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Brewer Farmstead

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Beallsville


Family Farming

Dr. William Brewer acquired 583 acres in a land grant known as “Woodstock Manor,” in 1838. Woodstock was two miles from Dr. Brewer's primary residence, Aix-La-Chappell where he provided medical treatment to the local community and taught future physicians, including his son, Nicholas.

An avid farmer, Dr. Brewer was dedicated; to promoting agrarian improvements, such as crop rotation and the creation of local and state agricultural societies. Dr. Brewer promoted the cultivation of wheat to replace the inefficiencies created by the dominant tobacco culture in Montgomery County.

However, when Dr. Brewer's youngest son, George, established residence at Woodstock in 1850, he cultivated tobacco along with wheat. These crops were tended by enslaved persons owned by the Brewer family until 1864, when all slaves in Maryland were emancipated. At that time, two men and three women from this farm acquired their freedom.

By 1879, hired laborers worked for William George Brewer, son of George Brewer, and sole owner of the 400-acre farm. On his improved fields, he grew wheat, Indian corn, Irish potatoes, apple trees, and hay. He also maintained horses, cattle, swine and chickens. His hens laid over 350 eggs in 1880.

After tending the farm for over sixty years, William G. Brewer sold Woodstock in 1942, ending the family's farming tradition that had lasted 104 years.

Farmyard Structures

At its peak of operations this property included collection of 19th and 20th century buildings. All out-buildings, ranging slave quarters to several barns, sat directly behind the main house.

The spring house and the stone dwelling were built in the mid-19th century with Seneca sandstone, a material that ensured their longevity.

The three wood frame buildings reflect the growing mechanization of this farm in the early 20th century.  

(Agriculture) Includes location, directions, 16 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Willis Richardson Residence

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District of Columbia, LeDroit Park, Washington


512 U Street, NW

Willis Richardson (1889-l977) Was a prolific and acclaimed playwright known for realistic portrayals of ordinary African Americans. Family circumstances forced the promising writer to choose work over college, and Richardson spent his career at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, writing on the side. His The Chip Woman's Fortune was the first drama by an African American produced on Broadway (1923), and his Mortgaged was the first black-authored play produced by the Howard Players (1924). He won awards for The Broken Banjo and other plays. Richardson also compiled anthologies of plays for Carter G. Woodson's Association for the Study of Negro Life and History.

Richardson and his wife lived here a newlyweds.

(African Americans • Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Hub in it’s Heyday

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Pennsylvania, Carbon County, Weissport
As long as the Lehigh Canal prospered, so did Weissport. When the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company located its primary boatyard here, it transformed both sides of the Canal into a bustling manufacturing complex.

Look around…imagine a planning mill, blacksmith shop and covered dry dock. A boiler house with a steam engine belching smoke. A mule-powered railway for hauling boats out of the water in its heyday. Weissport had storage sheds for metal and lumber. Mules, hundreds of mules, filled nearby stables.

Residents shopped at three general stores. Two coal yards sold the Canal’s most plentiful cargo. Nearby everyone in Weissport depended upon the Canal. And the Canal depended upon the town. More than 8 out of every 10 Canal employees (except for locktenders and boatmen) lived in or near Weissport.

“Weissport though small in size…was about the liveliest place in the Lehigh Valley”
“Dr. Clarence Weiss, 1942”

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Exploring the Corridor

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Pennsylvania, Carbon County, Weissport
Welcome to the Delaware and Lehigh National and State Heritage Corridor, a collection of people, places and events that helped shape our great nation. Come journey through five Pennsylvania counties bursting with heritage and brimming with outdoor adventure. Canals and railroads---remnants of Northeastern Pennsylvania’s prosperous coal age---form the spine of this more than 150-mile Corridor. You’ll find something for everyone. Follow a history trail marked with stories about hearty lumberjacks, coal miners, lock tenders, canalers, and railroaders. Explore quiet canal paths, challenging bike trails and rippling waters of the Delaware and Lehigh Rivers.

