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Potholes

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Wyoming, Teton County, Moran

Curious depressions known as “Potholes,” dimple the glacial outwash plain here. Some 15,000 years ago, sediment carried by glacial meltwater buried huge blocks of ice that calved off retreating glaciers. As the ice melted, the ground sank leaving depressions behind known locally as ‘potholes,’ but known more commonly as ‘kettles.’

Kettles are bowl-shaped and range in size from 15 feet to ¼ mile in diameter. These depressions begin as steep-sided features but wind and water smooth the edges and deposit sediment in the bottom.

Trees take root in some kettles creating forest islands, while water pools in other kettles forming tiny wetland communities. On the semi-arid outwash plain, these islands provide food and shelter for a variety of wildlife.

Kettles are fragile, isolated ecosystems under constant stress from human impacts. Essentially fossil icebergs, the Potholes here relate to kettles found in other glaciated regions of North America providing insight into our changing environment.

A short ¼ mile trail leads around the forested Potholes nearby.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Moral of War

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New York, Auburn

[left] The Moral of War
In War: Resolution
In Defeat: Definace
In Victory: Magnanimity
In Peace: Goodwill
Winston Spencer Churchill
————————
This memorial is dedicated as a perpetual reminder of the 267 men from Cayuga County, New York who died in service to their country during World War II, and to those who offered their lives during time of war.
These men, wherever and wherever they fell died to safeguard the destiny of man.
We the living accept the sacret trust of their final hours, their last thoughts, their common dream of safety and welfare for America.
They were strong enough, brave enough and willing to fight to the death for our freedom.
We pay tribute to the "Greatest Generation" that served our nation in time of war.
We will never forget."

[2nd left] American Campaign
Army Air Force
Army

[3rd left] Marines
Navy
Canadian Air Force
Government

[center] Iwo Jima, Mount Suribachi, February 23, 1945
Landing on Omaha Beach, June 6, 1944, Normandy, France

[3rd right] Asiatic-Pacific Campaign
Army Air Force
Army

[2nd right] Marines

[1st right] Navy

[rear 1st left] European-African Middle Eastern Theatre
Army

[rear center] Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, December 7, 1941, A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY. We resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain.

[rear 2nd right] Army Air Force
[rear 1st right] Navy
Merchant Marine
Canadian Air Force
We honor these twentieth century Americans who took up the struggle during the Second World War and made the sacrifices to perpetuate the gift our forefathers entrusted to us as a nation conceived in liberty and justice.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Donald R. Bernard

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Massachusetts, Bristol County, Fairhaven
In Memory of
Historian, Author, and Fire Chief
Donald R. Bernard
1932 - 1993


Who led Revolutionary and
Civil War Re-enactments on
this site. His efforts brought
awareness of the significant
role the area has played since
the birth of our nation.
Dedicated on December 11th 1993
By a grateful people of the community.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Young, Restless, and Still Rising

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Wyoming, Teton County, Moran

Imagine the Teton Range and the valley in front of you like two parts of a giant hinge. The Earth’s crust stretches and breaks into two blocks along the 40-mile-long Teton fault. Fractures generate large earthquakes along the fault. The western block hinges up and becomes the Teton Range.

The eastern block tilts down and forms the valley. As the mountain rise, wind, water, and ice wear down the jagged skyline and erode away sandstone and limestone layers except for small outcrops. The landscape continues to change. Geoscientists predict future earthquakes up to a 7.5 magnitude.

Old Rocks, New Range
The Teton Range is composed of some of the oldest rocks on Earth, but the mountain range is one of the youngest in North America. The stretching-cracking-tilting that formed the Tetons began only nine million years ago. In contrast, geologic forces squeezed the Earth’s crust and thrust up the Rockies over 70 million years ago.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kansas City Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fountain

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Missouri, Kansas City

Water, like time, has the power to cleanse and heal. This memorial fountain stands as a symbol of that healing, from the devastating division caused by the Vietnam War. The fountain's pools represent the country's growing involvement in the war, culminating in two pools symbolic of the divided opinions at the time.

Americans took distinct and differing stands on the war, and caught in the middle were the thousands of men and women from the Kansas City area who served in Vietnam, hundreds of whom were killed or are missing and unaccounted for. This memorial is to honor them, and bring us all together in tribute to their dedication and bravery.

The park is for all of Kansas City to enjoy, and to remember. For only by remembering can we assure that it never happens again.

(Man-Made Features • Patriots & Patriotism • War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Kendrick Square

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Louisiana, Saint Helena Parish, Greensburg
St. Helena Parish seat moved here 1832. Land for Court House Square donated by William Kendrick 1837. Present building completed 1938 replacing brick structure built 1855. Designated William Kendrick Square 1976 by Police Jury.

(Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Revolutionary War Memorial

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Louisiana, Saint Helena Parish, Greensburg
Erected to the memory of those Revolutionary War Patriots who not only helped to win freedom for our Country but also helped to carve a civilization within St. Helena Parish.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cabahanoce Plantation

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Louisiana, Saint James Parish, St. James
House claimed by the river was
home of André Bienvenu Roman
(1831-35 and 1839-43)
Governor of Louisiana
(1845 and 1852)
Member of Constitutional Convention
(1861)
Member of Secession Convention
Member of Peace Commission to
Washington, D.C. for Confederacy

(Politics • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Teton Fault

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Wyoming, Teton County, Moran

Looking west toward Mount St. John, notice the steep slope or fault scarp near the base of the peak. This steep slope formed as several massive earthquakes broke the ground by more than 75 feet since the ice-aged glaciers last retreated 14,000 years ago. The Teton fault began moving roughly nine million years ago generating earthquakes that shook the landscape.

Each earthquake, up to a magnitude 7.5, lifted the mountain block one part for every three to four parts that the valley block dropped building the range one step at a time. Future earthquakes will continue to shape this landscape but the geoscientists cannot predict when this will happen.

An earthquake occurs when two blocks of the Earth’s crust slip past one another along a crack called a fault. During larger earthquakes, the fault breaks the Earth’s surface forming a vertical escarpment or scarp providing lasting evidence that an earthquake occurred. With time, erosion degrades the scarp leaving behind a more gentle slope.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Macedonia Baptist Church

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Louisiana, Livingston Parish, Holden
Organized in 1856. Existing building constructed in 1898. Oldest Baptist church building in Livingston Parish. Drinking water furnished by ground water spring. Surrounding area settled by Anglo-Saxon Protestants in 1800's.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Cathedral Group

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Wyoming, Teton County, Moran

These peaks have been called the Cathedral Group . . . more evident here than in many of the great cathedrals of men is the gothic note. It is seen in the profiles of the countless firs and spruces congregated like worshippers on the lower slopes; it reappears higher in the converging lines of spire rising beyond spire; it attains supreme expression in the figures of the peaks themselves that, towering above all else, with pointed summits direct one’s vision and thoughts yet higher.”Fritiof Fryxell
Fritiof Fryxell served as Grand Teton National Park’s first park naturalist. As geologist, teacher, and mountaineer, he developed public education programs, trail maps, and safety rules for climbers. Fryxell’s publications stand as classics of explanation and eloquence.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The "Fourth Dolphin"

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Missouri, Jackson County, Kansas City

The sculptures of the J.C. Nichols Memorial Fountain were originally created by French sculptor Henri Leon Greber in 1910 for a fountain in the formal garden at Harbor Hill, the Long Island, New York estate of Clarence and Katherine Mackay.

During the Great Depression, the Mackay fortune was lost. The art collection was later sold off and the grand estate was eventually demolished and redeveloped.

In 1947, the Singer family of Greenvale, New York purchased one of the fountain's smaller sculptures of children playing on a fish (conventionally called a "dolphin"). They kept it as a family treasure for over 60 years, never knowing what became of the remaining sculptures.

The Singer family discovered their sculpture's relationship to Kansas City's popular J. C. Nichols Memorial Fountain through the internet in 2008. The original "Fourth Dolphin" was purchased by the City, and rejoined the other sculptures during a major fountain renovation in 2015.

Miller Nichols and the Nichols family purchased the other sculptures in 1959, to create a memorial fountain in honor of his father, Jesse Clyde Nichols. He hired artist Herman Frederick Simon to recreate a similar piece to fill in for the missing "Fourth Dolphin" and other missing parts.

This sculpture is the replica "Fourth Dolphin" which held a place in the fountain from 1960 to 2014 and remains a valued piece in Kansas City's art collection.

Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Siege Cannon

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta

The Union Army used this cannon during the American Civil War, which was fought between 1861 and 1865. Called a siege cannon, it was too big and heavy to be used in most battles. Instead, it was used during sieges, which were lengthy assaults used to capture fortified cities or seaports.

This particular type of siege cannon is called a Parrott Rifle. It was invented in 1860 by a former U.S. Army captain named Robert Parker Parrott, who designed a series of spiral grooves, called riffling, inside the iron barrel, or bore. The riffling made the cannon fire much farther and more accurately than previous bronze cannons that had smooth bores. As a result, this rifled barrel could hit a target almost two miles away. This is one reason more people were killed in the Civil War than in any other war in American history.

Rifled cannons used different types of projectiles: solid shot cannon balls for knocking down brick walls and fortifications; shells with time fuses for making explosions; or case shot, which contained dozens of small iron balls. These balls flew through the air like bullets, killing any soldier in their path.

Today, our Parrot Rifle rests on a modern steel stand so it can be displayed safely. Originally, it would have been on a wooden carriage with wheels, which allowed soldiers with eight horses to move the cannon where it was needed. The wheels also absorbed the shock when the cannon was fired.

4.2-inch (30-pounder) Army Parrott Rifle, Model of 1861
Manufacturer: West Point Foundry, Cold Springs, New York
Date of manufacture: 1862
Materials: Cast iron with wrought iron breech band
Range: Approximately 2,500 yards

The Union Army used these guns in the sieges of Savannah, Charleston, Vicksburg, Mobile, Richmond, Petersburg, and many other places. It is not known where this particular gun was used.

