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Friedensau

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Nebraska, Thayer County, Deshler
Located three miles north of this corner, near the Little Blue River, the village of Friedensau ("Peaceful Meadows") was established in 1874 by Lutheran missionary pastor John J. Kern. The town was first settled by his former parishioners from Indiana and Illinois.

In 1885, according to a book written by Kern, there were approximately seventy inhabitants in Friedensau and the surrounding areas. There were two German Lutheran churches, a school, post office, water-powered grist mill, lumber yard, hotel, livery stable, blacksmith shop and a number of other small businesses.

As late as the fall of 1886, it was expected that the Rock Island Railroad would be extended from Fairbury through Hebron, Friedensau, Kiowa, Oak and Nelson. However, due to the influence of area landowner John G. Deshler, the railroad was routed east through his property. After the railroad reached Deshler in 1887, the buildings in Friedensau were moved over the fenceless prairie and relocated in Deshler. Only the Trinity Lutheran Church and its cemetery remain in the Friedensau area today.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of The Odessa Sanitarium

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Established in 1886 by Odessa Townsite Company, the Odessa Medical and Surgical Sanitarium was directed by Dr. R.E. Haughton, a former railroad physician from Indiana. It was located in a two-story wooden structure of twenty rooms.

By March 1890 the project had failed. Dr. Haughton moved to Midland. The building became a haven for migrant families. A portion was used as a church.

When Ector County was created in January 1891, the sanitarium was moved several blocks and became the first Ector County Courthouse.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, 1967

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Saint Joseph Sanitarium and Bath House

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Michigan, Macomb County, Mount Clemens

(Side 1)
Opened in 1899, the Saint Joseph Sanitarium and Bath House is the only building remaining from the Mount Clemens bath era. Beginning in 1870, people suffering from rheumatism, blood poisoning, diabetes and skin diseases, among other ailments, sought the curative powers of the baths. The city was hailed as "The Great Health & Pleasure Resort of Michigan." By 1911 the city boasted 78 hotels and 11 bath houses. Elegant and modern, Saint Joseph Sanitarium sported parlors, a library, steam heat, electric lighting, and a hydraulic elevator. It offered mineral baths until 1952.

(Side 2)
In 1900 the Sisters of Charity of Mount Saint Joseph established a fifty-bed hospital in the Saint Joseph Sanitarium and Bath House, which they operated. That same year, the director, Sister Immaculata D'Arcambal, founded one of the first state-licensed nurse training programs here. Saint Joseph's eventually became the major hospital between Detroit and Port Huron. The present structure comprises the original Colonial Revival building, designed by local architect Theopholus Van Damme, and several additions. In 1990 Saint Joseph's was transferred to the Sisters of Mercy.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The White-Pool House

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Charles White (1824-1905) moved his family here from Indiana seeking new business opportunities and a drier climate for his wife's health. With the aid of his sons Wilfred Walton White and Herbert Haughton White, he constructed this two-story brick residence in 1887, four years before the organization of Ector County. They modeled the home after their house in Indiana, adapting the style to the available building materials of the area. White farmed his 640-acre tract and also owned a mercantile store on the courthouse square.

White's original tract, sold following his death, was divided by later real state transactions. In 1923 the house and fifty acres were purchased by Oso William Pool (B.1891) who had homesteaded land in New Mexico prior to his service in World War I.

During the housing shortage created by the area oil boom of 1927, Pool converted his residence into apartments and subdivided the surrounding land for sale as individual lots. Later that year he married Helen Augutha Voss and they occupied the front part of the house. They moved in 1929, but member of the Pool family retained possession of the home until Oso Pool donated it to the county in 1977.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark – 1980

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Childers Classical Institute

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene
Abilene Christian University began as an educational institution on this block known as the West End residential area. In 1906, Allen Booker Barret, a Tennessee educator and preacher, and five trustees purchased land and a house from Col. John W. Childers. That fall, President Barret, his brother W.S., and Charles H. Roberson opened Childers Classical Institute. The first class comprised 25 students, with 50 enrolling during the school year. In 1920, the institute’s name changed to Abilene Christian College and in 1929, moved to its current site. The college grew slowly at first, but today, thousands of students are enrolled at Abilene Christian University, more than 100 years after its founding.

(Education) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First School Washington Parish

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Louisiana, Washington Parish, Franklinton
Some 300 yards West of here on John Bankston’s Creek near spring stood log cabin where bachelor Matt McCain taught school for children of pioneer settlers in summers.

(Education • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Grace Episcopal Church

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Louisiana, West Feliciana Parish, St. Francisville
As one of Louisiana's oldest Protestant Churches, its history began in 1827 in St. Francisville; Investiture came in 1829, with Bishop Polk's Visitation in 1839. Shelled during Civil War, the Church began, rebuilt, with final restoration in 1880's.

