Architetti [Architects]: F. Borromini (1599-1667) G. Rainaldi (1570-1655) C. Rainaldi (1611-1690)
Affreschi [Frescoes]: P. da Cortona (1596-1669) G. Brandi (1621-1691) F. Allegrini (1615/20-post 1679) G. Gimignani (1606-1681) A. Camassei (1602-1649) G. Dugher (1615-1675)
Franceso Borromini played a leading role in the ambitious project for the reorganisation of Piazza Navona, with the Pamphilj family residence and the new Church of St. Agnese in Agone [St. Agnes in Agony], thanks to the trust granted to him by Pope Innocent X Pamhilj. In fact, further to the restoration of San Giovanni in Laterano (undertaken by Borromini from 1646 to 1660), the Pope involved this Ticinese architect more and more frequently, and also summoned him for the project that he cared about most of all: to turn Piazza Navona into an authentic Court of the Pamphilj Family.
The square lay over the site of the Stadium of Domiziano (86 d.C.) built for the games (agones) in honour of Capitoline Jove; in the Renaissance it gradually became one of the most lively spots in the life of the city, with a market, fairs, workshops and numerous houses; it was adorned with monumental decorative works, and in the last quarter of the XVIth cent. it was regaled with the two fountains at either end designed by Giacomo della Porta. However it was only with the grandiose works promoted by Innocent X that a Baroque-style transformation of the square took place, with feats of architecture and urban design created by the greatest artists of the time. The Pamphilj family originally settled in the area towards the end of the XVth cent., when Antonio Pamphilj da Gubbio moved to Rome, and set up house in the old Piazza di Parone (now Piazza di Pasquino, at the back of Piazza Navona). In the years that followed, the family's estate extended along the western side of the square, and a significant contribution was made by Giovanni Battista Pamphilj: when he became Cardinal, he had the family residence enlarged and had the first palace built, with two façades, one overlooking Piazza di Pasquino and the other facing onto Piazza Navona. When Giovanni Battista was elected to become Pope in 1644, with the name of Innocent X, it was then possible to launch the ambitious plan to create a Pamphiljan "insula" around the most famous square in Rome. In order to enlarge the Pamphilj Palace, houses and buildings were purchased, although the new project did not envisage a total reconstruction but rather the rebuilding of most of the western side of the square along which the building had gradually spread, with a homogeneous façade that would unify the entire construction.
Work carried out between 1645 and 1648 was entrusted to Girolano Rainaldi and his son Carlo, but Borromini also was brought in on the project by the Pope, to supervise the two architects' activities. In 1646, the Ticinese architect was more directly involved in operations, and it was then that he proposed a series of designs for the façade and executed the roof of the central hall, raising the vault and designing the ceiling and the door; he also built the gallery on the northern side that runs along the entire length of the side of the palace facing onto Via dell'Anima and onto the square, with two "serliane" (mullioned three-lighted window with pediment), later decorated by Pietro da Cortona. The recurrent motif on the "serlaine" recalls a design in the imperial lodge of the ancient stadium where the emperor sat to watch the games, as well as in the lodge where the Pope gave his blessing, as appears in the fresco painted by Raphael of the Fire in the Borgo in the Vatican; the Pamphiljan building may therefore be classified as being an imperial palace as well as a Papal palace, in which the allusion of a continuity between ancient times and Christianity is impressive. In 1647, Borromini also submitted a design for the central fountain in the square, with an obelisk on a pedestal and four lion's heads, but it is a well-known fact that this project was outclassed by designs made by Bernini, who composed the grandiose Baroque stage-set that became the Four Rivers Fountain. In 1652, Innocent X decided to have the church next to the palace rebuilt, as a grand family chapel that would be his own burial place; work was initially entrusted to Girolamo Rainaldi, who was then replaced by Borromini. The latter partially accepted the plan designed by Rainaldi for the interior of the Church of St. Agnese, but he completely rebuilt the façade. To the right of the church stands the Collegio Innocenziano, founded for training all the young men born in the Pamphilj's estates in preparation for an ecclesiastical career; it was built according to a plan designed by Borromini (1654) that was partly modified.