(caption)
Gun Crews of Company H, 3rd Massachusetts Heavy Artillery at Fort Lincoln - Defenses of Washington, District of Columbia, 1865

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Memphis's Civil War Sites

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Tennessee, Shelby County, Arlington

In April 1862, Union victories at Shiloh and on the Mississippi River made Confederate control of the river in Tennessee more difficult. Southern soldiers evacuated posts that they could not defend easily, such as Memphis. Capt. James E. Montgomery remained with eight gunboat-rams to protect the city. Shortly before dawn on June 6, Federal Capt. Charles H. Davis's ironclad gunboat flotilla and Col. Charles Ellet's Ram Fleet steamed downriver to attack them. Memphis civilians lined the bluffs to watch the battle.

At first, the gunboats shelled each other ineffectually. The USS rams Queen of the West and Monarch then rammed and disabled CSA General Lovell and General Price, respectively, and the engagement became one-sided. The battle ended at mid-morning with all but one of Montgomery's vessels destroyed or captured. Hundreds of Confederate sailors were killed or taken prisoner. Ellet was the only Union fatality, dying of his wound two weeks later. The mayor of Memphis surrendered the city to Ellet's son, Medical Cadet Charles R. Ellet, and two marines.

The Tennessee Wars Commission helps preserve and promote battlefields, sites, and buildings. www.tdec.net/hist/TnWarsCom.shtml

The Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area is a federal, state, and local partnership managed by the Center for Historic Preservation at Middle Tennessee State University.

www.go-tennesse.com/
Tennesse-Civil-War-National-Heritage-Area

(sidebar)
The side-wheel steamboat Sultana was photographed in Helena, Ark., on April 26, 1865, en route upstream from Vicksburg, Miss. Carrying almost 2,500 persons, mostly newly released Union prisoners of war, the vessel was vastly overloaded. At 2 A.M. on April 27, about 8 miles north of Memphis, a boiler exploded and the Sultana burned and sank. An estimated 1,800 people died in the largest maritime disaster in American history.

Sultana - Courtesy Library of Congress

(caption)
Ellet approaching Memphis to demand surrender, Harper's Weekly, June 28, 1862

(map legend)
1. Mississippi River Museum at Mud Island River Park
2. Confederate Park
3. Forrest Park
4. Hunt-Phelan House
5. Elmwood Cemetery
6. Fort Pickering Site at Chickasaw Heritage Park

Memphis - Home of the Blues - Birthplace of Rock'n'Roll
For more detailed visitor information ask for assistance inside the Visitor Center.

(War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Aleman Court

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Missouri, Jackson County, Kansas City

Named in honor
of
President Miguel Aleman
Mexico
who visited this spot
May 7, 1947
during his historic
American visit

Country Club Plaza

(Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features • Peace • Politics) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Landing At Westport

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Missouri, Jackson County, Kansas City

[Title is text]

[Sidewheel paddleboat Martha relief]

(Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Home of the Kansas City Country Club

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Missouri, Jackson County, Kansas City

In 1896, two years after introducing golf to Kansas City at the Kenwood Golf Links east of Gilham and south of 36th Street, devotees of the game sought larger space here, at Seth Ward's east pasture. A $1-a-year lease was signed, and a nine-hole course was built by the members of the newly-formed Kansas City Country Club. The first clubhouse burned in April, 1897, but was replaced in three months. Nine more holes were added in additional space, opening on July 4, 1899.

(Man-Made Features • Sports) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Munfordville: Day 1

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Kentucky, Hart County, near Munfordville


An “unauthorized and injudicious” attack ...

General James R. Chalmers was sent by General Bragg as a vanguard to Cave City. There, Chalmers learned from Col. John Scott of a weak Union garrison at Munfordville. Eager for glory—and without orders—Chalmers began a two-pronged attack against the Union fort, stockade and entrenchments.

By the end of the first day, his dead would have to be buried with shovels borrowed from the enemy. An irate General Bragg called it an “unauthorized and injudicious” attack, and moved the entire Army of the Mississippi to Munfordville to finish the job Chalmers began.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 13 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Replica of the Statue of Liberty

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Missouri, Jackson County, Kansas City

With the faith and courage of
their forefathers who made
possible the freedom of these
United States

The Boy Scouts of America

dedicate this replica of the
Statue of Liberty as a pledge
of everlasting fidelity and
loyalty

40th Anniversary Crusade to
strengthen the arm of liberty

(Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Rowletts Station

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Kentucky, Hart County, near Munfordville
Four hundred yards west of this site, December 17, 1861, Colonel B.F. Terry, 8th Texas Cavalry, CSA, was killed. He was leading his Rangers in a charge against troops, formed in a hollow square, of the 32nd Indiana Volunteers under the command of Colonel August Willich.

Presented by Texas Division,
Sons of Confederate Veterans


(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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