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Lower Choctaw Boundary

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Mississippi, Hinds County, near Utica

(Left Panel)
Lower Choctaw Boundary
     The line of trees to your left has been a boundary for 200 years. It was established in 1765 and marked the eastern limits of the Old Natchez District. This boundary ran from a point 12 miles east of Vicksburg southward to the 31st parallel.
     First surveyed in 1778, it was reaffirmed by Spain in 1793, and by the United States in 1801.
     Since 1820, it has served as the boundary between Hinds and Claiborne Counties, Mississippi.

(Right Panel)
Red Bluff Stand
     “John Gregg at the lower Choctaw Line respectfully informs the public, and travellers particularly, that he keeps constantly on hand a large and general supply of GROCERIES, ground Coffee ready to put up, Sugar, Biscuit, Cheese, Dried Beef, or Bacon, and every other article necessary for the accommodation of travellers going through the nation, on very reasonable terms. He is also, prepared to shoe horses on the shortest notice.”
     Established in 1802, this hostelry on the Indian boundary was for several years the last place a northbound traveler could get provisions.

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce • Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sunken Trace

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Mississippi, Claiborne County, near Port Gibson
Preserved here is a portion of the deeply eroded or “sunken” Old Trace. Hardships of journeying on the Old Trace included heat, mosquitoes, poor food, hard beds (if any), disease, swollen rivers, and sucking swamps.
     Take 5 minutes to walk this sunken trail and let your imagination carry you back to the early 1800's when people walking 500 miles had to put up with these discomforts and where a broken leg or arm could spell death for the lone traveler.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of the First Successful Iron Works in the Old Colony

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Massachusetts, Bristol County, Raynham
Built by James Leonard Originally owned by twenty-three of Taunton's first settlers Operated 1777 to 1876 by Hon. Josiah Dean and his descendants as sole owners Erected 1950 by Bertha Dean Adelaide Lord Livingstone Daughter and Granddaughter of the last owner Theodore Dean

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eastland Presbyterian Church

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Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis
Sunday school held in a schoolhouse led to the formation of Eastland Presbyterian Church November 11, 1906 with Dr. W.H. Gragg, Sr., E.H. Porter and Captain T.H. Savage, Elders. Dr. Gragg secured the lumber for the original frame building from the American Car and Foundry Company. In 1935 architect George Awsumb redesigned the church into a more modern brick structure.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oakville Missionary Baptist Church

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Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis

Front
Founded in 1871 and organized in 1872, this church is among Shelby County's oldest active African American congregations. Originally known as "Oakville Colored Church", it was organized by former slaves and their families and flourished during the Reconstruction period after the Civil War. Founder Rev. Rubin Reed was assisted by Reverends Morris Henderson, Dennis Morgan, Alfort Cohen, who furnished the later name (Oakville Baptist), Mose Henderson and Ben Love. The church thereafter was named in church records as the Oakville Missionary Baptist Church, but this name was never formally recorded as such in the county records. The property for the church was donated by the Edward LeMaster family with the understanding that it would always be used for a church or school.

Back
Most of the church history was recorded from the 1st administration in 1872 to the 17th administration in 1923, but little is known between 1924-1938. In 1938 Rev. Henry J. Thompson was elected pastor and served until 1980. Early in his tenure services were held in an old frame building, which served as a school during the week and a place of worship on Sundays. Membership grew under Reverend Thompson's leadership and, continuing with his successor Rev. Richmond Savage, several additions and renovations were made expanding it to the edifice seen today. On this same property is the church graveyard, which includes markers of deceased members whose births pre-date the Emancipation Proclamation.

(African Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Where Wagons Rolled / Wieduwilt Swales

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Missouri, Jackson County, Kansas City

Thousands of wagon wheels, animal hooves, and human feet once passed this way – creating the deep depression in front of you. The swale, now worn by erosion, is grassed-over evidence of three trails once connecting frontier Missouri to distant lands. In the mid-1800s, caravans moving through here hauled freight between Missouri and Santa Fe. Overland emigrants followed, headed for Oregon’s farmlands or California’s gold fields.


This swale, evidence of past trail use, is one of the few known in the greater Kansas City area.


During some years, wet and muddy conditions on the trails led to frustrating delays, yet memorable experiences.

“Amid the fiercest storm I have yet witnessed on the trip, I encamped last night with a party of ‘our folks’ and though I was literally soaked through when I arose in the morning from my grassy couch, I never slept more profoundly, nor experience healthier feeling. Favored with pleasanter weather, we continued, after breakfast, our ride to the plains.”
George L. Curry, May 1846, writing near this site.