In the Corridor’s northern reach experience life within Luzerne County coal towns and vibrant cities proudly displaying ethnic diversity. Spend time in our arts and educational institutions. Find outdoor recreation in Carbon County where the landscape offers breathtaking scenery and glimpses of coal and lumber industries from days gone by. Wander through enchanting towns; visit a coal museum and an underground mine. The Lehigh Valley welcomes you with rolling hills, winding rivers, picturesque farms, covered bridges and Victorian townhouses.

Discover Moravian heritage within the valley’s oldest city. Learn about the steel and cement industries, or attend some of America’s best festivals. The excitement continues as you travel south along the Delaware River Scenic Drive into Bucks County. This area offers pastoral vistas, landmarks from America’s battle for independence and a renowned artist’s community intermingled with Colonial farmsteads.

Relive history and discover a distinctive American landscape within the Corridor. We invite you to bask in our heritage, ride or walk our trails, and enjoy our waterways. www.nps.gov/dele.

(Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

McCullough Peaks Wild Horses

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Wyoming, Big Horn County, near Burlington

      No larger than a dog, the eohippus, or dawn horse, first appeared approximately 55 million years ago. It had four toes on its front legs and three on its hind legs. Eohippus remains have been found in Wyoming’s Wind River Basin. Over time, the eohippus evolved into Equus - - the horse as we know it. The horse became extinct in America about 8,000 years ago. In the fifteenth century, Spanish explorers and missionaries reintroduced it to the Americas. Legend has it today’s wild horses are the seed stock of horses that escaped from early Spanish expeditions, but only after the 1680 Pueblo Revolt did large numbers of wild horses appear on the grasslands of the plains.

      Wild horses in the McCullough Peaks vicinity are part of the Wyoming Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Herd Management Area. This fifteen mile (109,814 acre) public rangeland is located roughly 12 miles east of Cody, Wyoming. The BLM strives to maintain a herd of approximately 100 animals.

      McCullough Peaks wild horses represent many coat and color patterns and are known for their variety. The animals are moderate to large in size and usually in superb physical condition. Typical coat colors include brown, black, chestnut, sorrel, white, buckskin, palomino, gray, blue, red and strawberry roans. Patterns such as piebald and skewbald are common.

      The BLM National Wild Horse and Burro Program provides for adoption of wild horses and burros removed from public lands. Legal transfer of the animals take place after the BLM determines they have been properly cared for during the initial adoption year. The 1971 Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burros Act provides for the animals’ protection, control and management. Subsequent laws, including the 1978 Public Rangelands Improvement Act, define responsibilities for monitoring and balancing rangeland values, including wild horses.

(Animals) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hot Springs State Park

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Wyoming, Hot Springs County, Thermopolis

In the foreground across the river are the Rainbow Terraces formed of mineral deposits called travertine. The Big Spring produces 127° mineral water and as it makes its way down the terraces the water temperature changes and different colors of algae and micro-organisms give the terraces its multi-colored look. The site was sacred to several Native American tribes and was used for bathing and conducting various ceremonies. Chief Washakie of the Shoshone and Chief Sharp Nose of the Arapahoe led the tribes in signing a treaty which gave the healing waters to the U.S. Government to be set aside for a National Park or Reserve and homesteads. Park facilities include group shelters, playgrounds, swimming pools, fountains, hotel accommodations and picnic areas. No entrance fee.

(Native Americans • Natural Features) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mobile National Cemetery

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Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile

National Cemetery
Mobile National Cemetery was established in May 1866 on 3 acres of land in Magnolia Cemetery. The City of Mobile donated the land to the federal government. The Cemetery was divided into four sections with a central flagstaff. It contained more than 900 burials. Remains were brought here from forts Morgan and Gaines, and cemeteries in Conecuh and Pollard in Conecuh County and Claiborne in Monroe County.