(Churches, Etc. • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Standard Elevator

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo

Image Source: The American Engineering Historical Record. Jet Lowe, photographer, 1985.

The Standard Elevator stands next to the Buffalo River, immediately upstream of the Ohio Street Bridge. It was built in two phases of development. It was designed by the A.E. Baxter Engineering Company, and built in 1928 by the James Stewart Company. The 3,000,000 bushel facility was to be part of a large flour milling complex. However, the plans were scaled down, and only the elevator was built. It served as a transfer elevator, supplying Standard's Seneca Street flour mill and other mills.

In 1940, the Standard Company revived its original plans to build a mill and an annex to the elevator on the site. Once again, however, the plans were not completed, and only the 2,000,000 bushel elevator annex was added in 1942.

When the Standard Mill closed in 1985, he elevator was sold to the Pillsbury Company to replace the closed Great Northern Elevator. The elevator was later sold to Archer-Daniels Midland, and as of 2010 continues to supply their flour mill on Ganson Street.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Weather Bureau Building

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene
This structure was completed for the Abilene office of the United States Weather Bureau in 1909. The interior contained living quarters and an observatory for the administrator. The first official in charge here was W.H. Green, who served until 1944. Area weather services were later moved to the airport and the building was used for storage and for business school classes. The exterior features detailing of several architectural styles.

Recorded Texas Historic Landmark – 1980

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Guitar Mansion

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene
John and Laura Hudson Guitar of Missouri moved to Abilene in 1898. John was already a wealthy businessman who owned a number of cotton gins and cotton oil mills throughout Texas, most in towns served by the Texas & Pacific Railroad. He held large farming and ranching interests as well as lucrative Abilene real estate. Laura was a prominent member of Abilene’s social and civic organizations and the First Christian Church.
     The Guitars bought property on this site in 1905 and hired an architectural firm from Kansas City, Missouri, to design their new home. Guitar employees erected a Grand Mission-style house with Spanish influences at a total cost of $75,000 in 1910. An arcade of concrete arches beneath an elaborate parapet adorned the front of the house.
     The five-bedroom mansion and carriage house faced the railroad, and the grounds encompassed half a city block. The edifice featured many high decorative details such as crystal and stained glass windows and fine wood and marble interiors. Innovative elements included security lights, intercoms, door bells, a heating system and a bowling alley with an early pin setter.
     The Guitars reared eight children in the house, a showplace of Abilene society and a significant addition to the city’s architectural wealth. John died in 1936, and after Laura’s death in 1948 the house remained vacant. Vandalism and deterioration prompted the couple’s heirs to raze the house in 1964. Pieces of the structure, including a stone griffin holding a guitar, were placed in both museum and private collections in Abilene.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rosedown Plantation

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Louisiana, West Feliciana Parish, St. Francisville
Spanish Land Grant made in 1789 to John Mills, American revolutionary soldier. (Founder of Bayou Sara in 1790, Mills was also a leader in the West Florida Rebellion, 1810.) In 1835 Daniel Turnbull built the present home at Rosedown.

(Antebellum South, US) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Troy H. Middleton

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Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge
Born October 12,1889 in Georgetown Mississippi
Died October 9, 1976 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Troy H. Middleton was a distinguished soldier and educator whose remarkable dual career was such that it is difficult sometimes to seperate one role from the other. "The General" once said,"the most rewarding days of my life were spent in education- both in the military and out."

After serving in World War I as a regimental commander and the youngest colonel in the U.S. Army, Middleton devoted more than a decade to teaching at various military institutions. At one time during World War II every corps commander in Europe had been a student under Middleton at the Command and General Staff School. His best known former student was Dwight D. Eisenhower.

He entered the Army as a private in 1910 after graduating from Mississippi A & M College and was a Lt. General and VIII Corps Commander in Europe at the end of World War II. In July 1930 he was assigned by the Army to LSU's ROTC unit as Commandant. He stayed at LSU, with time out for military service in World War II, and served in six administrative positions, including 11 years as President. He retired in 1962.

The LSU Board of Supervisors, on November 3,1978, named this structure the "Troy H. Middleton Library." In so doing, the board noted: "...of his many outstanding accomplishments as President he was most proud of the construction of a long-needed new library building, the dedication of which on October 23,1958, launched the observance of the University Centennial."

