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The Hardin-Simmons Bell

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene
In the late 1890s, Mr. George Bennett, president of Acme Pressed Brick Company, donated funds for the purchase of this bell. For two decades, this bell swung from the bell tower of the Old Main building, serving as a timepiece for what was then Simmons College. The bell signaled the time of day, changing of classes, and the celebration of athletic victories.

When Simmons Science Hall was built in 1918-1919, most of Old Main was torn down and the bell tower destroyed. The bell was unceremoniously placed on the roof of the Science Hall.

In 1944, Mrs. J.D. (Lucile) Sandefer, first lady of Hardin-Simmons University, climbed up on the roof of the Science Hall and had the bell brought down. She and her son, J.D. “Jake” Sandefer Jr., secured the building of this bell tower.

Today the bell silently represents the university’s founding, its traditions, and Mrs. Sandefer’s love for Hardin-Simmons University.

Dr. Leroy J. Humphries, Class of 1964

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Irish Roots in Old Québec

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Quebec, Capitale-Nationale (region), Québec
This marker has text on both sides of the panel.
Side A
Irish Roots in Old Québec / La présence irlandaise dans le Vieux-Québec
English:
The Story in Brief
History notes that the first Irish in Quebec City were soldiers in the French army and, later, soldiers and officers of the British garrison. By 1815, the newcomers were mostly Protestant business people and craftsmen. Around I830, Irish immigrants were mainly Catholic and of more modest means. Massive emigration from Ireland, which was plagued by famine and disease, was a phenomenon of the 1840s. By 1871, some 12,500 Québec City citizens were of Irish origin.

Today, millions of North Americans of Irish descent view Quebec City and Grosse-Île as sacred to the memory of the 19th Century Irish diaspora in North America.

Irish Institutions Take Root
Back in 1760, Protestant Irish immigrants joined the various institutions of the British community in Quebec City. In 1859, they set up their own Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. Commemorative plaques can be seen in many Anglophone institutions honouring the contribution of these sons of Ireland.

Around 1830, the burgeoning Irish Catholic community created a network of religious, social, and cultural institutions which, for the most part, are still in existence today.

The cornerstone of the first St. Patrick’s Church ② on rue Sainte-Helene (now McMahon) was hastily laid in 1832 during a cholera epidemic. The presbytery ③ on rue Saint~Stanislas was a few steps from the residence ④ of Father Patrick McMahon, the first pastor and thus founder of what many consider the first national Irish church in Canada.

The elderly and the orphans, quite numerous in the 19th, were housed in rented premises on rue Saint-Stanislas ⑤. Founded by Anna Bradley and a group of lay women, Saint Brigid‘s Home moved to a new site on Grande-Allée in 1858. In 1884. an imposing, new school ⑥ was built across from the church to replace the earlier school on rue des Glacis ⑦.

St. Patrick‘s Day was celebrated for the first time in Québec City on March 17, 1765, by the Protestant Irish officers of the British garrison. Later, and for more than a century, St. Patrick‘s Literary Institute ⑧ organized the events surrounding the celebration, including masses, parades, banquets, and stage shows.

Today, St. Patrick's Day has become increasingly at festive occasion for Quebec City citizens of all origins, living testimony to a shared heritage.

French:
Une histoire à découvrir
Les premiers Irlandais à s'établir à Québec sont des soldats de l'armée française et, ensuite, des soldats et officiers de l'armée britannique. Vers 1815, les Irlandais qui débarquent sont généralement protestants: gens d'affaires et de métier. Après 1830, ils sont de statut social modeste et majoritairement catholiques. L'émigration massive d'Irlande, marquée par la famine et les épidémies, date des années I840. En I871 , la ville compte 12 500 citoyens d'origine irlandaise.

Aujourd'hui, des millions de Nord-Américains de souche irlandaise considèrent Québec et Grosse-Île comme des hauts lieux de la diaspora irlandaise du l 9ᵉ siècle en Amérique.

