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The Perot Malting Elevator

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo

Image Source: Historic American Engineering Record. Jet Lowe, photographer, 1994.

The perot Company, a business dating back to the late 1600s in Philadelphia, relocated its operations to Buffalo in 1907. The company commissioned the construction of a malt house and 300,000 bushel elevator by the James Stewart Company. In 1933, an additional 300,000 bushels of storage was added to the elevator by the Monarch Engineering Company.

The elevator was constructed without any marine legs, despite the malting company's desirable riverside location. Between 1907 and 1922, the malt house received all its barley via railroad. In 1922, an agreement was struck between the American Elevator and Perot that allowed the American to handle water-borne shipments for the Perot. Perot's barley shipments were conveyed from the American via an overhead belting system.

Perot Malting continued as Buffalo's largest malt house until 1962, when the facility was sold. It has since gone through a succession of owners. As of 2010, the elevator is idle, but is maintained for future use.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Petersburg Battlefields

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Virginia, Dinwiddie County, near Petersburg

"We have set what we call Johnny catchers ... long poles set into the ground with the upper end about as high as a man's head and they are so thick that a rabbit could not crawl through."—Corp. Andrew W. Burwell, 5th Wisconsin Infantry, USA

"The breastworks behind which stood the brave army in blue appeared to be as impenetrable by any force which Lee could send against them as is a modern ironclad to the missiles from an ordinary field battery."—Gen. John B. Gordon, CSA

The Union army extended its line of fortifications in the fall of 1864, including the classic examples of an earthwork defensive system preserved by the Petersburg National Battlefield. In addition to the obstructions placed in front of the main earthworks—the Civil War version of barbed wire described by Corp. Burwell—Union engineers devised a complex series of enclosed forts, artillery batteries, and infantry works, or "curtains," to create a system of mutually supporting fire.

This stretch of the line includes Fort Welch, Battery XXVI, and infantry breastworks that you may visit by walking along Petersburg National Battlefield's path to the left and right of this exhibit. Union forts, accessible by a ramp or sally port located at the rear, featured a dry moat and housed a garrison of infantry and artillery pieces located in fixed firing positions. Batteries were open in the rear and often included traverses—works perpendicular to the main line to limit the effects of incoming shells. Breastworks for infantry connected these positions, making for an integrated defense that deterred all but the most desperate efforts.

(captions))
Although the earthen portions of these fortifications remain in remarkably good condition, the wooden elements rotted away long ago. Courtesy Library of Congress

The exterior of the Federal works included a dry ditch or moat, abatis, and fraise (pointed stakes inclined toward the enemy), all designed to slow down attackers at point blank range for defenders. — Courtesy Library of Congress

The Union army's ever-growing line of works was well documented by military cartographers. Courtesy Library of Congress

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lafayette Museum

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Louisiana, Lafayette Parish, Lafayette
Established 1954
by
Les Vingt-Quatre
Home of Louisiana's
first Democratic Governor
Alexandre Mouton (1804-1882)
Built prior to 1836

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Augusta In Civil War

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Kentucky, Bracken County, Augusta
By Sept. 1862 6,000 Union troops had gone from this district. Only 100 Home Guards left, under Col. Bradford. On Sept. 27, Col. Duke with 350 Morgan Raiders attacked. Guards secreted in houses fought until Raiders penetrated area, burned and cannonaded houses. CSA losses of men and ammunition forced return to Falmouth and abandonment of raid into Ohio.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St. John's Episcopal Church

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Tennessee, Maury County, Columbia

Erected in 1842 for worship and spiritual instruction of white and negro people. Built under supervision of the Rt. Rev. Leonidas Polk, Bishop of Louisiana, on land given by him and with labor and materials contributed by him and his brothers, R.K. Polk, G.W. Polk, L.J. Polk, and Dr. W.J. Polk. Delivered into care and custody of the Bishop of Tenn. As the property of the Diocese of Tenn.

