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Lincoln Park Post Office

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Michigan, Wayne County, Lincoln Park
The 1938 Lincoln Park Post Office was the first non-branch post office in this Detroit suburb. Erected by the United States Treasury Department, the building marked Lincoln Park's coming of age as a city with a large enough population to warrant its own independent facility. Architect Louis A. Simon designed the classicist building, which is typical of Depression era architecture. The building's interior was lavishly decorated with special materials including several types of marble, birch paneling, and maple flooring. Although sparse in detail, three carved stone panels above the main entrance symbolize the modes of transportation by which mail was delivered at the time: by surface, by air, and by water.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pomeranian Settlement

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Wisconsin, Marathon County, Naugart
In the 1850s, in the midst of Wisconsin's lumber boom, a large group of Germans helped settle Marathon Lincoln Counties. This unique group hailed from Pomerania, a former Prussian province in present-day northern Germany and Poland. Immigration continued for the next several decades, but the largest movement occurred in the 1860s. These settlers from Germany brought with them a strong work ethic and firm religious convictions. They were farmers, lumberjacks, craftsmen and entrepreneurs. Pomeranians spoke Platt Deutsch, also known as Low German, and established several Lutheran churches. Members of today's Pommerscher Verein (Pomeranian Society) of Central Wisconsin work to preserve the language and traditions that helped shape the culture of this region. This marker is a tribute to those immigrants who made central Wisconsin the place it is today.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

To Purple Heart Recipients

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South Carolina, Beaufort County, Parris Island
Military Order of
The Purple Heart
1782 • 1932

How can Man die better
than facing fearful odds
for the Ashes of his Fathers
and the temples of his Gods

(Military) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle of Peachtree Creek

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta

The battle of Peachtree Creek was the first of three desperate Confederate attacks on the armies commanded by Maj. General Wm. T. Sherman which were closing in on Atlanta. Although heavy skirmishing occurred between the Federal right and the Confederate left, which extended west to Moore´s Mill Road, and other forces were engaged east of Atlanta, the actual battle was fought along a two - mile front extending from Clear Creek (east of Brookwood Hills) to Howell Mill Road along Collier and Northfleet raods, one of the most costly here along Tanyard Branch at Collier Mill. After 70 days of slow retreat Dalton (88 miles N), forcing the enemy to fight for every mile, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston´s Confederate Army of Tennessee (Hardee´s, Hood´s and Stewart´s corp. and Wheeler´s cavalry corps) crossed the Chattahoochee River at Bolton late on July 9th and retires toward Atlanta. Although Atlanta was encircled by 12 miles of forts and parapets which Sherman termed "unassailable", Johnston was not ready to use them. He watched closely for the time when Sherman´s stronger forces would cross upriver to approach Atlanta beyond mutual support. Now he sensed that Sherman left wing would cross upriver to approach Atlanta from the east while his right wing crossed near Peachtree Creek. While they were miles apart, he planned to attack the exposed right wing.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Federal Forces Engaged/The Confederate Forces Engaged

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta
The Federal Forces Engaged
(Sherman’s right wing)
The Army of the Cumberland Maj. Gen. George H. Thomas
Fourth Corps*
2nd Division Brig. Gen. John Newton
(Kimball’s, Blake’s and Bradley’s brigades)
Fourteenth Corps**
1st Division
1st Brigade Col. Anson G. McCook
Twentieth Corps Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker
1st Division Brig. Gen. A.S. Williams
(Knipe’s, Ruger’s and Roberson’s brigades)
2nd Division Brig. Gen. John W. Geary
(Candy’s, Jones’ and Ireland’s brigades)
3rd Division Brig. Gen. Wm. T. Ward
(Harrison’s, Coburn’s and Wood’s brigades)
Estimated strength of troops actually engaged: 21,153
Actual losses (killed, wounded and missing): 1,779
*Less 1st and 3rd divisions. **One brigade only.

The Confederate Forces Engaged
(Hardee’s and Stewart’s corps)
The Army of Tennessee Gen. John B. Hood
Hardee’s Corps Lieut. Gen. Wm. J. Hardee
Maney’s Division* Brig. Gen. George Maney
(Maney’s, Wright’s, Strah’s and Vaughan’s brigades)
Walker’s Division Maj. Gen. Wm. H. T. Walker
(Mercer’s, Gist’s and Steven’s brigades)
Bate’s Division Maj. Gen. Wm. B. Bate
(Tyler’s, Lewis’ and Finley’s brigades)
Stewart’s Corps Lieut. Gen. Alex. P. Stewart
Loring’s Division Maj. Gen. Wm. W. Loring
(Featherson’s and Scott’s brigades)
Walthall’s Division Maj. Gen. Edward C. Walthall
(Cantey’s and Reynolds’ brigades)
Estimated strength of troops actually engaged: 18,455
Estimated losses (killed, wounded and missing): 4,796
*Actually Cheatham’s. Maj. Gen. B. F. Cheatham was in temporary
command of Hood’s Corps, east of Atlanta

