, remaining on detached service until it was disbanded in 1905. After the demise of the Capital City Guards, over 60 years would pass before Alabama would again admit African Americans into its National Guard.

(African Americans • War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Forest Avenue's Medical Facilities / Oak Park Montgomery's First Public Park

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery

Side A
Forest Avenue's Medical Facilities

With the growth of the Highland Park suburb in the 1890s, a medical community developed along Forest Avenue. In 1895, Dr. Isaac Watkins opened Highland Park Sanatorium in three frame houses in the 500 block. In early 1920s, Watkins sold to Dr. T. Brannon Hubbard who practiced in one and conducted a nursing school in another. Later, he built Hubbard Hospital adjacent to them. Dr. Hubbard closed his hospital in 1956, but continued to practice until 1968. In the 1930s, a Children's Hospital provided services by pediatrician Dr. C. Hilton Rice. Following World War II, in 1946, Dr. Frank Jackson and twelve other doctors founded Jackson Hospital that expanded into one of the largest in the area. In addition to the hospitals, hundreds of individual doctors have devoted themselves to the community, carrying out the medical traditions established here in the late 19th century.


Side B
Oak Park
Montgomery's First Public Park


Streetcar and land developers opened Highland Park in 1886 at same time adjacent suburb with that name was developing. In mid-1890s, City purchased park and renamed it. Oak Park became popular with zoo, pools, pavilion and picnic areas. A segregated facility, the City closed it in 1957, but re-opened it in 1965 as integrated park and gardens. In 1968-69, City built W.A. Gayle Planetarium, operated by Troy University. For years, the well-loved Myers Pop Corn served thousands of happy customers who proved his slogan "By My Corn I Shall Be Known." Marcus B. Myers's stand was just outside the Oak Park gates on Forest Avenue; he was known throughout the neighborhood for his generosity and kindness to the children who were patients in nearby hospitals.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Johnnie R. and Arlam Carr, Sr. Home

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery
This home was originally owned in 1901 by Emily V. Semple. It changed hands several times until purchased by Flora K. Daniels and Arlam and Johnnie R. Carr, Sr. The Carrs moved into this residence in 1943. They resided here during the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott. Johnnie Carr was an active member of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) under the leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., at that time. In 1964, Johnnie and Arlam Carr, Sr. became the lead plaintiffs on behalf of their son, Arlam Carr, Jr. in the Carr v. Montgomery Board of Education case which resulted in desegregation of Montgomery Public schools. Mrs. Carr was elected the first female and fifth President of MIA providing leadership for more than 35 years. She has been a part of many efforts of that organization to promote racial harmony, provide opportunities for minorities and support community development.

(African Americans • Civil Rights • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Frank M. Johnson, Jr. Federal Building and US Courthouse

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery
Side 1
Named in honor of Judge Frank M. Johnson, Jr. (1918-1999), who served here as U.S. District Judge from 1955-1979, as U.S. Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit July 12, 1979 - October 1, 1981, and as U.S. Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit October 1, 1981 - July 23, 1999. Nationally renowned as a fearless, uncompromising jurist who rendered numerous landmark decisions upholding equality under the law, and enforcing the fundamental tenets of the Constitution in the turbulent years of the civil rights movement in America. Among other historic rulings, Judge Johnson presided over cases authorizing the Selma to Montgomery March (1965) and the Freedom Rides (1961), requiring that women and blacks be allowed to serve on Alabama juries, desegregating the Alabama state police, and requiring the extension of mental health treatment to persons institutionalized for mental illness. (Continued on other side) Side 2
(Continued from other side) Born in Winston County, Alabama October 30, 1918, Johnson served as an officer in the ETO during World War II where he was wounded twice and awarded the Combat Infantry Badge and the Bronze Star medal. He was the recipient of multiple national honors during his judicial career, including the Edward J. Devitt Distinguished Service to Justice Award (1984), the American Bar Association's Thurgood Marshall Award (1993), and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995) as well as LL.D. degrees from the University of Alabama, Boston University, Yale, Tuskegee University, Mercer, Notre Dame, and Princeton. He was a lifelong champion of the right of all Americans "to share in the freedoms which our government was established to secure and protect."