Francesco Borromini fu uno dei protagonisti dell'ambizioso progetto per la sistemazione di piazza Navona, con la residenza della famiglia Pamphilj e la nuova chiesa di S. Agnese in Agone, grazie alla fiducia conquistata presso papa Innocenzo X Pamphilj. Dopo i restauri a S. Giovanni in Laterano (intrapresi da Borromini dal 1646 al 1660) infatti, il pontefice coinvolse sempre più spesso l'architetto ticinese, e lo chiamò anche per l'impresa che gli stava più a cuore: fare di piazza Navona una vera e propria corte dei Pamphilj.
La piazza sorse sull'area dello stadio di Domiziano (86 d.C.) destinato alle competizioni (agones) in onore di Giove Capitolino; nel Rinascimento si avviò a diventare uno dei luoghi più vivaci della vita cittadina, con mercato, fiere, botteghe e numerose abitazioni, e fu abbellita da opere di arredo monumentale, ricevendo nell'ultimo quarto del Cinquecento le due fontane laterali progettate da Giacomo della Porta. Tuttavia solo con i grandiosi lavori promossi da Innocenzo X ci fu la trasformazione barocca della piazza, con interventi architettonici e di arredo urbano ad opera delle maggiori personalità del tempo. Il primo insediamento dei Pamphilj nella zona risale alla fine del Quattrocento, quando Antonio Pamphilj da Gubbio si trasferì a Roma, stabilendosi nell'antica piazza di Parione (attuale piazza di Pasquino, alle spalle di piazza Navona). I possedimenti della famiglia si estesero negli anni successivi sul lato occidentale della piazza, con il particolare contributo di Giovanni Battista Pamphilj che, divenuto cardinale, fece ampliare la dimora di famiglia e fece construire il primo palazzo, con un doppio affaccio verso piazza di Pasquino e verso piazzo Navona; quando poi Giovanni Battista fu eletto papa nel 1644 col nome di Innocenzo X, si poté dare l'avvio all'ambizioso progetto di creare un'insula dei Pamphilj intorno alla più celebre piazza romana. Per l'ampliamento di palazzo Pamphilj furono acquistate case e palazzetti, anche se il nuovo progetto non contemplava un totale rifacimento bensì una riedificazione di gran parte del lato ovest della piazza su cui si era gradualmente esteso il fabbricato, con un prospetto omogeneo desinato ad unificare l'intera construzione.
Dei lavori che si svolsero tra il 1645 ed il 1648 furono incaricati Girolamo Rainaldi e suo figlio Carlo, ma anche Borromini fu inserito dal pontefice nel progetto, per supervisionare all'attività dei due architetti. Nel 1646 il ticinese fu coinvolto più direttamente nei lavori, propose allora una serie di progetti per la facciata ed eseguì la copertura del salone centrale, rialzandone la volta e disegnandone soffitto e porta, e construì la galleria sul lato nord, che attraversa l'intero spessore del palazzo, affacciata su via dell'Anima e sulla piazza con due serlaine, poi decorata da Pietro da Cortona. Il ricorrente motivo della serliana richiama il disegno della loggia imperiale del circo antico dalla quale il sovrano osservava i giochi, ed allo stesso tempo quello della loggia della benedizione papale, così come appare nell'affesco di Raffaello dell'Incendio di Borgo in Vaticano; l'edificio pamphiliano può essere identifcato dunque come palazzo imperiale ed insieme come palazzo pontificio, in cui suggestivo è il riferimento alla continuità tra l'antico e la cristianità. Nel 1647 Borromini fornì anche un disegno per la fontana centrale della piazza, con un obelisco posto su un piedistallo con quattro teste leonine, ma il progetto com'è noto fu surclassato da quello di Bernini, autore della grandiosa scenografia barocca della fontana dei Fiumi. Nel 1652 Innocenzo X decise di far riedificare la chiesa adiacente al palazzo, come cappella gentilizia per la propria sepoltura; i lavori furono inizialmente affidati a Girolamo Rainaldi, a cui subentrò Borromini. Questi accettò parzialmente l'interno rainaldiano della chiesa di S. Agnese, ma ne ricostruì completamente la facciata. Sul lato destro della chiesa è il Collegio Innocenziano, fondato per preparare alla vocazione ecclesiastica i giovani nati nei feudi Pamphilj; fu eseguito sulla base di un progetto di Borromini (1654), in parte modificato.