In the 1870s, the U.S. Army built a brick wall around the cemetery. A brick Second Empire-style lodge the superintendent and his family was erected in 1881. A decade later, a octagonal brick-and-iron rostrum was constructed for ceremonial events. In 1936, the government expanded the cemetery by purchasing 3 acres on the opposite side of Virginia Street. The remains of four Confederate soldiers are buried in that section.

Civil War Mobile
When the city of New Orleans fell in April 1862, Mobile became the last significant Confederate port on the Gulf of Mexico. A Union blockade failed to close the port, which was guarded by extensive fortifications at the mouth of Mobile Bay —forts Gaines, Morgan, and Powell. Mines, then called “torpedoes,” were strung across the bay. Three lines of earthworks protected the city’s west side, and earthworks stretching from the cities of Spanish Fort to Blakely defended the east.

In August 1864, Union Adm. David Farragut’s fleet charged past the forts. His eighteen ships overwhelmed Confederate vessels. Only the ironclad C.S.S. Tennessee remained in action. After the Tennessee surrendered, Farragut pounded the forts with artillery fire. Fort Morgan surrendered on August 23, 1864, yielding control of Mobile Bay to U.S. forces. The city did not surrender until the final days of the war in spring 1865.

Monuments and Markers
The 76th Illinois Infantry Monument was donated by surviving members of this regiment to honor men who died during the assault on Fort Blakely. It was dedicated on April 9, 1892, the anniversary of the fort’s surrender.
In 1940, the United Daughters of the Confederacy erected an interpretive marker in the cemetery tract added in 1836. It marks a remnant of the vast network of earthworks that protected the city during the war.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

History of the Garden

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Minnesota, Hennepin County, Minneapolis
“. . . a bit of natural growth is a source of greater delight to the true nature lover than the most beautiful and most highly cultivated garden” —Eloise Butler

Teacher and botanist Eloise Butler was the Garden's founder. Born in rural Maine, Eloise spent her youth roaming woods, meadows and bogs. Her love of the outdoors led her to become a botany teacher. She taught for 36 years in the Minneapolis school system and became known for taking students “botanizing” in the bogs of Glenwood Park. Eloise viewed wild plant hunting as a great adventure and frequently referred to herself as the “wild gardener.”

Birth of the Wild Botanic Garden. The Minneapolis Board of Park Commissioners acquired the land that is now the Wildflower Garden in 1889. Concerned about the rapid growth of the city and the resulting loss of native flora, Eloise Butler and several other botany teachers successfully petitioned the Board to create a natural botanic garden. The Wild Botanic Garden—three acres of bog, meadow and hillside fenced in Glenwood Park—opened on April 27,1907.

Eloise envisioned a garden that would serve “as a depot of supplies for the schools; as a resort for the lovers of wild nature; and to afford an opportunity to study botanical problems at first hand.” She worked to transplant specimens from across Minnesota so that visitors could see “representatives of the flora of our state” in a single location. She felt that, unlike other botanical gardens, which tend to create formal collections of plants in unnatural groupings, it was essential to maintain and foster the natural characteristics of the land that became the Wildflower Garden.