“The first day we got but 3 miles from town with half our wagons the other half we left mired in devious & sundry mudholes stung along for a mile behind. On Sunday morning we started and got on pretty well until dare overtook us at Mr. Barne’s place 8 miles from town where we encamped and place our animals all in his pasture. It commenced pouring down rain soon after dark and the next morning the roads were so slippery & muddy that we could not stir about 12 oclk …”
William H. Glasgow, June 1846, writing near the site.

Kesse Barnes mentioned by William H. Glasgow, owned a large amount of land, part of which is preserved today for public enjoyment and education at Cave Spring 1.8 miles northeast of this location.


(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ford Rouge Plant

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Michigan, Wayne County, Dearborn
Henry Ford began construction of this complex on the banks of the River Rouge in April, 1917. Here, the Ford Motor Company built World War I submarine chasers known as "Eagle" boats. By the mid-1920s this plant was the largest manufacturing center in the world. The transfer of the assembly line from nearby Highland Park to Dearborn in 1927 fulfilled Ford's vision of an industrial complex which encompassed all aspects of automotive production. The first automobile to be completely assembled here, the Model A, was introduced in December, 1927. The Ford Trade School operated at this location for twenty years until 1946. During World War II, massive amounts of materiel for air, amphibious, and land transport were produced. Beginning with raw materials, the Ford Rouge plant makes component parts and assembles vehicles.

(Industry & Commerce • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eroding Landmark

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Nebraska, Scotts Bluff County, Gering

You are now standing on the summit of Scotts Bluff, but each year a little more of it erodes away. In 1933 the top of the metal survey post in front of you was level with the rock surface. In just a few decades, a considerable volume of sandstone has been removed.

One by one, the grains of sand that make up this sedimentary rock break off, then blow or wash away. Given time, the persistent action of rain, ice, and wind will reduce Scotts Bluff to the level of the surrounding flatlands.

Human footsteps greatly accelerate the erosion of the soft sandstone formations. Please help to preserve Scotts Bluff for future generations by remaining on the hard-surfaced paths.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Chimney Rock Cemetery

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Nebraska, Morrill County, Bayard
During the Westward
migration through this pass many died
as they looked for a better life.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mary Murray Murdoch

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Nebraska, Morrill County, Bayard
Member
Mormon Martin Handcart Company
Mary Murray Murdoch
“Wee Granny”
Born Scotland Oct. 13, 1782
Died near Chimney Rock, Neb. Oct. 2, 1856
“Tell John I died with my face toward Zion.”

Dedicated by the Murdoch Family
June 24, 1001

Back of Marker : >
Husband – James Murdoch
Children: Janet, Mary, James, Veronica,
Mary, John, Margaret, and William

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

School District 55

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Nebraska, Garden County, Lewellen

Residents of the district built this stone schoolhouse in the summer of 1903.

Rock quarried from the nearby hillsides was hauled in and laid in lime and sand mortar. A nearby rancher donated the quarried lintels above the doors and windows.

This building replaced an older sod schoolhouse located east of Windlass Hill.

From five and twelve students attended this school in the years from its constructions until 1919.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Founding of the First Capital of Guatemala

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Guatemala, Sacatepéquez, Ciudad Vieja

La Sociedad de Geografia e Historia rememora hoy la fundacion de la primera capital del Reino de Guatemala por Don Jorge de Alvarado en este valle el dia 22 de Noviembre de 1527

XI XXII MCMXXVII

English translation
The Geography and History Society remembers today the founding of the first capital of the Kingdom of Guatemala by Jorge de Alvarado in this valley on November 22 of 1527

XI XXII MCMXXVII (November 22, 1927)

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

11th Michigan Infantry

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Georgia, Catoosa County, Fort Oglethorpe
Eleventh Michigan
Infantry
11 a.m. September 20, 1863
Participated in Capture
of General D. W. Adams


(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mangum Mound

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Mississippi, Claiborne County, near Port Gibson
Excavation of this site tells us much about the people of the late prehistoric periods. The Plaquemine culture included the ancestors of the modern tribes of Mississippi and Louisiana. It was a society with elaborate agriculturally oriented religious ceremonies. From the burials on the mound we have learned that there was a high infant mortality and that upon the death of a chief, a brutal ritual was enacted in which his retainers were slain and buried with him.

(Man-Made Features • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Trading Post

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Nebraska, Garden County, Lewellen

      In 1854, the Federal Government hired contractors to carry the mail over the old trail to Salt Lake City and onto California. They built a mail station at Ash Hollow.

      Most of these mail stations became trading posts, carrying a small stock of food, liquor and hardware for sale to passing emigrants.

