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Otis Veterans Monument

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Massachusetts, Berkshire County, Otis
In Honor Of
The Men And Women Of
Otis
Who Served Their Country
In World War II Silas Budner • Howard J. Pollman • William S. Crittendon • Louis M. Bittman • Robert L. Soule, Jr. • Maxwell Pyenson • Nelson C. Tacy • Reginald J. Harrington • Daniel W. Gage • Edward P. Hood • David E. Moberg • Richard H. Crittendon • Thomas G. Edwards • Alexander Kaminsky • Arnold D. Hall • Ray Kaminsky • John H. O’Donnell • Francis L. Bliven • Howard D. Hood • Lawrence E. Snow • Kenneth Naminsky • Paul L. Besaw • Ray D. Cowell • Clifford E. Jones • George R. Barton • William E. Barton, Jr. • Barbara J. Somes • Charles B. Gage • William P. Tacy, Jr. • Leon A. Cowell • George F. Dillman • Norman R. Bristol • Ralph R. Worden • William D. Judson, Jr. • William P. Perry • Donald D. Tacy • George W. Langdon • Elwin N. Tacy • Harvey Pelletier

(left panel) Dedicated To Those
Men And Women, Living Or Dead
Who Have Served And Are
Serving In Any Branch Of The
Armed Forces Of The United
States Of America From The
Town Of Otis. A Sincere Thanks
To All Those For Keeping
Our Country And Others Free.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Josiah Hornblower

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New Jersey, Essex County, Belleville
In 1753, he brought from England
and erected the first steam (“Fire”)
engine in this country.

The Newcomen Society
April 24, 1929

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lighthouse Service

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
Established in 1789, the U.S. Lighthouse Service maintained lighthouses and a district headquarters in Buffalo until it was absorbed by the Coast Guard in 1939. Tenth District, long under the command of District Lighthouse Superintendent Roscoe House, ran a depot and lens-repair shop in Buffalo, serving Lake Erie and Lake Ontario lighthouses. The District also tested diaphone foghorns at the Buffalo station, and one of the first radiobeacons on the Great Lakes was installed at the Buffalo Breakwater Light Station in 1925 and also at the Dunkirk Lighthouse Station in 1929. Service work was continued by the Coast Guard, and in the 1950s the Buffalo base was the agency's foghorn repair center. The Lighthouse Service tenders Crocus and Sundew were familiar sights in Buffalo Harbor early in the century, and the district later also maintained a series of Buffalo lightships about 13 miles off Buffalo Harbor until construction of the Point Abino light by Canada in 1917.

(Charity & Public Work • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Coast Guard

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
The Coast Guard Base in Buffalo is both a lifeboat station and a regional headquarters covering American Coastal waters from eastern Ohio to the Thousand Islands area of the St. Lawrence River.

Units here include station Buffalo, Group Buffalo Headquarters and Regional Electronics and Aids to Navigation support units. A separate marine safety office Buffalo handles large ship inspection and pollution control duties.

The base also serves as a temporary heliocopter landing field and provides dockage for cutters and body tenders serving theis area. Buffalo was home port to the Couast Guard tender Maple, decommissioned here in 1973, and to the 110-foot icebreaking tugs USCGC Ojibwa (1954-1979) and USCGS Arundel (1979-1982).

(Charity & Public Work • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Louis Hebert

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Louisiana, Saint Martin Parish, Cecilia
Approximately 100 yards to the West is the probable resting place of Geneeral Louis Hebert, C.S.A. Born in Iberville Parish in 1820, Hebert was graduated from West Point in 1845 third in his class. After an army service of two years, he resigned to manage his family's sugar interests. Before the war he was a member of the state senate and chief engineer of Louisiana. During the war he fought at Wilson's Creek, Elkhorn, Iuka, Corinth, Vicksburg and Fort Fisher. He was an editor and teacher after the war in Iberville and St. Martin Parishes and lived until 1901.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Holly Springs

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Mississippi, Marshall County, Holly Springs
Ante-bellum cotton town and center of social and cultural life. Home of 13 generals of Confederacy. Grant's southern advance halted here by Van Dorn's raid, December, 1862.

(Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lifeboat Station

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
The Buffalo Life-saving Station and the headquarters of the U.S. Revenue Marine Bureau's ninth life saving district were established in 1876, beginning operations at the north pier the following spring.

The U.S. Life Saving Service became a separate organization in 1878, and the following year Lifeboat Station No. 5 was relocated to lighthouse land at the foot of the south pier. In 1900, the boathouse was rebuilt and moved to this site.

The Lafe Saving Service merged with the Revenue Cutter Service in 1915 to form the United States Coast Guard.

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

John F. Hartranft

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Pennsylvania, Montgomery County, Fagleysville
The birthplace of John F. Hartranft, Civil War hero and Pennsylvania Governor, 1873-79, is to the right on the side road. He reorganized the State Militia as part of the National Guard.

(Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Federal Road

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Alabama, Monroe County, near Shackleville
North of Salem Cemetery and the former church was the site of Price's Hotel, the first place to spend the night on the Federal Road after Greenville. Mr Price was also the stagecoach driver for this section between Greenville and his hotel. Mrs McNeil's tavern was located halfway between the church and Midway.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Walthall Home

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Mississippi, Marshall County, Holly Springs
Here prior to Civil War lived Edward Cary Walthall, statesman, lawyer, Confederate Brigadier General and United States Senator from 1885 to 1898. He is buried in this city.

(Politics • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old County Jail

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Texas, El Paso County, San Elizario
This structure was built about 1850 of adobe bricks (sundried mud and reeds) and cottonwood logs around steel cell blocks. It served as official county jail 1850-66 and 1868-73, when San Elizario was the first and then third El Paso County seat. It housed both jail (“carcel” in Spanish) and courtroom (juzgado”). According to legend, William Bonney, famed outlaw Billy the Kid, freed the only man ever to escape from this jail, his cohort Melquiades Segura.

(Hispanic Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lanes Chapel and Cemetery

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Texas, Bosque County, Valley Mills
Pioneer area settler Joshua McCuistion donated land at this site for a Methodist chapel to serve the community of Hollis Prairie. Completed about 1880 adjacent to a schoolhouse, it was built by John R. Lane and his sons, for whom the settlement was later named. The oldest marked grave in the church cemetery is that of Plonzo "Pompey" Cox (1840-1880). Regular worship services here were discontinued in 1960 and the Lanes Chapel Memorial Association was established to restore and maintain the building and grounds. A homecoming is held at this site each June. (1981)

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lechaion Road

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Greece, Peloponnese Region, Corinthia Regional Unit, Archea Korinthos (Old Corinth)
English Text:

Propylaie on the Lechaion Road
The Propylaia, the main entrance to the Forum, consisted of three archways; one main and two smaller ones. At the time of Pausanias the gilded bronze chariots of Helios and Phaethon stood on this imposing building. The Propylaia dates from the 1st century A.D.

The Lechaion Road
The main north-south artery (cardo maximus) of the Roman city, ultimately linked the Agora of Corinth with the harbour of Lechaion on the Corinthian gulf 3 kilometers to the north. In the time of Augustus, it was unpaved and was open to wheeled traffic. The road was paved with limestone slabs under Vespasian, when traffic was confined to pedestrians. At this period there were narrow pavements either side of the road with gutters to carry away rainwater. A row of shops was created on the east and west sides of the road, and colonnades and bases for dedications were set between the shops and the pavements. The road began to lose its importance from the 10th century A.D. onwards and was finally abandoned after the earthquake of 1858.