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Federal Advance

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta

After noon on July 9th, Schofield´s Army of the Ohio (23rd Corps) had forced Johnston to cross the Chattahoochee River that night by a surprise crossing up river at Soap Creek. On the 12th, Howard´s 4th Corps of Thomas´ Army of the Cumberland (4th, 14th and 20th Corps) crossed Power´s Ferry on Schofield´s right. As Johnston had foreseen, McPherson´s Army of the Tennessee (15th, 16th and 17th Corps) moved upriver to Roswell and began crossing while Palmer´s 14th Corps and Hooker´s 20th Corps prepared to cross at Pace´s Ferry. On the 17th, Palmer crossed and moved toward Peachtree Creek and McPherson moved toward Decatur. On the 18th, Schofield, accompanied by Sherman, moved toward Decatur to connect with McPherson; Howard moved to Buckhead; Palmer reached Peachtree Creek; and Hooker crossed the river and camped along West Pace´s Ferry Road. By nightfall, Sherman´s unsupported right wing occupied a line facing Peachtree Creek extending from Buckhead to the river. So far, the advance had been harassed by Wheeler´s cavalry alone. It had met no enemy infantry. On the 18th, Wood´s division of Howard´s corps moved down Peachtree Road to the creek and captured the bridge. Hooker advanced to the creek, placed his artillery on the hills, and crossed the infantry of Geary´s division on an improvised footbridge at Northside Drive. Geary drove back the enemy´s skirmishers, occupied the hills by the creek and built two wagon bridges for the artillery and trains. Ward´s division was sent to Peachtree Road to cross next day and move up on Geary´s left. On the 20th, Geary moved to Collier Road and took position with Candy´s brigade on the left, near Tanyard Branch, Jones´ on his right extending to Northside Drive, and Ireland´s massed behind Jones´. Candy´s left overlooked this site. Bundy´s and Sloan´s batteries were placed on Candy´s line to sweep the open ground to the left front. The 33rd N.J. Infantry was advanced to picket the ridge between Greystone and Colland Drives. William´s division crossed the creek and formed on the ridge along Northfleet Road with a deep ravine covering his front, Knip´s brigade, on the rightextended to Howell Mill Road, with Ruger´s behind it in reserve and Roberson´s extending east across Northside Drive, behind Geary´s right. On Howell Mill Road, Anson G. McCook´s brigade, the left of Palmer´s corps, entrenched near Ruger. Ward´s division crossed at Peachtree Road and moved southeast over broken ground, leaving two batteries at the bridge.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Federal Advance, Cont./The Change of Command

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta
The Federal Advance, Cont.
It finally reached the golf course area and deployed with Wood´s brigade on the left, Coburn´s in the center and Harrison´s on the right. Earlier, Newton´s division of Howard´s corps had crossed the creek and advanced on Peachtree Road to the high ground north of Collier Road. Newton deployed Kimball´s brigade west of the road, extending through the hospital site, and Blake´s extending east along Brighton Road. Bradley´s remained in reserve on the road near the railroad bridge. Four guns of Goodspeen´s battery were emplaced on the road. Although a gap existed between Newton´s right and Geary´s left, Ward was moving to fill it. Despite Johnston´s planning, the Federal right wing had crossed Peachtree Creek without being attacked; but, unsuspected by Sherman, who was near the Emory campus, the Battle of Peachtree Creek was about to begin.

The Change of Command
By the 17th, Johnston´s engineers had staked out a strong outer line, overlooking the valley of Peachtree Creek, from which he could launch his attack on Thomas´ troops while they crossed the creek, unready to fight. With Thomas shattered, he could attack McPherson with his whole army. If not successful, his army "had a near and secure place of refuge in Atlanta, which he could hold forever and so win the campaign." He announced his intention to the troops and began moving them into positions on the outer line, which ran east from Crestlawn Cemetery through the E. P. Howell School site, over Loring Heights, across Peachtree Street, uphill past the TV station, and on beyond Sherwood Forest to Highland Avenue, where it turned south to the GA RR. Hood´s corps was sent to the latter line to face McPherson. Hardee´s corps was posted with its right covering Loring Heights, its left connecting with Stewart´s corps. at Howell Mill Road. Stewart´s left extended to Marietta Road. But Johnston was not destined to fight his battle. That night, he was relieved and Gen. John B. Hood replaced him Since the army loved "Old Joe" Johnston and knew Hood to be rash and to lack experience in high command, morale suffered severely. At Hood´s request Johnston continued to give orders until sunset next day when he departed.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Confederate Attack