The First One Hundred Years.
1907—Founding of “Wild Botanic Garden”
1907—Over 170 plants species are identified in the three-acre garden
1911—Eloise Butler appointed first Garden Curator. Tens of thousands of native plants added to collection over the next 20 years.
1912—The Garden is expanded to 20 acres
1929—Garden renamed Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden
1929—Tornado destroys many tamaracks and changes character of wetland
1932—Eloise completes Mallard Point
1933—Eloise Butler dies of a heart attack in Garden at age 81. Martha Crone becomes a Curator
1940s—Martha Crone adds more than 42,000 during her tenure
1944—Clinton Odell donates funds to add prairie to Garden. Northern wetland area abandoned
1952—Friends of the Wild Flower Garden founded by Martha Crone and Clinton Odell
1959—Ken Avery assumes Head Gardener position upon Martha Crone’s retirement
1965—Prescribed burns are used to manage prairie for first time in Garden’s history
1969—Visitors Shelter is built with funds from the Friends of the Wild Flower Garden and named in honor of Martha Crone
1977–79—Almost 200 mature elm trees are lost to Dutch elm disease. Due to over-exposure to sunlight, many woodland wildflowers die
1984—Garden Naturalists are added to staff
1987—Cary George becomes Head Gardener. Removal of invasive species begins
1994—Prairie expanded by one acre. The Garden is now 15 acres
2004—Susan Wilkins become Garden Curator
2005—Ongoing efforts to remove invasive species. Emphasis on development of native and historic collections
2007—Garden celebrates its 100th anniversary

(Environment • Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bridger Road – Waltman Crossing

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Arminto

      Here the present-day highway crosses what remains of an all but forgotten road. That road led to the remote goldfields of western Montana, booming since 1862.

      The government, in 1859, ordered Captain W.F. Raynolds, Topographical Engineers, U. S. Army, to reconnoiter Rocky Mountain topography and potential routes leading to areas of indicated mineralization. Old Jim Bridger, noted explorer since fur trade days, was Raynolds’ guide. In 1864 official energy was still concentrated on the Civil War and that most famous of mountain-men laid out this road himself.

      The Oregon Trail was the trunk line of western roads. Although Montana’s mines lay far north of its course, further west - - - in Idaho - - - a branch-road turned off to those diggings. But that right-angle-turn added some 200 time-consuming, exhausting miles to the shortest feasible roadway. During 1863, John Bozeman had pioneered a road, east of the Big Horn Mountains and up the Yellowstone Valley, cutting across the angle, saving two weeks travel time. Still, by crossing Indian hunting grounds, his road increased the hazard of overland freight and travel.

      Bridger’s route - - - west of the Big Horns - - - reduced danger from Indian attacks while saving ten days time. But the Bridger Road was a compromise. It never was as well known as either of its alternatives. Later, it was important in the settlement of northwestern Wyoming.

(Exploration • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

“Committed to the Land”

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Wyoming, Natrona County, Arminto

      Large numbers of cattle populated this country prior to the devastating storms of the 1880’s. Sheep were far more profitable than cattle and sheep herds began to multiply. However, the terrible winter of 1919 and predators took their toll on the sheep industry.

      This land was heavily homesteaded when the federal government encouraged World War I veterans to populate the new west, offering 320 acres to anyone who asked. The climate proved too dry for even the dry land wheat that many settlers planted and they eventually sold out to livestock interests that remain dominant today. Because of arid conditions early ranchers developed many small reservoirs to capture whatever precipitation came from snow runoff or thunderstorms. It was not until the 1950’s that electricity finally came to the area making possible the drilling of water wells.

      Making a living in the early agriculture of this area of Wyoming meant being self-reliant. Going to town was, at best, a once a month venture. According to one rancher, whose father homesteaded in this area and who now operates over 60,000 acres of federal, state and deeded lands, it was a fantastic way of life for his six children and wife, “but you got to be committed to the land.” These challenges and this commitment remain for today’s ranchers.

(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ector County Discovery Well

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Texas, Ector County, near Penwell
The discovery of Oil in Ector County December 28, 1926, marked the beginning of a new economic era for this region.

The first Well, " J.S. Cosden No.1-A W.E. Connell ", was named for the driller and owner of land. Its meager initial output of 38 barrels per day did not cause much excitement, but experts insisted that vast oil deposits lay under area (Permian Basin).