(Education • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Baton Rouge

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Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge
Capitale de L'etat. Nommee par Iberville en 1699 d'apres le nom indien Iti Humma ou "Baton Rouge". Village fonde en 1721. Passe sous le controle des Anglais de 1763 a 1779 et des Espagnols de 1779 a 1810. Il faisait partie de la Republique de la Floride Occidentale en 1810. Site de Louisiana State University.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle Of Baton Rouge, 1862

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Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge
On August 3, 1862, Confederate troops from Alabama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Louisiana under General John C. Breckinridge attacked from the east in an unsuccessful attempt to dislodge Union forces holding the city. Casualties were heavy, and the Union commander, General Thomas Williams, was killed. Williams' forces, supported by Union gunboats, included men from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, Maine, Michigan, Indiana, and Wisconsin.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Huey Long Grave

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Louisiana, East Baton Rouge Parish, Baton Rouge
Public service commissioner, then governor, finally U.S. senator, Huey Pierce Long went from obscure upstate lawyer to flamboyant national figure. Along the way, he built a political dynasty—as well as roads, bridges, hospitals and schools. Proclaiming "Every Man a King," he'd begun hinting at his candidacy for president just a month before his assassination, in 1935, at age 42.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Politics) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Old Saint Gabriel Church

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Louisiana, Iberville Parish, St. Gabriel
In 1699 Pierre Lemoyne, Sieur D'Iberville, father of Louisiana, explored the Mississippi and its distributary the Ascantia, later called Bayou Manchac. By 1758 exiled Acadians had settled at Manchac. They soon built upstream this cypress church, among the first erected in Louisiana during Spanish Colonial days. It was moved to this site in 1772 and the next year Fr. Angelus de Revillagodos opened the registers of St. Gabriel. Previously the parish was the depository for records brought from St. Charles-Aux-Mines, L'Acadie, Canada. The records date from 1707.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent

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Turkey, Istanbul Province, Fatih district, Istanbul
English:
Suleiman the Magnificent (1494, Trabzon - 1566, Szigetvár), was the tenth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the 89th Caliph of Islam. In the west, he was known as Suleiman the Magnificent and in the east, he was known as Sultan Suleiman the Lawmaker for his righteous reign. He ruled as the Sultan from 1520 until his death in 1566 and embarked on 13 military campaigns. He spent 10 years and one month in total for these military campaigns during his reign. Thus, Suleiman was the longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, who had the highest number of military campaigns and spent the longest time on these campaigns.

Sultan Suleiman inherited the throne from his father in 1520 when Selim I died. In the west, he conquered Belgrade, Rhodes, Moldova, and a large part of Hungary. He laid siege to Vienna in 1529, but he failed due to various reasons. Fighting Safavids in the east, he conquered a large part of Middle East. While the borders of the Empire were extended to Algeria in Africa, the Ottoman Navy dominated Mediterranean and Red Sea. He inherited a territory from his father that covered 6.557.000 km’, and extended this land to 14.893.000 km2. He died the day before the end of Battle of Szigetvár on September 6th, 1566 and his son Selim ll inherited the throne.

Located in front of the mihrab of Suleymaniye Mosque, the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent has an octagonal plan with cloisters resting on 28 pillars. Two walls of the tomb are covered with unique ceramics. Next to the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent stand the tombs of his daughter Mihrimah Sultan, Suleiman II, his brother Ahmed and Dilaşup Saliha Sultan and his daughter Ayşe Sultan. Next to this tomb are the tombs of high dignitaries of the Ottoman Empire.

Turkish:
Kanunı Sultan Süleyman (1494 Trabzon - 1566 Zigetvar), Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun 10. padışahı ve 89. Islam halifesidir. Batıda Muhteşem Süleyman, Doğuda ise adaletli yönetimine atfen Kanunî Sultan Süleyman olarak da bilinmektedir. 1520'den 1566'daki ölümüne kadar, yaklaşık 46 yıl boyunca padişahık yapan ve toplamda 13 kere sefere çıkan Süleyman, saltanatının toplam 10 yıl 1ayını seferlerde geçirmiştir. Süleyman böylece devletin hem en uzun süre gorev yapan hem en çok sefere çıkan hem de en uzun süre sefer yapan padişahı olmuştur.

Sultan Süleyman 1520 yılında, babası Yavuz Sultan Selim'in vefatının Macaristan'ın büyük kısmını imparatorluk topraklarına katmıştır. 1529 yılında Viyana'yı kuşatsa da çeşitli sebeplerden ötürü bu kuşatma başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıştır. Doğuda, Safevîlerle yapılan savaşlar sonrasında Orta Doğu'nun büyük kısmını ele geçirmiştir. Afrika'da İmparatorluğun sınırları Cezayir'e kadar uzanırken; Osmanlı Donanması ise Akdeniz'den Kızıldeniz'e kadar olan sularda hâkimiyet kurmuştur. Babasından 6.557.000 km2 olarak devraldığı Osmanlı İmparatorluğ'nu, iktidarı döneminde 14.893.000 km2'ye ulaştırmıştır. Zigetvar Muharebesi'nin sonlanmasından yaklaşık bir gün önce, 6 Eylül 1566 tarihinde vefat etmiştir ve yerine oğlu Il. Selim devletin başına geçmiştir.