(Churches, Etc. • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
Route traveled by the men
Hometown Park can trace its existence back to at least the 1920s. In 1918, Hatfield and Mitchell Coal and Mining Company bought the Apha Mine located nearby on the Little Guano Creek. The mining
company provided a small piece of land as a place for recreational and leisurely activity for mine workers. The superintendent of the mining operation was William C. Mitchell, which led many to call
e park “Mitchell’s Grove” or, when shortened, “the Grove.”
The earliest export industry of the Kanawha River Valley
revolved around the manufacturing of salt. Though the
discovery of coal veins in Putnam County dates back to at
least 1800, for most of the nineteenth century these coal deposits supplied only limited amounts of coal for the region's salt furnaces and for the steamboats on the river. Commercial mining did not take hold in Putnam County until the end of the nineteenth century.
Route traveled by the men
Marked by the
The first submarine successfully used in warfare was completed at this site in 1863. Designed by James McClintock and Baxter Watson, and financed by Horace L. Hunley, it was built by W. A. Alexander at the Mobile machine shop of Park and Lyons. After trials in Mobile River and Bay it was sent by rail to Charleston, where, on February 17th, 1864, it sank the U.S.S. Housatonic.
This memorial is dedicated
In the fall of 1817 Reverend Alexander Travis settled his affairs in South Carolina and immigrated to Conecuh County, where, in the spring of 1818, Beulah Baptist Church was constituted. In rapid succession, Travis’ firm resolve and his devotion to the Gospel of Christ led to the successful constituting of other churches in Conecuh County including Belleville, Burnt Corn, Brooklyn, Owassa (now Olive Branch), and Evergreen, as well as others in the surrounding counties and even in Florida.
Little River was the home of Creek Chief William Weatherford, also known as War Chief Red Eagle. This was the area of much discussion and debate, bringing the Creeks into the War of 1812 and the Creek Civil War of 1813-1814. These events weighed heavily in the land forfeiture in the Treaty of Fort Jackson (Toulouse) in 1814. Weatherford surrendered to Andrew Jackson, ceding away the largest single tract of land in Alabama. This treaty set the stage for the forced Creek removal (Trail of Tears) of the 1830s. Alabama remains the home of many Creek Indians today, including the Poarch Band of Creek Indian reservation in Escambia County.
Near this site, on May 5-7, 1814, British naval forces entered Oswego Harbor and conducted an amphibious assault on Fort Ontario and the Village of Oswego. Lieutenant Colonel George Mitchell, commanding 290 men of the 3rd U.S. Artillery Regiment and a Light Artillery company, 20 sailors from the USS Growler and the local militia at Fort Ontario, fought off one landing attempt and stubbornly resisted a second and final successful British attack before retreating south up the Oswego River to Oswego Falls, now Fulton.
Union cavalrymen, under General Thomas Devin, advanced across this wooded ground twice on April 1, 1865. In the morning they tested the strength of the Southerners' defenses north of here along White Oak Road. The Union soldiers were thrown back by intense Confederate rifle and cannon fire.
Erected 1849 on land donated by Cornelius and John Wallis. During Civil War church was used as a hospital. Entered National Register of Historic Places May 8, 1986.
In 1886 the U.S. Army exiled 400 Apaches from the Southwest to Florida and sent most of them to Fort Marion in St. Augustine. Several Pensacola citizens, however, petitioned the government to imprison Geronimo, a medicine man and warrior, and 15 other Apache men at Fort Pickens instead, separating them from their families. Prisoners worked seven-hour days, clearing overgrown weeds, planting grass, and stacking cannonballs. The families were reunited at Fort Pickens in 1887. One year later all of the imprisoned Apaches were moved to Mobile because of a yellow fever scare and later to Fort Sill in Oklahoma Territory.
The hub of Kenner city government was built in 1926 to house the Town Hall, jail, and courthouse. In 1956, City Hall moved. The jail and courthouse relocated in 1970. Today it houses the Kenner Office of Tourism.