In 1929, Robert Penn's Gusher catapulted Odessa to boom-town fame. Oil has sustained the area economy since then, although the discovery Well was plugged and abandoned in 1940.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark – 1967

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Caprock

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Texas, Ector County, near Odessa
A range of flat-topped ridges and cliffs stretching from Texas panhandle to 20 miles south of this point and extending into New Mexico. The name also refers to tough limestone that caps ridges. Rising sharply 200 to 1,000 ft. above plains. This section, Concho Bluffs, marks western edge of Caprock escarpment. Called the "Break of the plains" because it divides the staked plains from the north central plains of Texas.

Observed by Coronado's expedition, 1540-1540, provided shelter in storms, but delayed entrance of settlers to staked plains. Herds of stampeding cattle at times plunged over its edge. In the area, the Caprock blocked eastbound wagons, including some from California gold fields in 1850's. Because of scarce surface water, staked plains were too dry for farming or ranching until wells were drilled and windmills installed.

Ridges and canyons here hindered railroad building. In 1881 workmen earned $2.50 a day-highest wages ever paid until then on a Texas railroad job-at "Colt's Big Rock Cut" (the mile-wide, 17-ft. chasm visible here). A tragic accident with dynamite injured several of Colt's men and killed three. Their graves, known to the pioneers around Odessa, were on a hill northeast of the tracks, but cannot now be found.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark – 1967

(Environment • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Mormon Trail

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Iowa, Adair County, Orient

Determined and authenticated by
the Historical Department of Iowa, 1911.

This monument was erected in 1917 by
the Iowa Daughters of the American Revolution
in memory of the pioneers who followed
this trail and its tributaries.

We cross the prairie as of old
the pilgrims crossed the sea,
to make the West as they the East
the homestead of the free.

The western boundary of Iowa
would be at this point had the
Constitution of 1844 been adopted.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oregon Trail Ruts

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Wyoming, Platte County, Guernsey
has been designated a
Registered National
Historic Landmark

Under the provisions of the
Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1935
this site possesses exceptional value
in commemorating or illustrating
the history of the United States.

U.S. Department of the Interior
National Park Service
1966

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Veterans Memorial

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Iowa, Adair County, Orient

This flag display has been erected by the Bank of Memories Museum in proud and grateful memory of American soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen and especially those who laid down their lives in all quarters of this earth, that other peoples might be freed from oppression.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Oregon Trail Memorial

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Wyoming, Platte County, Guernsey
Dedicated to the
pioneers of Wyoming
Register Cliff
acquired by the
State of Wyoming
through gift of the
Henry Frederick
family
1932

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Custom House

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Massachusetts, Salem

Inside this impressive building were the offices of the United States Customs Service collectors, inspectors, and other officials. It was here that ship’s captains and owners paid duties on imported goods and conducted other business.

Before the passage of the Federal Income Tax Act of 1913, customs duties on ship’s cargoes provided most of the money to run the Federal Government. Between 1789 and 1840, duties collected here earned the Treasury more than $20 million – a substantial amount in those days.

Salem’s Custom House was one of several in Massachusetts. It was built in 1819, near the end of the height of Salem’s East Indies trade. However, international cargoes continued to enter the port until the early 20th century, and so the Customs Service operated in this building for more than a century. Today the Custom House has historically furnished rooms and exhibits.

”Here, before his own wife has greeted him, you may greet the sea-flushed ship-master, just in port, with his vessel´s papers under his arm, in a tarnished tin box.” - Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Custom House” introduction to The Scarlet Letter, 1850

Captions:
Custom House First Floor

In the painting below, U.S. Customs Service employees take measurements of imported goods on Derby Wharf about 1820. The gauger (left) determines the liquid content of casks, while the weigher loads sacks on the portable scales. In the background stands the newly-built Custom House, a symbol of Federal authority.

By presidential appointment, author Nathaniel Hawthorne served as the Port of Salem's Surveyor from 1846-1849. It was here that Hawthorne conceived his famous novel, The Scarlet Letter: “it was the subject of my meditations for many an hour while pacing to and fro across my room, or traversing, with a hundred-fold repetition, the long extent from the front-door of the Custom-house to the side-entrance, and back again.”