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta
On July 20th, Hood ordered the attack to begin at 1:00 P.M. Hardee and Stewart were to advance, drive the enemy back to the creek, and then west into the angle formed by the creek and the river; but events east of Atlanta caused the line to be shifted about a mile to the east, delaying the attack until all but Ward´s division of the enemy had occupied strong ground in line of battle. Bate´s division (Hardee´s right) halted with its right on Clear Creek and its left reaching Walker´s right near Peachtree and Spring Street. Walker´s left met Maney´s right near Brookwood Station. Maney´s left joined the right of Loring´s division (Stewart´s right) which now occupied Loring Heights. Loring´s left extended to meet Walthall´s right near Northside Drive and Bellemeade Avenue. Walthall´s left regiment halted west of Howell Mill Road. About 3:30, Hardee moved forward, Stewart a half hour later. Walker´s advance, astride Peachtree Road, was impeded by uncut forest growth, Maney´s by miry creek bottom and steep hills, Bates by swampy, densely-thicketed bottom of Clear Creek. At Collier Road, Walker´s charging men met a withering fire of musketry and canister from Newton´s lines. Although they fought desperately, heavy losses forced them back. On their left, Maney´s men also met defeat. In the creek bottoms, Bates sung around Newton´s left flank to attack his rear; but Bradley´s men, massed along the road overlooking the creek, met them with musketry. At the Peachtree Creek Bridge, Thomas in person emplaced Ward´s two batteries on the high ground along Peachtree Hills Avenue. Canister from these guns shattered Bate´s right. Already suffering from Bradley´s musketry, his men fell back. Having no reserves, Hardee could not renew the attack so he withdrew. About 4:00, Stewart´s corps attacked. Loring moved forward with Featherston´s brigade on the right, Scott on the left. Featherston´s men crossed Tanyard Branch and moved through dense wood into a wide clearing. They reformed their lines (astride Dellwood Drive) under fire from Geary´s batteries, firing from their left. Sweeping back the Federal picket line barricaded along it, they charged over Collier Road and into the gap between Newton´s right and Geary´s left; but a cross fire of musketry from those positions, together with Ward´s arrival, drove them back with severe losses. Ward´s men took position along Collier Road.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Confederate Attack, Cont.

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta
On the right, Harrison placed two regiments across Tanyard Branch, to connect with Candy´s left, and three on the slight rise east of it. Scott´s brigade advanced across the thickly wooded hills between Northside and Whitehall drives, routing the 33rd New Jersey and capturing its state flag. Although Scott´s men met a storm of fire from Geary´s front, his left regiment captured four of Geary´s guns but where forced to retire without them. His right regiments, diverted to the right by the fire from Candy´s men and of the battery near his left, crossed Tanyard Branch in this area and charged into the gap along the stream, between Harrison´s regiments. At Collier Mill, a few yards farther on, they were halted by a ridge across their front. Massed under the cross fire of Harrison´s men, they were decimated before they could withdraw. Later, a Federal officer wrote "Few battlefields of the war have been strewn so thickly with dead and wounded as they lay that evening around Collier´s mill." On Loring´s left, Walthall had deployed astride Howell Mill Road and advanced northeast through the Embry plantation. O´Neal´s brigade struck Geary´s right, forced it to swing back across Overbrook Road and the ravine to connect with Williams´ left. But the impetus of the attack plunged O´Neal´s men into the ravine between Geary and Williams where they lost heavily before they could withdraw. On O´Neal´s left, the right of Reynolds´ brigade made two desperate attempts to cross the ravine on Williams´ front and assault his line, but the concave ridge thrust Williams´ flanks forward, enabling them to enfilade Reynolds´ right regiments and drive them back with heavy losses. Reynolds´ left across Howell Mill swung around Knipe´s right and attacked his flank; but Ruger´s men rushed to his support and Reynolds´ now exposed left was swept by fire from McCook´s intrenchments, forces Reynolds´ to retire. Nowhere on the two-mile front had the Confederate assault met with more than passing success. Finally, Hardee and Sterwart withdrew their shattered divisions in to the shelter of the outer line. Estimates place Hood´s loss as 4,796, Thomas actual loss was 1,779. Although the Army of Tennessee had fought with the same courage and gallantry which had made Sherman´s advance slow and costly, it had suffered a bitter defeat.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Roosevelt and the Boat Thieves