Consecrated Sept. 4, 1842, by RT. Rev. James Hervey Otey, D.D, Bishop of Tenn., assisted by Bishop Polk.

Bishop Otey, whose remains rest in the church-yard, was born Jan. 27, 1800 at Liberty Va.; elected First Bishop of Tenn. June 1833; consecrated in Christ Church, Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1834. Died April 23, 1863, in Memphis, Tenn.

At the Battle of Franklin in Nov. 1864, the following Confederate Generals were killed, and, among others were buried in St. John's church-yard by Chaplain Charles Todd Quintard, M.D., their bodies afterward being removed to their respective states:

Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne
Brig. Gen. H.B. Granberry
Brig. Gen. O.R. Stahl
Brig. Gen. S.R. Gist

Annal pilgrimages, held on the last Sunday in May with services led by Bishop of Tenn., were initiated in 1921.

Custody and upkeep of the property is in charge of St. John's Association, organized May 25, 1924. Rt. Rev. James M. Maxon, D.D. President; Wm. Dudley Gale, Treas.

This memorial erected in 1947 by
Diocese of Tennessee
St. John's Association
Tennessee Historical Commission

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sam Watkins

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Tennessee, Maury County, near Columbia
Samuel Rush Watkins and his wife, Virginia (Jenny) Mayes Watkins, who worshipped here at Zion Presbyterian Church, are buried in the cemetery. In his book Company Aytch: or, a Side Show of the Big Show, Watkins left an incomparable memoir of his experiences as a rank-and-file soldier during the Civil War.

Watkins left his home a few miles west of here when the war began, enlisted in the 3rd Tennessee Infantry, and then transferred to Co. H (the Maury Grays), 1st Tennessee Infantry. He fought in the battles of Shiloh, Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, Franklin, and Nashville, among others. Of the 120 men who enlisted in Co. H in 1861, Watkins was one of only 7 remaining when Confederate Gen. Joseph Johnston's Army of Tennessee surrendered to Union Gen. William T. Sherman in April 1865.

Watkins first published Company Aytch as a serial in the Columbia Herald newspaper. Issued in book form in 1882, Company Aytch had a production run of only 2,000 copies. Watkins father, Frederick Henry Watkins, provided the money with understanding that he would receive "first fruits" from the book's sales.

Filmmaker Ken Burns boosted the popularity of Company Aytch when he used selections from it in his groundbreaking 1990 documentary, The Civil War. In 2007, Watkins's great-grand-daughter published an expanded edition with hand-written notes from his original copy.

"America has no North, no South, no East, no West. The sun rises over the hills and sets over the mountains, the compass just points up and down, and we can laugh now at the absurd notion of there being a north and a south. We are one and undivided."—Pvt. Sam R. Watkins, Co. H, 1stTennessee Infantry

(sidebar)
Zion Presbyterian Church (built 1847-1849) serves Maury County's oldest active congregation. The adjoining cemetery contains more than 1,500 graves, including veterans of the Revolutionary, Mexican, and Civil War.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Opelousas

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Louisiana, Saint Landry Parish, Opelousas
(English side)
Poste des Opelousas founded by French traders middle of 18th century. Headquarters district of Opelousas under Spanish 1769. Parish seat of "Old Imperial St. Landry" 1808. State Capital 1862-1863.

(French side)
Poste des Opelousas etabli par des commercants francais au milieu du XVIIIe. Quartier General de la region des Opelousas en 1769 sous les Espagnols. Chef~lieu du "Vieux St~Landry Imperial", 1808. Capitale de l'etat, 1862~63.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Opelousas

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Louisiana, Saint Landry Parish, Opelousas
After the Union occupation of New Orleans and surrounding territory in the spring of 1862 the state offices were moved to Opelousas. From here Governor Thomas Moore issued an address to the people urging them to continue the struggle, and the state legislature met here in December, 1862. But in January 1863, rumored Federal offensives caused the removal of the Capital to Shreveport. On April 20 Union forces occupied Opelousas but soon left to take part in the first Red River campaign.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Semmes Battery