(Arts, Letters, Music • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

An Eccentric Vision

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United Kingdom, Scotland, Scottish Borders, Bemersyde


An eccentric vision

Along this path a dramatic statue of William Wallace gazes out across the Tweed. This is just one of a number of features in the area built by David Stuart Erskine, the 11th Earl of Buchan: if you continue down the hill you can find another, the enchanting Temple of the Muses. The path to the statue is about on third a mile, (ten to fifteen minutes' walk) with a good surface all the way.

The Earl was a vain, eccentric man, but he was passionate about conserving and recording anything to do with Scotland and its heroes. He was fascinated by the Greek mythology too, and once held a party in his drawing room where he dressed up as the god of Apollo on Mount Parnassus, with nine maidens to play the part of the Muses in attendance.

He commissioned local sculptor John Smith of Darrick to carve the statue, which was unveiled in 1814 on 22 September: the anniversary of Wallace's great victory at the battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. It seems to be the earliest monument to Wallace, that legendary symbol of Scottish patriotism.

(Patriots & Patriotism) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Blues Trail: Paramount Records

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Wisconsin, Ozaukee County, Grafton

Side A:
Many of the most important recordings in blues history were made at the studio of Paramount Records, located here on the grounds of the Wisconsin Chair Company factory. Between 1929 and 1932 Mississippi-born blues pioneers including Charley Patton, Tommy Johnson, Skip James, Son House, the Mississippi Sheiks, Willie Brown and Henry Townsend traveled north to record here.

Side B:
Paramount Records was founded by the Wisconsin Chair Company in 1917, during an era when 78rpm records were often sold at furniture stores to promote sales of phonographs and phonograph cabinets. A pressing plant was established at this location, and recordings were initially produced at its New York Recording Laboratories studio in New York City, and by the early 1920s at the Marsh Laboratories in Chicago, where African American producer J. Mayo Williams supervised many recordings. In 1929 a studio was opened at the facility in Grafton.

Paramount recorded a wide range of music, but today is most famous for the blues recordings it began making in 1922. Mamie Smith's 1920 hit, "Crazy Blues" on OKeh Records, had alerted record companies to the sales potential of female American American blues vocalists, and Paramount followed suit by recording leading vaudeville women including Ma Rainey and Ida Cox. In 1926 Paramount introduced a new phase in blues recording history when the success of its releases by Blind Lemon Jefferson and Blind Blake revealed a market for male singers who accompanied themselves on guitar. The label's catalogue also featured the New Orleans jazz sounds of Jelly Roll Morton and religious recordings by the Reverend J.M. Gates, the Norfolk Jubilee Quartet, and others.

To locate talent in the South, Paramount employed field agents, including H.C. Speir, who owned a furniture and music store in Jackson, Mississippi. Speir canvassed the state for talent, made test recordings, and helped to arrange for artists to travel north to record. The most significant of his discoveries was Delta blues pioneer Charley Patton, who recorded over forty songs for Paramount. Other Mississippi-born artists who recorded for the label included Tommy Johnson and Ishmon Bracey, the most important bluesmen in the Jackson area; Henry Townsend, who became a leading bluesman in St. Louis; and Robert Johnson's mentor Son House, who traveled with Patton, Willie Brown, and Louise Johnson by car to a historic session in Grafton in 1930.

With the arrival of the Great Depression record sales declined significantly, and in the summer of 1932 Paramount closed its studio. The factory shut its doors the following year. Paramount subsequently achieved legendary status among historians and record collectors, including John Steiner, who purchased the label in the late 1940s, and John Tefteller, who decades later uncovered a treasure trove of Paramount advertising images. The Grafton Blues Association, founded in 2006 to celebrate Paramount's legacy, staged the first annual Paramount Blues Festival that year.