      In April of 1855, Little Thunder’s band of Brule Sioux raided and burned this station. Materials recovered from this site by archeologists tends to confirm that it was the mail station. These items are on display at park headquarters.

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Owens Creek

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Mississippi, Claiborne County, near Port Gibson
The sounds of a busy woodland stream and the quiet murmur of a lazy waterfall have long been stilled here. Only after a heavy rainfall does water fill the stream and set the waterfall singing.
     Over the years the water table has dropped several feet, and the spring which feeds Owens Creek has all but disappeared.
     Little remains of a scene was familiar to early residents of the Rocky Springs community.

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

44th Indiana Infantry

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Georgia, Catoosa County, Fort Oglethorpe
Indiana.
Forty-Fourth Regiment Infantry.
(Aldrich)
Second Brigade. (Dick)
Third Division. (Vancleve)
Twenty-First Corps. (Crittenden)
Sunday, September 20th, 1863, 10 A.M.
to 11 A.M.


(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Old Sentry

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Florida, Bay County, Panama City
This Heritage Oak Tree
is estimated to be over
250 years old

It was standing during
The War Between the
States as if a Sentry
standing guard over
Old St Andrews Bay

(Horticulture & Forestry • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wartime Allatoona

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Georgia, Bartow County, Allatoona

In 1866, George N. Bernard photographed Allatoona looking north from approximately the same location is this marker. The Western & Atlantic Railroad from Atlanta to Chattanooga penetrated the Allatoona Mountain range at this point through a 175 foot deep cut. Allatoona, a small community alongside the rail, was intersected by several imported wagon roads.

The plantation residents photographed on the far left is the John Clayton (now Mooney) house. This privately owned structure looks much the same today as in the Bernard photograph. Pictured immediately left of the railroad tracks stood the Allatoona train depot. Across the tracks were the warehouses and sheds in which large quantities of Federal supplies were stored at the time of the battle. Built to defend the railroad below, the Star Ford is visible atop the hill on the left. The Tennessee wagon road winds northward up and over the hill to right. The frame house once standing on top of the right hill was used as headquarters for the 4th Minnesota Infantry Regiment garrisoned at Allatoona. During construction of the defenses, Union forces removed trees on both hill to provide a clear field of fire. Over time, heavy forest growth reclaimed most of the battlefield.

(sidebar)
Images of War and Life
Advances in photography shortly before the beginning of America´s War Between the States provided the public with images of battles, heroism, and death such as they had never seen before. Photographers like George Barnard, Mathew Brady, Alexander Gardner, Timothy O´ Sullivan, and George Cook worked to document the epic battles along the along with the everyday lives of both Northerners and Southerners.

George Bernard´s famous photographs the Allatoona are the result of his role as an official photographer of the U.S. Army. Others work independently or for the various newspapers and magazines. Newspapers and magazines of that day did not yet possess the technology required for printing photographs; therefore, engravers created images from photographs and sketches. Artist, such as Alford and William Ward, Thomas Nast, and Edwin Forbes provided "Harper´s Weekly," "Harper´s New Monthly Magazine," "Frank Leslie´s Illustrated Newspaper," and "The London Illustrated News" with war images for their subscribers.

(Railroads & Streetcars • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Welcome to Allatoona Pass Battlefield

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Georgia, Bartow County, Allatoona

The Georgia State Parks and Historic Sites, Redtop Mountain State Park, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Friends of Georgia State Parks and Historic Sites, and the Etowah Valley Historic Society welcome you to Allatoona Pass Battlefield. We hope you enjoy your visit and come back many times! This area requires a parking fee.

Much of the information provided on our battlefield trail interpretive signs comes directly from William R. Scaife's "Allatoona Pass: A Needless Effusion of Blood." This book remains one of the definitive works on this battle. We found Scaife's exhaustive research, descriptions, and interpretations of the battle fought among these hill to be invaluable. Mr. Scaife's grandfather was Dr. William Lovejoy Scaife, who served with General French's Division at the Battle of Allatoona as Regimental Surgeon for the 9th Texas Infantry Regiment.

During your visit please help us protect our historic resource by obeying the following:
1. Do not walk or climb on the earthworks or trenches.
2. Keep all pets on a leash.
3. Metal detectors are not allowed on any federal or state property. Do not remove any artifacts from this battlefield.
4. Motorized vehicles and horses are not allowed on the trail or in the pass.
5. Bicycles are allowed on the railroad bed only.
6. No camping or campfires
7. Area closed to public at dark
8. Do not litter- carry out what you carry in.
9. Report any damage to this historic resource at Red Top Mountain State Park.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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