Des institutions bien enracinées
Dès 1760, les immigrants irlandais protestants s'intègrent aux institutions de la communauté britannique de la capitale. Néanmoins ils créent, en I859, la Irish Protestant Benevolent Society pour soutenir leurs propres œuvres. On voit des plaques témoignant de la contribution de ces fils d‘Irlande dans plusieurs institutions anglophones de la ville de Québec.

De son côté, la communauté irlandaise catholique naissante se dote, à partir de 1830, d'un ensemble d'institutions qui, pour l'essentiel, poursuivent leur œuvre aujourd'hui.

La pierre angulaire de la première église catholique St. Patrick ②, rue Sainte-Hélène (aujourd'hui McMahon), est posée en 1832 durant une épidémie de choléra. Le presbytère ③, rue Saint-Stanislas, est à deux pas de la résidence ④ de l'abbe’ Patrick McMahon, pasteur fondateur de ce qui est parfois considéré comme la première paroisse nationale irlandaise au Canada.

Les personnes âgées et les orphelins, nombreux au 19ᵉ siècle, sont logés dans une maison louée, rue Saint-Stanislas ⑤. Cet asile est l'oeuvre de Mme Anna Bradley et des dames de la paroisse. Le foyer Saint Brigid's Home est déménagé sur la Grand Allée en I858. En I884, une imposante école ⑥, construite de biais par rapporta à église, remplace celle de la rue des Glacis ⑦. La Saint-Patrick est fêtée pour la première fois à Québec le l7 mars I765 par les officiers s irlandais protestants de la garnison britannique. Plus tard, et ce durant plus d'un siècle, le St. Patrick's Literary Institute ⑧ assure la fête nationale en organisant messes, défilés, banquets et spectacles.

Aujourd‘hui, la Saint-Patrick est de plus en plus une fête pour l'ensemble de la population de Québec. toutes origines confondues. File témoigne d'un héritage commun toujours vivant.

Side B
The Irish Settle and Flourish / Les Irlandais s'installent et laissent leur marque
English:
"Little Irelands"
Because of the many marriages between Irish immigrants and Francophones, many experts believe that some 40% of Québecers have an ancestor of Irish descent. As can be seen on the map of the area around Quebec City, immigrants from Ireland settled widely and gave Irish names to numerous towns and villages, including Armagh, Coleraine, Saint-Adrien, Sainte-Brigitte-de-Laval, Saint-Patrice-de-Beauriyage, Shannon, and Saint-Malachie.

On the Waterfront and Beyond
In I9th Century Quebec City, economic activity centred on shipbuilding, and the lumber trade. Irish Protestants were involved in shipbuilding, as were many French Canadians. The newly arrived Irish Catholics gravitated towards the more dangerous work on the docks. In 1862, they created the Québec Ship Labourers Benevolent Society, considered to be the most powerful union in Canada in the 19th Century. Irish women were particularly active in service trades such as rooming houses, millinery, teaching, and domestic service. In due course, the local economy and professions included many Irish families such as: the Boswells, Breakeys, Burns, Caldwells, Delaneys, Dinans, Dinnings, Leonards, Maddens, Maguires, MacDonalds, McKennas, McInenlys, Nesbitts, Nielsons, Noonans, O’Farrells, Olivers, Parkes, Pembertons, Quinns, Timmonys, and Welchs.

The Irish in Public Life
Many well-known Irishmen were involved in the Patriots Movement or participated in other political reforms of the 19th Century. Among them: Cannon, Lester, McGreevy, O'Callaglan, Ryan, and Shehyn. Two Irishmen, Charles Alleyn and Owen Murphy, were elected Mayor of Quebec City in 1854 and 1874 respectively. Since 1867, Irish Quebecers from the city and surrounding area have been prominent in the judiciary and parliament, including Cannon, Carbray, Dawson, Delisle, Fitzpatrick, Flynn, Kaine, Mackasey, Mulroney, O’Gallagher, O’Neill, Power, Ross, and Saint-Laurent. A few became Prime Minister or ministers of the Crown. Some Irish families have provided candidates for political ofiice in Québec City and Ottawa generation alter generation to this very day.