(Government) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Family's Proud Heritage

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Minnesota, Renville County, near Sacred Heart

This land was first tilled in 1867 by Ole Enestvedt and a pair of oxen with a single bottom plow. The early years were hard, back-breaking years as homesteading usually was. In 1900, Ole and Anna's youngest son, Engebret started the Enestvedt Seed Corn Company while attending the St. Paul School of Agriculture. This is the story of a strong Norwegian family that continues the tradition of seed corn production still today here in the beautiful Minnesota River valley.

It was while Engebret was attending school that the University of Minnesota released 13 open pollinated varieties of seed corn in 1897. Engebret began growing and selling seed corn.

In 1908, Engebret married Clara and they started a family. A sad change came to the family as Engebret passed away in 1923 at the age of 43, leaving his wife Clara and five young children to carry the load of home and the seed corn business.

In the mid 1930's, the company started growing University of Minnesota hybrids call Minhybrids. The planting process changed using tractor-pulled multiple row planters with staggered planting dates to accommodate the crossing of hybrids.

The Enestvedt brothers, Odean, Johannes, and Bert, managed the business through many changes and improvements in the seed corn industry. Johannes invented a machine to aid in seed corn planting. It was the combination of a two- and three-row corn planter mounted on the front and back of a single tractor enabling him to plant up to six rows of corn with one machine.

In 1994, Bert received the Eldon Siehl Prize for Excellence in Agriculture due to his lifetime of service in production agriculture.

Enestvedt Seed Corn has received many awards over the years, including the University of Minnesota release of Bert Soybeans named for Bert and his involvement in the soybean industry.

The Enestvedt Seed Corn Company is still family-owned and is managed by a member of the third generation of this sturdy Norwegian family, Roger Enestvedt. This is a heritage to be proud of.

Corn Detasseling
Detasseling is essential to producing hybrid seed corn. The pollen-producing tassel is removed, so the corn plants that will produce the seed corn can't pollinate themselves. Instead, pollen from another variety of corn grown in the same field is carried by the wind, pollinating the detasseled corn's silk. The result is seed corn that bears the genetic characteristics of both varieties which can produce healthier crops with higher yields. Despite technological advances in agriculture, detasseling is still a task that is done primarily by hand though now detasselers ride instead of walk.

Food for a Nation
The Minnesota River Valley has a regional, national and international story to tell of the growth and development of the American system of agriculture; Taking Food to a Nation. Telling the story of the region's innovations (e.g., agriculture cooperatives and Green Giant), its productivity and its farming systems will help all visitors to better appreciate the importance of agriculture to this nation.


The Minnesota River Valley Scenic Byway
Funded in part by Federal Highway Administration
logos of: America's Byways; Enestvedt Seed Co.; Scenic Byway Minnesota River Valley
www.mnrivervalley.com

(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Memorial

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Kansas, Allen County, near Moran


In memory of
Our Fallen Comrades

May 30, 1893

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Memorial

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Kansas, Bourbon County, Bronson


In memory of the
Heroes of '61-'65.
May the deeds of valor of
them and their comrades
forever inspire love of
liberty and country.

(Man-Made Features • Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historical Village of Hero Named in Honor of Private Jesse Taylor

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Pennsylvania, Greene County, near Jollytown
The village of Hero was originally located on the land where this sign now proudly stands. Today Hero is identified by a dot on most county maps. Even so the past has marked this spot sufficiently to give it a right to the title of historical. Within sight of Hero is the grave and almost within a stone's throw the birth place of Jesse Taylor, the first soldier from Greene County PA to die in action in the Civil War and in whose honor the village was named. A beautiful monument was erected at the near by village of Jollytown in 1892. At the head of the little brook called Bland's run that gurgles through the beautiful valley facing Hero on the north is to be found the cemetery and once site of Gilmore Township's first church now known as Old Mount Tabor that was built in 1818. Also north of Hero can be found the Taylor Cemetery where Jesse's grandfather and Revolutionary (continued on other side of Historical Sign. (Other Side)"soldier John Taylor was laid to rest along with Jesse Taylor and brother Thomas and brother-in-law John T. Pouge all three Civil War soldiers of Company F 7th Regiment West Virginia Volunteers. This land was originally called Hubely's Delight and was purchased by John Taylor Sr. in 1800. GAR Post #450 and Hero Road are named in Jesse's honor. In Mt. Morris, PA a large monument was erected also honoring Jesse and his comrades of Co. F 7th WVA Volunteers." "The Historical Supportive Family of Greene County Residents. Residents surrounding the community of Hero, Taylor descendants, Consul Energy and other friends."