Photo captions:
(Top Left)
In 1929 Paramount released Charley Patton's second single, "Screamin' and Hollerin' the Blues," under the pseudonym "Masked Marvel." To promote the record in the Chicago Defender, a nationally distributed African American newspaper, the label created a mail-in contest in which customers who guessed Patton's name received a free Paramount record.

(Middle Left)
Paramount promoted its records with extensive newspaper advertising as well as catalogues, calendars, and a book of blues sheet music.

(Bottom Left)
Many ads for blues records such as "Guitar Boggie" by Blind Roosevelt Graves and Brother from Mississippi appeared in the Chicago Defender. The Graves brothers' music has been described as a predecessor to rock 'n' roll. This ad, originally published in the No. 2, 1929 Defender, is also among the images pictured in a series of blues calendars produced by record dealer-collector John Tefteller. The Port Washington Herald newspaper created the original illustrated ads. The home offices of Paramount and the Wisconsin Chair Company were in Port Washington.

(Top Right)
H.C. Speir, shown here in the late 1960s, worked as a talent scout for Paramount and other labels. Mississippi-born artists who recorded for Paramount included Skip James, the Mississippi Sheiks, Rube Lacey, Bogus Ben Covington, Geeshie Wiley, Gus Cannon (Banjo Joe), Lucille Bogan, Charley Taylor, Elvie Thomas, Henry Sims, and the Delta Big Four. (Photo courtesy Marsha Speir Pickard)

(Middle Right)
Henry Townsend (shown above in the mid-1940s) recalled that he stayed in this building at 1304 12th Avenue, which once housed the Bienlein (Central) Hotel, when he came from St. Louis to record for Paramount in 1931. Paramount's blues artists also stayed in boarding houses in Milwaukee. Townsend died on a return visit to Grafton on September 24, 2006, just hours after being honored on the newly unveiled Paramount Records Walk of Fame. He was the last surviving blues artist who had recorded for Paramount.

Welcome to one of the many sites on the Mississippi Blues Trail Visit us online at www.MSBluesTrail.org

Photos courtesy: Jim O'Neal, BluExtorica Archives, Grafton Blues Association, and John Tefteller. Research assistance: Kris Raymond and Alex van der Tuuk. Special thanks to the Grafton Area Chamber of Commerce and Cary Rentals.

The Mississippi Blues Trail traces the historical route of the blues from its Mississippi roots through its developments in other states. For more information Grafton's musical heritage, please visit the Paramount Plaza in downtown Grafton featuring the Paramount Records Walk of Fame.

(African Americans • Arts, Letters, Music • Entertainment • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Guernsey Pipeline Station

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Wyoming, Platte County, Guernsey

This sight points to the Guernsey Pipeline Station, jointly owned by the Platte Pipeline Company, the American Oil Company and the Continental Oil Company. Most of the structures under view were built in 1952 although, owing to the river’s favorable grade and south-easterly course, the first pipeline through this vicinity was delivering Platte Valley petroleum wealth to mid-western urban centers as early as 1918. Technologically, this station is capable of interchanging crude oil among several carrier lines and moving it south to Cheyenne and Denver or east to mid-continent refineries.

Aborigines, from the early foraging societies through the heyday of the Plains Tribes, exploited the North Platte Valley both as a route of travel and commerce and for its own natural wealth. But fur traders, conducting most of their operations further west in the mountains, were chiefly interested in the North Platte as a route of commerce; for covered wagon immigrants the Platte was only a necessarily traveled route lying between their past and their future; for pony express, stage and telegraph enterprises it was a pathway between inhabited regions wherein they provided the connecting links; livestockmen did exploit the valley’s riches but preferred that someone else provide transportational services; railroaders found some local business but that was incidental to their basic operation – the transcontinental haul.

Petroleum concerns, however, like the aborigines before them, have existed on both the valley’s natural wealth and its transportational potentials. They have exploited its availability as a route for commerce to increase the value of its products through delivery to areas of maximum demand.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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