French:
Des Irlandais font souche au Québec
Selon plusieurs spécialistes, 40 % des Québécois ont un ancêtre de souche irlandaise. Les traces de l'immigration irlandaise sont évidentes, notamment dans la toponymie québécoise: Armagh, Colleraient, Saint-Adrien-d'Irlande, Sainte Brigitte-de-Laval, Saint-Patrice-de-Beaurivage, Shannon, Saint-Malachie.

Gagner sa vie à Québec au 19ᵉ siècle
Au l9ᵉ siècle, l'activité économique á Québec tourne autour de la construction navale et de l'exportation du bois. De nombreux Irlandais protestants travaillent á la construction des navires tout comme bon nombre de Canadiens français. Les Irlandais catholiques, fraîchement débarqués, trouvent d’abord un emploi comme débardeur. En 1862, ils fondent la Québec Ship Labourers Benevolent Society, considérée comme le plus puissant syndicat au Canada au 19ᵉ siècle. Les femmes irlandaises sont particulièrement actives dans les entreprises de services, entre autres comme tenancières de maisons de pension, modistes, enseignantes et domestiques.
Avec le temps, les familles irlandaises rejoignent tous les secteurs de l'économie. Certaines d’entre elles se nomment Boswell, Breakey, Burns, Caldwell, Delaney, Dinan, Dinning, Leonard, Madden, Maguire, MacDonald, McKenna, McInenly, Nesbitt, Nielson, Noonan, O’Farrell, Oliver, Parke, Pemberton, Quinn, Timmony et Welch.

Des citoyens actifs sur la scène politique
Plusieurs personnalités irlandaises militent dans le mouvement des Patriotes et sont associées aux réformes politiques du 19ᵉ siècle dont Cannon, Lester, McGreevy,O'Callaghan, Ryan et Shehyn. Deux Irlandais sont élus à la mairie de Québec: Charles Alleyn en 1854 et Owen Murphy en 1874. Après 1867, des descendants des Irlandais de la région accèdent à la magistrature ou sont député, ministre ou premier ministre à Assemblée législative du Québec ou à la Chambre des Communes à Ottawa: Cannon, Carbray, Dawson, Delisle, Fitzpatrick, Flynn, Mackasey, Mulroney, O’Gallagher, O'Neill, Power, Ross et Saint-Laurent. Certaines de ces familles irlandaises fournissent de génération en génération des hommes et des femmes politiques au Québec et au Canada.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Brockville Tunnel

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Ontario, Leeds & Grenville Counties, Brockville

Construction of Canada's first railway tunnel, which runs from this point for 1,730 feet in a northerly direction, began in September, 1854. Designed to give the Brockville and Ottawa Railway access to the riverfront, it was opened on December 31, 1860. This railway, incorporated in 1853, ran from Brockville to Sand Point, near Arnprior, with a branch line from Smith's Falls to Perth. Its first train left Brockville's Grand Trunk station on January 25, 1859, almost two years before finances permitted completion of the tunnel. The Brockville and Ottawa amalgamated in 1878 with the Canada Central Railway, which was absorbed by the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1881.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

‘Where’s the Wall?’

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Wyoming, Goshen County, Fort Laramie

It is one of the most commonly asked questions here – and with good reason. Those who grew up watching western movies expect to see a fort with a large wooden stockade. Like many other aspects of Hollywood westerns, the walled military fort makes for better entertainment than good history.

One reason Fort Laramie lacked a wall was that timber was not abundant. The other reason had to do with the combat style of the Plains Indian Warrior, who relied on mobility and preferred fighting on horseback in open terrain to siege warfare. The army quickly recognized building walled forts was unnecessary and expensive. The military did, however, construct temporary fortifications here. The linear depression in front of you is all that remains of a rifle trench built in 1865.