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North Dakota, McKenzie County, Watford City

      In the spring of 1886 thieves stole Theodore Roosevelt’s boat from his Elkhorn Ranch, 25 miles south of here. Roosevelt pursued the thieves past this point and captured them at the mouth of Cherry Creek about 24 miles downstream. He then marched the thieves overland to Dickinson where they were tried and convicted.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Helm's Brigade

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Georgia, Catoosa County, near Fort Oglethorpe
Text on the First Tablet:

Helm's Brigade.
Breckinridge's Division, Hill's Corps.
Brigadier General Benjamin Hardin Helm.
Colonel Joseph H. Lewis.
September 20, 1863.

41st Alabama, - Colonel Martin L. Stansel.
2nd Kentucky, - Lieutenant Colonel James W. Hewitt.
4th Kentucky, - Major Thomas W. Thompson.
6th Kentucky, - Colonel Joseph H. Lewis.
6th Kentucky, - Lieutenant Colonel Martin H. Cofer.
9th Kentucky, - Lieutenant Colonel John C. Wickliffe.
Cobb's (Kentucky) Battery, - Captain Robert Cobb

I

Text on the Second Tablet:

I

At 9:45 a.m. the brigade advanced as the left of its division from a line 400 yards in rear of this point came under heavy fire from the front and an enfilading fire of infantry and artillery from the left. The formation from right to left was 6th and 4th Kentucky, 41st Alabama, 9th and 2nd Kentucky. In advancing the 6th and 4th Kentucky and six companies of the 41st Alabama passed to the right of the Union breastworks and continued with the rest of the division to the Lafayette road. The 2nd and 9th Kentucky and four companies of the 41st Alabama struck the breastworks and were repulsed in three successive assaults General Helm being killed on this ground while rallying his line. This portion of the brigade was then moved to the right and there formed out of fire with the rest of the brigade.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battlefield of Ezra Church

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Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta

From this point extending three-fourths mile eastward the Confederate troops of Brig. Gen. John C. Brown's & Maj. Gen. Henry D. Clayton's Divisions (seven brigades) of Lieut. Gen. Stephen D. Lee's Corps, formed in line of battle.

From this line they moved northeastward, driving the Federal skirmishers from the ridge just north of the Old Lick Skillet Rd. (Gordon Rd.), and pressed the assault upon the Federal 15th. Corps, posted three-fourths mile northeast of this point.

Failing to dislodge the Federals, another assault was made by Maj. Gen. E.C. Walthall's Division (three brigades), of Lieut. Gen. Alex P. Stewart's Corps.

Night ended the battle and the Confederates withdrew to the city fortifications. This was Gen. John B. Hood's third attempt to halt Gen. Sherman's drive upon Atlanta.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dude on the Frontier

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North Dakota, Stark County, Belfield

Theodore Roosevelt, 24 years old, came to the North Dakota badlands from New York City to hunt his first buffalo. For a week there was nothing but rain – at last some fresh tracks. And after hard riding, and a lot of missed shots, Roosevelt finally downed a large bull.

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He was looking for a taste of Wild West adventure. But something about the badlands made a deeper impression. Swift rides in the early morning, the songs of unfamiliar birds, the rock formations at night, all were part of the spirit of the place and he returned often during the years before his Presidency.

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Even during his earliest stays in the badlands, Roosevelt sensed a unique time passing away. Land was becoming overgrazed, the wild animals hunted off. And be began to fear that a wilderness lifestyle he had grown to prize might vanish . . .

The grass-land stretches out in the sunlight like a sea, every wind bending the blades into a ripple, and flecking the prairie with shifting patches of a different green from that around, exactly as the touch of a light squall or wind-gust will fleck the smooth surface of the ocean.”- Theodore Roosevelt, in
Ranch Life in the Far West


(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gist's Brigade

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Georgia, Catoosa County, near Fort Oglethorpe
Gist's Brigade
Walker's Division, Walker's Corps.
Colonel Peyton H. Colquitt.
Lieutenant Colonel Leroy Napier.
September 20, 1863,
Noon.