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Ladies Memorial Association

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Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery

To the
Ladies Memorial Association
formed in this auditorium
April 1866 for the purpose
of ministering to the living
Confederate soldier and
to keep in remembrance
his high principles
and heroic deeds.
———————
This tablet placed in
loving remembrance by the
Montgomery Junior Memorial
April 26, 1912
———————————
This tablet
was originally installed in the
Court Street Methodist Church
formerly located on this site
Replaced
by
Sophie Bibb Chapter U.D.C.
April 26, 1937

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Toll Gate Hill

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New York, Niagara County, Lockport
Toll Gate built and owned by the Lockport - Wrights Corners Plank Road Co. One of three toll roads in Niagara County 1849-1905.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lockport Bank

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New York, Niagara County, Lockport
Established 1829. First and only bank in Niagara County until 1837. Used as bank until 1852.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tabor Bridge

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New York, Niagara County, Wilson
Dr. Hiram B. Tabor, Wilson Physician for 45 years, built this house beside bridge in 1846 on land acquired from Simon Sheldon.

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Leake - Stillwell Mills

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New Jersey, Hunterdon County, Whitehouse
Site of the Leake-Stillwell Grist & Fulling Mills. c1757

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Kittelsland Water Wheel

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Minnesota, Renville County, near Sacred Heart

This water wheel was put to use about 100 years ago, (around 1900) in this creek to pump water to a storage tank in Peter and Gunhild (Enestvedt) Kittelsland's round barn. The tank was located up in the hay mow so the water had enough height for the force of gravity to supply water to the house and other buildings. This meant raising the water about 100 feet or more with little or no expense to the family. The resourcefulness of these pioneer families was truly amazing.

2004

(Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

IRA Volunteers Honor Roll

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


Throughout this city the Republican Movement has marked the spots, with commemorative plaques where IRA Volunteers died on active service.

This stone is dedicated to those Volunteers who died in places where circumstances do not permit the erection of a commemorative plaque.

[Gaelic not transcribed due to stylized script]

(Man-Made Features • Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Motorman

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United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, County Londonderry, Derry-Londonderry


Free Derry ended at 4am on 30th July 1972 when thousands of British troops in tanks and armoured cars invaded the Bogside and Creggan 'no-go' areas. During Operation Motorman, they tore down the barricades with bulldozers. The Artists chose the image of a soldier battering down a door to express the sheer ferocity of the onslaught. With its contrasting light and shadow, the mural becomes a powerful statement against war.

Our work commemorates the real price paid by a naïve and innocent people for simple democratic rights.

(Civil Rights • Disasters • Patriots & Patriotism • Politics) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Malden Points of Interest

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Ontario, Essex County, Amherstburg

Fort Malden Points of Interest • Fort Malden Points d'intérêt

(1) Visitor Centre
1939
Centre d'accueil
1939

(2) Military Pensioner's Cottage
circa 1851 (Restoration)
Maison des pensionnés militaires
vers 1851 (bâtiment restauré)

(3)Earthworks
1813 & 1838-1840 (Remnants)
Remblais
1813 et 1838-1840 (vestiges)

(4) Brick Guardhouse
circa 1821 (Foundation Outline)
Poste de garde en brique
vers 1821 (empreinte des fondations)

(5) Museum
circa 1861
Musée
vers 1861

(6) No 1. Framed Barracks
1839 (Foundation Outline)
Caserne en bois numéro 1
1839 (empreinte des fondations)

(7) Brick Barrack
circa 1819 (Restoration)
Caserne en brique
vers 1819 (bâtiment restauré)

(8) Brick Cookhouse
circa 1820 (Foundation Outline)
Cuisine en brique
vers 1820 (empreinte des fondations)