In February 1865, Cheyenne and Lakota warriors attacked Mud Springs Station, 105 miles east. A detachment of 172 soldiers left to relieve the station, leaving Fort Laramie dangerously undermanned. Construction of three artillery emplacements linked by rifle trenches was ordered in response.

A fortified adobe redoubt built the following year further strengthened the defenses and doubled as a corral and teamsters’ quarters. Two hexagonal blockhouses stood at opposing corners of the eight-foot-high adobe-walled enclosure. Concern about attacks subsided after the 1868 treaties were signed and the defensive trenches rapidly fell into disrepair.
Rifle TrenchesEvidence indicates that the rifle trench would have looked similar to the illustration at left. Excavated earth formed a protective berm in front of the trench, with bags of corn probably placed along the top to provide extra protection. A firing step was fashioned along the front wall of the trench. Archeologists believe that soldiers lined much, if not all, of the trench with wooden planks. The rifle trench did not impress all, however. One soldier observed:
    . . . works like the ones they are making are of no benefit whatever, as they will never keep Indians out of the Fort . . . . It is a well-known fact that the great danger is not in their attacking forts; but [that] they are continually on the watch for small squads, who may be out some miles from assistance . . . This is the way which Company K lost two brave and noble boys . . .

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

John H. Tunstall Murder Site (Actual)

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New Mexico, Lincoln County, Glencoe

John H Tunstall
Age 24
Killed Here
February 18,1878
Triggering Lincoln
County War
Erected By L. C. Hist. Society
Feb. 18, 1978

(Notable Events) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Prairie Dog

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene


Redbud Park Prairie Dogs
The Redbud Park prairie dog town was a natural prairie dog town. The enclosed area was established in 1979 with Revenue Sharing Funds.

Vital Stats
Weight: 1.5-3 lbs.
Length with tail: 3-5"
Shoulder Height: 3-4"
Sexual Maturity: 1 year
Mating Season: March-April
Gestation Period: 28-32 days
No. of Young: 3-8, 5 avg.
Birth Interval: 1 year
Lifespan: 3-5 years in the wild

Prairie Dogs are the most social members of the Squirrel Family and are closely related to ground squirrels, chipmunks and marmots. There are five species of Prairie Dogs (genus Cynomys):
Black-tailed Prairie Dog (C. ludovicianus) occupies narrow bands of dry plains stretching from central Texans to Canada.
White-tailed Prairie Dog (C. leucurus) inhabits Western US: Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana.
Gunnison's Prairie Dog (C. gunnisoni) has a much shorter tail than other Prairie Dogs, and it is uniquely colored and centers around the Four Corners from 5000-11000 feet.
Mexican Prairie Dog (C. mexicanus) is an endangered species with a limited distribution only within parts of Mexico.
Utah Prairie Dog (C. parvidens) is the smallest of all Prairie Dogs and is most threatened.

Curious Prairie Dog Facts
Prairie Dogs are stout, burrowing rodents among the many varieties of ground squirrels.
Prairie Dog burrows are called "towns."
Most Prairie Dogs hibernate during the winter.
Settlers called them "dogs" and "sod poodles" because of their high-pitched, bark-like call.
As members of the genus Cynomys (Greek for "mouse dog"), all 5 species of Prairie Dogs belong to the Squirrel family (Sciuridae).
Prairie Dogs issue different sounds identifying various predators, which include hawks, owls, eagles, ravens, coyotes, badgers, ferrets and snakes.

At the turn of the century, as many as 5 billion Prairie Dogs occupied millions of acres of grass prairies across the West.