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Louisiana, Saint Landry Parish, Sunset
In memory of two unknown soldiers of Semmes Battery 1st Confederate Light Artillery who lost their lives on 10/15/1863 during the Battle of Little Carrion Crow Bayou. Their names may have been forgotten but their devotion to duty and country have not. Erected by the LA. Society Order of Confederate Rose 2002.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Jackrabbit

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
True plains rabbit. Lives only in the west. Burro-like ears gave him his name. Color is protective, blending with sand and dry grass. Very long legs make him a swift runner, clocked at speeds to 45 miles and hour. Object of hunts with Greyhounds.

Was prized by plains Indians for food and fur. To white man a reminder of desert-hard life. In drouth and depression, meat source for thousands.

Subject of tall tales. Actual hero of world's only Jackrabbit Rodeo, in Odessa, May 1932. (see other side)

(Animals) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

World's First Championship Jackrabbit Roping

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Contest began as “hare-brained” publicity stunt during 1932 annual Odessa Rodeo. Held at 3rd and Grant Street site despite objections from out-of-town do-gooders. Local sheriff opposed event but mayor and judge ruled no violation of Texas law. Cowgirl Grace Hendricks roped rabbit from horseback in five seconds flat winning over numerous male competitors. Notorious contest revived in 1977 causing coast-to-coast outcry. Midland animal lover delayed action by liberating captive jackrabbits. Event proceeded on schedule when former prisoners returned at feeding time. Seven ropers competed on foot. Jack Torian placed first with a six second scamper. In 1978 Humane Society blocked all future ropings with court order.

(Animals) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ector County Public Schools

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Earliest public schools in county met in land office, courthouse and church 1890-99. First school building in Odessa at 6th & Texas used 1899-1909. Baker and Judkins districts also had early school buildings. In 1909 new school built at 10th & Lee. Special act of legislature in 1921 consolidated 7 common schools into Ector County Independent School District. Oil boom in 1926 created HS addition to 1909 school in 1927. Pupils increased 209 to 700 in 2 years. New HS completed in 1929 at 10th & Sam Houston, serving to 1947. Used as Odessa and Crockett JHS to 1982. School Admin building used 1948 – present. By 1986 district enrolled over 26,000 students on 35 modern school campuses.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Henderson House

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Built in 1916 at Grant and Pearl Streets by pioneer drug store owner and postmaster W.T. Henderson, Sr. (1886-1960) and his wife Burmah Adele Lambert (1887-1964). In 1925 the house was moved to this address in the first neighborhood developed north of the original townsite. Constructed of salvaged lumber, the two bedroom frame house exemplifies American Bungalow Style. The solid wood walls, pine floors, nine-foot ceilings and columned porch are typical of the era. A large living room held Burmah's piano where family and friends gathered to dance. Until 1992 four generations of the Henderson family resided here at different times, including W.T., Jr. and his wife Dorothy Louise Hines, avid civic supporters and owners of Odessa Camera Center.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mrs. John L. Morris

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Originator, promoter of the Globe of the Great Southwest, world's most nearly authentic replica of the Globe theater in England made famous by the plays of William Shakespeare.

Mrs. Morris was educated at North Texas State University and joined the English faculty at Odessa college. In 1961 the college named her "Teacher of the Year." She was honored 1961 as an outstanding teacher in Texas colleges.

She also founded the Permian Basin Museum and area "Writers' Roundup" contest, both of which are sponsored by Odessa college. Outstanding women of Texas series-1967

(Arts, Letters, Music • Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Odessa College

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Established through efforts of Odessa Townsite Co., which gave $12,000; a northern Methodist group matched this fund in 1888.

Rev. M. A. Daugherty, Pittsburgh, Pa., was placed in charge, and a 20-acre plot was alloted to the college. Erection of a 2-story building began in 1890. In 1891 classes for 14 students were taught by Miss Alice Wright, of Maine. A "Mystery" fire destroyed the college after one session.