46th Georgia, - Major A.M. Speer.
8th Georgia Battalion, - Lieutenant Colonel Leroy Napier.
8th Georgia Battalion, - Major Z.L. Watters.
16th South Carolina, - Colonel James McCollough.
24th South Carolina, - Colonel Clement H. Stevens.
24th South Carolina, - Lieutenant Colonel Ellison Capers.
This brigade the 16th South Carolina being left at Rome Georgia came upon this ground about 10 a.m. It moved to the attack over the ground from which Helm's brigade had been repulsed and wheeled to the left till parallel to King's regular brigade at the left of General Baird's line and attacked it. Colonel Colquitt was killed and at the end of thirty minutes hard fighting in which all but two of the field officers were killed or wounded the brigade fell back fighting to the first position. About 5 o'clock the brigade moved forward to the Lafayette road and bivouacked. Strength in action 980 officers and men. Casualties killed 49 wounded 251 missing 36 total 336. Percentage of loss 34.28, all occurring in thirty minutes.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Welcome to Painted Canyon – A View into Theodore Roosevelt National Park

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North Dakota, Stark County, Belfield

Painted Canyon . . . the name itself evokes an image of color and light playing across the face of a wild and broken land. Of the countless individuals who have stood transfixed at the canyon rim – Native Americans, fur traders, a cavalry general, a man who would become the 26th President, naturalists, travelers, and writers – all have tried to express the feeling of the moment.

After you have enjoyed the scenic view, we invite you to visit the other areas of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. If you are traveling west, take exit 7, seven miles west of here, and follow the signs to Theodore Roosevelt National Park’s South Unit. The main visitor center is in the pioneer cattle town of Medora. It offers a museum, theater, and the Maltese Cross Ranch Cabin, Roosevelt’s first home in the badlands. A 36-mile scenic drive begins from that point. If you are traveling east, take exit 10 at Belfield, ND, and travel north on US 85 to the North Unit, a distance of 62 miles from here. A visitor center, exhibits, and a 13-mile scenic drive are available there.

This broken country extends back from the river for many miles, and has been called always by Indians, French Voyagers, and American trappers alike, the ‘Bad Lands’, ” . . . Theodore Roosevelt, 1885

(Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

2d Ohio Infantry

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Tennessee, Hamilton County, Chattanooga
2d Ohio Infantry
Carlin's Brigade, Johnson's Division, 14th Corps.

Colonel Anson G. McCook.

November 25, 1863.
The second, with its Brigade, ascended Lookout the afternoon of November 24, joined Hooker's forces and participated in the close of the battle. About 1 p.m. of the 25th it joined its Division in front of Missionary Ridge. It was the right regiment in the storming line of the Army of the Cumberland, and reached the crest about this point; moving to the right it captured 250 prisoners chiefly of the 38th Alabama.

It took part in the pursuit to Ringgold.

Casualties: killed, 4 men; wounded, 2 officers, 10 men; total, 16.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

How Big was the Original Fort Condé?

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Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile
Since colonial rulers were unable to attract large numbers of settlers to Mobile, the Port City’s population remained small and never grew above 500. Because the majority of Mobile’s population was military personnel, the city was built around the fort and it became the focal point or town center for the Greater Mobile Bay area. Differences and errors in some maps made in Europe during the three colonial periods make accurate measurements of the original fort difficult. However, a good estimate can be made using the 1763 British Pittman Map of Mobile.

Researchers believe that the Pittman Map remains one of the most accurate maps of the town and fort of Mobile. Sometimes referred to as a square, standard, or star design, Fort Condé measured about 90,000 square feet or 2 acres on the inside, and covered approximately 490,000 square feet or 11 acres of land on the outside if one includes the outer earthworks and defenses leading up to the fort structure. If the full size fort was present today, it would take up large sections of Church, Royal, Government, St. Emanuel, and Theatre Streets in downtown Mobile.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The McKee Mansion

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Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, McKees Rocks
At this site on October Twentieth, 1770, George Washington dined at the home of Alexander McKee.

(Landmarks) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Elias Fry Barn

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Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, near Wexford
Pennsylvania bank barn named after Philip Elias Fry (1868-1946), a highly skilled carpenter who built many barns in Marshall Township. Donated by Claude and James Herbert and moved to this site in 1992 from Adoph and Bertha's Frye's former farm on Cardinal Drive.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

94th Ohio Infantry

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Tennessee, Hamilton County, Chattanooga
94th Ohio Infantry
Carlin's Brigade, Johnson's Division, 14th Corps.

Major Rue P. Hutchins.

November 25, 1863.
This Regiment, with its Brigade, ascended Lookout the afternoon of November 24th, joined Hooker's forces and participated in the close of the battle. About 1 p.m. of the 25th it joined its Division in front of Missionary Ridge. The 94th participated in the storming of the Ridge, reaching the summit at this point.

The regiment bivouacked on the crest, and took part during the 26th and 27th in the pursuit to Ringgold.

From this point it returned to Chattanooga on the 29th. Casualties: killed, 1 man; wounded, 1 officer, 15 men; total, 17.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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