Why are prairie dogs important?
Aside from the argument that all life is precious, the prairie dogs is a recognized keystone (or integral) species of the short-grass prairie ecosystem. They contribute to the lives of other mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects of the prairie by providing habitat and food. Abandoned burrows are frequently used as homes by burrowing owls, white tailed rabbits, badgers, weasels, snakes, and even foxes. Prairie dogs' churning activities aerate the soil to allow for more water penetration, while their nitrogen-rich dung improves the quality of the soil and surrounding vegetation. As a prey base, the prairie dog supports a wide variety of species. The swift fox, the coyote, weasels, snakes, hawks, eagles and the endangered black-footed ferret are just a few of the predators who rely on prairie dogs for food.

(Environment) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Buell, Sr.

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Ontario, Leeds & Grenville Counties, Brockville

Renowned as the founder of Brockville, Buell was born in Hebron, Connecticut. Shortly after the outbreak of the American Revolution he moved to Québec where he joined the British forces and eventually served as a commissioned officer in the King's Rangers. In 1784, after his unit had been disbanded, he settled on a Crown grant here in the center of present-day Brockville. One of the area's first permanent residents, Buell became an influential local citizen. He represented Leeds in the Upper Canadian House of Assembly (1800–04). He also contributed to the development of the community of Elizabethtown (Brockville) by subdividing his holdings into lots for sale to settlers and by donating land for the Johnstown District Court House and Gaol and for several churches.

(Politics • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of the Neches

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Texas, Van Zandt County, near Van
Main engagement of Cherokee War; fought July 15 and 16, 1839, between 800 Indians (including Delawares and Shawnees) and 500 troops of the Republic of Texas.
     An extraordinary fact is that David G. Burnet, vice president of the Republic; Albert Sidney Johnston, Secretary of War; and two other high officials took active parts in the fighting.
     When killed, Chief Bowles, the aged Cherokee leader, carried a sword given him by Gen. Sam Houston. After the defeat of the tribes, they scattered, thus virtually ending Indian troubles in the settled eastern part of Texas.

(Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Robertson Hospital

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Virginia, Richmond
On this site stood
The Robertson Hospital
in charge of
Captain Sally L. Tompkins C.S.A.
from 1862 to 1865.

(Science & Medicine • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Post Hospital

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Wyoming, Goshen County, Fort Laramie

A succession of three hospitals served Fort Laramie from 1849 to 1890. The first hospital was located in the old adobe trading post (Fort John) at the south end of the parade ground. Suffering from structural failure and a serious vermin infestation, the hospital moved in 1856.

Constructed of wood and adobe brick, the second hospital was located just below and to the left of the ridge on which you now stand. Only subsurface remains survive.

The ruins in front of you are all that remain of the third hospital, built in 1873 on a site previously used for the post cemetery. Before work could begin on the new hospital, soldiers had to remove and reinter six burials found within the lines of construction. Dozens of other burials were abandoned and left unmarked around the hospital. Please stay on the marked paths and respect this cemetery as you would any other burial ground.

State-of-the-art for its time, the third post hospital was a 12-bed facility with a large, airy patient ward, kitchen, dining room, dispensary, bathing room, lavatory, and office space. Its interior was smooth-plastered in white to make disinfecting and cleaning easier. Sunny verandas provided a pleasant place for patients to convalesce during warm weather.

To the rear of the building stood the quarters of the hospital steward, a senior non-commissioned officer who was in charge of the day-to-day administration of the hospital. Often the steward’s wife served as the hospital matron, who washed and distributed clean clothing and linens, and cooked for the patients. The hospital garden provided a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. Milk cows, chickens, and pigs kept by the hospital supplied the patients with fresh milk, eggs and meat.

The post surgeon made daily rounds. By the late 1880s, the surgeon was only a phone call away after the telephone line was installed between his residence and the hospital. As the only hospital within 100 miles, it also treated civilians, who were charged $1 per day for hospitalization.

Lime-Grout
The 1873 post hospital was the first building built here using “lime-grout.” Impressed by the economic advantages of poured wall construction, the army continued to use the technique on virtually every major structure built here after 1873.