(9) Cesspit
circa 1820's (Excavation)
Puisard
vers les années (excavation)

(10) Privies
1820 (Excavation)
Installations d'aisance
1820 (excavation)

(11) Ordnance Shed
circa 1820's (Remnants)
Remise à matériel militaire
vers les années 1820 (vestiges)

(12) Officers' Brick Barrack
1839 (Foundation Outline)
Caserne des officiers en brique
1839 (empreinte des fondations)

(13) Brick Officers' Guardroom and Staff Sergeants' Quarters
1839 (Foundation Outline)
Salle de garde des officiers et quartiers des sergents d'état-major en brique
1839 (empreinte des fondations)

(14) Bois Blanc Island Lighthouse National Historic Site
Lieu historique national du Canada du Phare-de-l'Île-Bois Blanc

(Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Enestvedt Marker

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Minnesota, Renville County, near Sacred Heart

This memorial to Ole O. and Anne Enestvedt and their children is near the location of the log and dugout home of these Norwegian immigrants. This pioneer family staked their homestead claim in the spring of 1867, shortly after the "Indian uprising". Ole and Anne raised the following 9 children on this farm still in the family name:

• O.O. Jr., farmer, historian, author and poet.
• Jorgine, Lutheran missionary and teacher, Teller, Alaska.
• Sophia, chiropractor in Sacred Heart, Minn. and Chicago, Ill.
• Christian, grocer, grain buyer and banker in Belview, Minn.
• Theodore, farmer, organizer of cooperatives, land bank director, civic and community leader.
• Anna, teacher, married G.H. Kravik, inventor and manufacturer of grinding wheels, Everett, Wash.
• Engebret, corn breeder, progressive political organizer and writer.
• John, farmer, chiropractor, athlete & mechanic.
• Louise, teacher, Eng. and Norwegian languages.

Blessed Be Their Memory
Dedicated by Their Heirs on the 100th Anniversary
1867 — 1967


(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Newgate Tavern

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Virginia, Fairfax County, Centreville
The Tavern
William Carr Lane established the Newgate Tavern ca. 1768 on what was then a main route to the west. In the early 1800s, the tavern (renamed the Eagle Tavern) had a hallway and four spacious rooms on the first floor and large chambers above. A cellar extended below the entire length of the tavern.
Activities
The tavern keepers offered lodging, dining, drinking, and entertainment. George Washington dined here several times while traveling. Accommodations were advertised in newspapers when local events attracted crowds of visitors, such as for religious revival meetings and horse races sponsored by the Centreville Jockey Club. Balls were held at the tavern “with the best music that can be had” to attract customers.
Auctions
Business transactions were conducted at the tavern, including the auctioning of land and slaves. In 1848, commissioners held an auction of “several valuable slaves of both sexes” before the front door of the tavern.
Tavern Rates
The county court regulated the allowable rates that could be charged at taverns. In 1816, a tavern keeper could charge 25 cents for one night’s lodging on clean sheets, 75 cents for a warm dinner with cider, and 75 cents for a quart of peach brandy.


(African Americans • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Cotton Kingdom

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Alabama, Lawrence County, Courtland

Side A
A combination of rich soil, mild climate and ready access to market via river and later railroad made Courtland an early center of cotton production. From surrounding plantations with colorful names like Bonnie Doone, Oak Grove, Rocky Hill, Albemarle, Hard Bargain, Pond Spring, Dixie, Summerwood, Egypt, Flower Hill and Ingleside thousands of bales were annually shipped to Memphis and New Orleans during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Though production methods have changed, cotton is still an important part of the local economy. The value of cotton to the economy of Lawrence County exceeded $81 million in 1992. (OVER)

Side B
Several cotton gins once operated in and around Courtland. The present Servico gin a mile north of town was formed in 1973 through the merger of two older gins once located near the town square--Service Gin and Company Gin. One of the largest gins in the Southeast, Servico can process 35 bales of cotton per hour (one bale weighs 500 pounds). The gin serves farmers from three states. Cotton growers from throughout the world, including China, Russia, Australia, Indian and Africa have toured its modern facilities. (OVER)

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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