Süleymaniye Cami'nin mihrabı önünde bulunan Kânûni Sultan Süleymân Han'ın türbesi; sekiz köşeli bir plân üzerine etrafı revaklı olup, 28 sütuna dayanmaktadır. Türbenin iki duvarı eşsiz çinilerle süslenmiştir. Kânünî Sultan Süleymân Han'ın yanına kızı Mihrimâh Sultân, ikinci Süleymân ve kardeşi ikinci Ahmed ile Dilâşup Sâlihâ Sultan ve kızı Ayşe Sultan defnedilmiştir. Türbenin yan tarafında önemli devlet ricali de bulunmaktadır.

Arabic: To read the Arabic text, click on the Arabic image to enlarge it.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ector County Courthouse

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Texas, Ector County, Odessa
Seat of justice for Ector, created out of Tom Green County in 1887 and organized in 1891.

The 1891 courthouse was frame, the remodelled town sanitarium, moved to the present square. Its first floor had rooms for the sheriff, court clerks and Odessa school, while the county and district courtroom was upstairs. As the only public building in town, it provided space for dances. socials and church services. Picnics and baptizings were held at the windmill and tank on the northwest corner of the square. As townsite restriction banned the sale of liquor, Odessa was usually quiet. However, fights broke out when settlers rushed to the courthouse to file claims on public lands.

In 1904 a 2-story red stone courthouse was built just east of the early one. On the lawn in 1906 the Christian church was organized. At that time Odessa had 400 people and little hope for growth, because of drouths and their effects on cattle raising.

After oil discoveries of 1926 stimulated Ector's development, a 3-story cement building was erected in 1938.

The fourth structure was dedicated April 12, 1964, by governor John Connally.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fighting in Shelbyville

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Tennessee, Bedford County, Shelbyville
(preface)
After the Battle of Stones River ended on January 2, 1863, Union Gen. William S. Rosecrans occupied Murfreesboro. Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg withdrew south to the Highland Rim to protect the rail junction at Tullahoma, Bragg's headquarters, and the roads to Chattanooga. Bragg fortified Shelbyville and Wartrace behind lightly defended mountain gaps. After months of delay, Rosecrans feinted toward Shelbyville on June 23 and then captured Hoovers and Liberty Gaps the next day. A mounted infantry brigade captured Manchester on June 27. The Confederates concentrated at Tullahoma. Rosecrans planned to attack on July 1, but Bragg retreated. By July 7, the Confederates were in Chattanooga.

(main text)
On June 27, 1863, Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg's army was withdrawing from the vicinity of fortified Shelbyville and concentrating at Tullahoma in the face of Union Gen. William S. Rosecran's advance. Rain, muddy roads, and swollen rivers hampered both armies. Union Gen. David S. Stanley's cavalry clashed outside town with Confederate Gen. Joseph Wheeler's troopers, who were screening the infantry's retreat. Wheeler's men temporarily occupied part of the defensive works on the outskirts of Shelbyville. Because the works were so extensive, Stanley's cavalrymen found a portion that was undefended, entered it, and moved along it until the struck the Confederate flank.

Part of Wheeler's command fled through Shelbyville, where street fighting included both cavalry charges and artillery duels. Heavy fighting took place around the railroad depot, where the Confederates made a brief stand before continuing the retreat. They attempted to capture the bridge over the Duck River after Wheeler was informed that Gen. Nathan B. Forrest was en route to support him, but the Union cavalry overwhelmed Wheeler's men. Some men and horses were trampled near the bridge or drowned in the river. For lack of infantry support, Stanley discontinued the pursuit of Wheeler. Over the next several days, Bragg's army made successive withdrawals to Tullahoma, Decherd, and Cowan, before the final retreat through the rugged mountains to Chattanooga on July 3.

(sidebar)
During the Civil War, Bedford County was divided in its loyalties and supplied nearly equal numbers of troops to the Confederate and Union armies. Although the pro-Union stance of Shelbyville earned that city the title of “Little Boston,” one of the Confederacy's best-known generals, Nathan Bedford Forrest, was born in Bedford County in 1821. His middle name was for his county of birth.

Five courthouses have stood on this square. The third courthouse, an imposing brick building constructed in 1830, burned in 1863 during the Confederate occupation. The current courthouse (1935) almost replicates the fourth courthouse, which burned in 1934.

(captions)
Gen. Joseph Wheeer
Gen. David S. Stanley
Courtesy Library of Congress

“Shelbyville, the only Union town of Tennessee,” Harper's Weekly, Oct. 18, 1862

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Flora MacDonald

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North Carolina, Montgomery County, Pekin
Scottish heroine who lived in N.C., 1774-79. Loyalist in the Revolution. Her home stood on this creek a few miles north.

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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