Lime-grout was made by burning native limestone in a kiln, driving off the carbonic acid to create quicklime. Coarse river gravel was mixed with water and quicklime forming mortar. Poured into box forms made of 2- by 12-inch planking, this mixture hardened for 24 hours. The forms were removed, placed on top of the hardened mixture, and again filled with wet lime-grout. The process was repeated until the wall reached its required height.

Stripped of roofs, windows, and doors after the fort was abandoned, the lime-grout buildings began to deteriorate. Without protection, lime-grout readily absorbs moisture, and in the winter the water freezes and expands, causing cracks and spalling.

Preservation crews constantly battle these processes by sealing cracks and exposed surfaces with a patching material made of lime-grout.

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Graceland Cemetery

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Iowa, Union County, Creston

The first cemetery located at Cherry and Ringgold Streets was organized by a Creston Cemetery Ass'n August 1, 1874
and abandoned in 1880.

Graceland Cemetery was opened in 1881. The first burial was February 2, 1881. All bodies and stones from the abandoned cemetery were then moved to Graceland Cemetery. June 8, 1903, the city of Creston purchased Graceland Cemetery and it was operated by the City Council until July 7, 1930 when a Board of Trustees was created by the Council, delegating all powers to said Board. December 7, 1942, twenty additional acres of land were purchased seven acres of which have been developed into memorial gardens.

[Dedicated] May 30, 1967

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Rustic Hotel “ . . . No Second-Rate Affair”

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Wyoming, Goshen County, Fort Laramie

As the nation prepared to celebrate its centennial in 1876, electrifying news of a gold rush in the Black Hills flashed across the country. A new bridge over the North Platte River guaranteed that the preferred route to the gold fields passed through Fort Laramie.

Post Trader John S. Collins erected a hotel on this location to provide lodging for the gold seekers. Collins christened the new establishment the Rustic. The hotel also served as headquarters for the Cheyenne and Black Hills Stage Company. Cheyenne newspapers reported favorably on the new hotel, noting, “From the ‘tone’ of it, we infer that the Rustic is to be no second-rate affair. The manager will accommodate all with clean beds and first-class meals.” Many travelers who stayed at the Rustic thought otherwise.

“ . . . I did not quite like the look of the bed . . . with its dingy sheets . . . . I had not slept an hour before a disagreeable sensation aroused me . . . . Ugh! The whole place swarmed with horrid little bugs . . . . Of course, sleep was out of the question for me . . . .”Rose Pender, Rustic Hotel guest, 1883
The Cheyenne Black Hills Company


The Cheyenne and Black Hills Stage line began operation in April 1876, providing service from Cheyenne to Custer City. Ticket prices ranged between ten and twenty dollars. The trip could be made in three days, weather permitting. Stage service extended to Deadwood in September, a distance of 290 miles from Cheyenne.

At first, Indian attacks and stagecoach robberies plagued the new line. The military acted quickly to protect it. The army established camps at strategic locations on the trail and patrolled the most dangerous sections. The stage hauled scores of travelers and millions of dollars of bullion to and from the Black Hills over its eleven-year lifespan.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Origin of Taps

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Virginia, Charles City County, Charles City

During the Civil War in July 1862, when the Army of the Potomac was in camp on this site, Brigadier General Daniel Butterfield summoned Private Oliver Willcox Norton, his Brigade Bugler to his tent. He whistled some new tune and asked the bugler to sound it for him. After repeated trials and changing the time of some notes which were scribbled on the back of an envelope, the call was finally arranged to suit General Butterfield and used for the first time that night. From that time it became and remains to this day the official call for "Taps."