This church-sponsored college was never rebuilt. In 1946, the new Odessa college was founded to fulfill aims of leadership in education. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark-1967

(Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of The Dawson Saloon

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Frontier business of S.T. (Tol) and E.F. (Lish) Dawson, brothers. Lish Dawson, 1891-92 Sheriff of Ector County, had a barber chair in the Saloon, and helped tend bar. Liquor was in 40-gallon barrels. Ice for drinks was hauled from Great Lakes by Texas & Pacific Railroad.

To avoid township restriction on liquor sales, Dawson moved saloon to the street; Tol was brought to trial for this.

"White Ribboners"—Clubwomen—opposed saloons. In the face of their strong opposition, Lish Dawson lost his office, and the business was closed.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Petersburg Battlefields

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Virginia, Dinwiddie County, Petersburg
"When a man is on picket at night he is monarch of all he surveys. No one living has more absolute power than he. His word is law."—Corp. Lewis Bissell, 2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery, USA

"I have seen veterans of three full years who have faced death incessantly who believe in the southern cause as sincerely as I do, finally be conquered by gnawing hunger and desert to the enemy. I hate the idea, but I won't criticize."—Sgt. James E. Whitehorne, 12th Virginia Infantry, CSA

Daily freezing and thawing rendered the roads around Petersburg impassable during the winter of 1864-1865, bringing large-scale campaigning to a temporary halt. Both armies remained vigilant, however, and maintained a continuous line of pickets to provide early warning of any significant attacks and to prevent the enemy from gaining positions of observation. These pickets conducted their own brand of warfare for months, a routine that included periodic raids, unauthorized commerce, and desertion.

Here on the Jones Farm the opposing picket lines were in plain view, as soldiers from both armies systematically cut down the remaining trees to provide firewood for their camps. Duty on the picket line could be dangerous. Whenever officers desired to update their intelligence about enemy activities, they authorized nocturnal raids that netted prisoners from the picket force. Officers outlawed trading with the enemy, but the rank and file skirted such regulations as often as possible. Confederates often swapped tobacco for Union coffee. Desertion proved more problematical. Hundreds of Confederates, discouraged by inedaquate rations and pessimism from the home front, crossed to the Union picket line seeking a personal end to their war. Surprisingly, many northern soldiers deserted as well, having collected generous enlistment bounties with little intention of actually serving.

(captions)
This contemporary drawing illustrates a typical vista across the opposing battle lines at Petersburg. Here the main lines were separated by nearly a mile of alternately muddy and dusty no-man's land guarded by opposing lines of pickets. — Courtesy Library of Congress

Less than half a mile from here, the Federals built this 125-foot-high signal tower behind their main lines. Soldiers with telescopes could see for miles from the top. Courtesy Library of Congress

(Military • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ukrainian Immigrants

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North Dakota, Stark County, Belfield

      From the populated villages of Ukraine to the unsettled regions of North Dakota, the Ukrainian immigrants came here at the end of the 19th century. They emigrated from the “Bread Basket of Europe” to the virgin sodland yet untouched by man – from a region of warm climate to an area where long winters lay life dormant. Yet within a span of a lifetime, they developed here in Dakota a farming empire undreamed of by man.
The Ukrainian Pioneer Cross is dedicated to these hardy men and women. June 1974.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Culloden Battlefield

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United Kingdom, Scotland, Invernesshire, near Culloden

The Battle
of Culloden
was fought on this Moor
16th April 1746
_____________________

The graves of the
gallant highlanders
who fought for
Scotland & Prince Charlie,
are marked by the names
of their clans.

Includes location, directions, 24 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Witch Gaol

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Massachusetts, Essex County, Salem

Here stood the Salem gaol
built in 1684, used until 1813
razed in 1957
--------
During the witchcraft
persecution of 1692, many
of the accused were
imprisoned here. One of
them, the aged Giles
Cory (b. 1611), was pressed
to death on these grounds.

(Colonial Era • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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