Erected by
The American Legion
Department of Virginia
in tribute to
American War Dead of All Wars
July 4, 1969

(Arts, Letters, Music • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Benjamin Harrison

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Virginia, Charles City County, Charles City
In this graveyard is buried
Col. Benjamin Harrison, V
December 13, 1730
April 24, 1791

Singer of the
Declaration of Independence

Member of
Virginia House of Burgesses
Continental Congress
Federal Constitutional Convention
Thrice governor of Virginia
Father and great-grandfather of two
Presidents of the United States

Erected 1972 by
Virginia Society
Daughters of the American Colonists

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Colonial Era • Politics) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Capt. John Woodliffe

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Virginia, Charles City County, Charles City
From Prestwood, England
At Jamestown 1608

First Governor of Berkeley
Hundred Plantation 1619

Capt. John Woodlife and 38 settlers
in the Ship "Margaret" landed here
December 4, 1619

First Official Thanksgiving Day
Service in America held here by
Capt. Woodlife and these settlers

Proclamation
Impr wee ordaine that the day of our
ships arrivall at the place assigned
for plantagon in the land of Virginia
shall be yearly and perputualy
keept Holy as a day of Thanksgiving
to Almighty God

Erected by his descendants
The Woodlief-Woodliff Family
Nov. 22, 1956

(Colonial Era • Politics • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Weeks' Grove

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Louisiana, Iberia Parish, New Iberia
This building stands in what was known as "Weeks Grove" of Live Oak trees which extended from Bayou Teche southward for several blocks and which for years formed the eastern boundary of the town. About the turn of the century the "Weeks Grove" served as a park for New Iberians who gathered there in the evenings to visit and attend band concerts. This building, a one story dwelling was built by Dr. W.J. Emmer in 1902. In 1906 it served for a time as the office of the short-lived Central Railroad of Louisiana. Thereafter, it was used as a residence. In 1914, Mayor Alphie Fontelieu bought the place and added the upper story. The structure remained a residence until 1959.

(Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Yellowstone     National Historic Landmark

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Wyoming, Park County, Yellowstone National Park

This is the only point in the park where an extensive transformation of natural conditions by the work of man has been permitted. Yet, it was unavoidable here, and in yielding to this necessity, the effort has been made to provide a substitution that would be in harmony with the natural surroundings, and would itself be a feature of interest.”Major John Pitcher
Acting Superintendent   1901- 1907

A stroll along the sidewalks of the fort takes you back to when the West was being tamed, the national park idea was new, and visitors travelled the dusty roads in horse-drawn carriages.

• Enhance your tour by purchasing the self-guiding publication available here or in the visitor center.
• Allow 45 minutes for a leisurely stroll along the route.
• Approximate distance .3 mile (.5 km).
• Tour route is entirely paved and wheelchair accessible.

Special Note: The Albright Visitor Center in front of you is open to the public year-round (hours are posted on the door). However, most other structures in Fort Yellowstone are employee residences and are not open to public use. Please respect the privacy of residents by staying on the paved tour route and treating their living areas with respect.

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First State Bank of Belcher

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Louisiana, Caddo Parish, Belcher
The First State bank of Belcher was organized in 1913. The present brick building was designed by the architect Edward F. Neild of Shreveport and built in 1924. The First State Bank later became Caddo Trust & Savings Bank the Belcher Masonic Lodge #332 was chartered in 1909 with 22 members and met upstairs in this building each month until it consolidated with the Ida Masonic Lodge #324 in 1991.

(Fraternal or Sororal Organizations • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Ruben V. Glassell House

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Louisiana, Caddo Parish, Belcher
The original house was built in 1899 by Ruben V. Glassell, a planter, and his wife Vivian. It faced west and had a center hall in the dogtrot style. Around 1910 interior columns and porches on the south and east sides were added, and the south side became the front of the house. In 1953 the east porch was enclosed to form three additional rooms. In 1982 it became the home of Andrew and Linda Marino and their four children.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Belcher Presbyterian Church

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Louisiana, Caddo Parish, Belcher
Belcher Presbyterian Church was organized on July 18, 1897, as the Red River Presbyterian Church. The congregation met in a vacant store building on Rush Point Plantation where services were held until 1900, when a one room frame building was erected in Belcher, one mile west of the Red River. The present English Tudor brick church was completed and dedicated in May of 1925. The church contains the original pipe organ installed in 1929.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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