Monuments to the West of the Lechaion Road
Today a row of sixteen small shops can clearly be made out the west side of the road. To the west of these shops, the most important building was the large Roman basilica (1st-2nd century A.D.), which was probably caused used as a courthouse. Its facade, facing the main area of the Forum, was adorned with colossal figures of Phrygian Phrygian prisoners-of-war (late 2nd - early 3rd century A.D.) To the north of the basilica the remains of a commercial market are preserved. Later this was replaced by a new semicircular market with an Ionic colonnade.

Monuments to the East of the Lechaion Road
To the east of the Lechaion Road, north of the Peirene Fountain, are preserved the foundations of Temple A (Classical period), which was converted in a second building phase into a heroon (Hellenistic period). To the east of this structure lies the so-called Periboios of Apollo (1st century A.D.). This was an open courtyard surrounded by a marble Ionic colonnade, which was used as a commercial market. At the north-east end of the street are preserved the ruins of a large bathhouse dating from the 2nd century A.D. This bath has been identified as the Baths of the Spartan Eurycles seen by the travel-writer Pausanias.

(Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 14 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Vicksburg Campaign

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Mississippi, Hinds County, Raymond
“Vicksburg is the key,” said President Abraham Lincoln. “The war can never be brought to a close until that key is in our pocket.”

The United States government had to control the lower Mississippi River in order to move agricultural products to world markets, to split the South and sever its supply lines. In the spring of 1863, Major General Ulysses S. Grant launched the Army of the Tennessee on a series of maneuvers and battles to pocket Vicksburg and end the war.

“The most brilliant campaign ever fought on American soil” involved deception and counter-intelligence, rapid marches, naval actions, a large-scale amphibious crossing, and fighting in difficult terrain and harsh climate. Grant’s invading force brought war to the interior of the Deep South and eventually captured Vicksburg and an entire Confederate army, re-opening the Mississippi River.

A Driving Tour
Along this tour you will experience the terrain these armies crossed in 1863, some of the most varied and difficult terrain of any military campaign. Some of the sites and nearby roadways have changed little since the Vicksburg Campaign. At several sites along the way, and at the Vicksburg National Military Park, interpretation is provided.

(Left Drawing Caption)
Bombardment of the Vicksburg Batteries by Rear Admiral David Porter’s gunboats on the night of April 16, 1863. Among the variety of innovations used to conduct war in the lower Mississippi River valley was this flotilla of vessels designed specifically for use on these rivers. The remains of one of these gunboats, the “USS Cairo,” can be viewed in the Vicksburg National Military Park.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Little J Railroad

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Mississippi, Hinds County, Raymond
Two historic transportation routes are incorporated into this walking trail.

The concrete highway, ca. 1927, is generally the same route used by the Union army marching toward Raymond in May 1863. The bridge and highway, however, are more elevated and possibly a few feet to the west of the earlier roadway.

Another portion of the trail is the abandoned roadbed of the “Little J” railroad. Completed in 1882 between Natchez and Jackson, the Natchez, Jackson and Columbus Railroad invigorated small towns and created new ones along its route. As was typical of successful railroads of the day, it was purchased in 1890 by a larger railroad company, the Louisville, New Orleans and Texas Railroad, which was purchased in 1892 by the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad, a subsidiary of the Illinois Central Railroad. It was always known locally, however, as the “Little J” because it was the only narrow-gauge (“little”) railroad that entered Jackson (“J”) when it was built.

(Upper Left Photo Caption)
A scene at the railroad station in Natchez in the early twentieth century.

(Lower Left Photo Caption)
As railroad construction increased, some routes or sections of routes were abandoned and others merged. This dramatic railroad cut through the Loess bluffs near Natchez would eventually be the route of the “Little J” into town.

(Center Right Photo Caption)
William T. Martin of Natchez, a former Confederate General, spearheaded the movement to building the Natchez, Jackson and Columbus Railroad.

(Right Photo Caption)
This locomotive, now in the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, is the only survivor of the first railroad built to connect the river port at Natchez with the interior of the state. Known as the Natchez & Hamburg Railroad, it operated from 1837 to 1844.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Roads & Vehicles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle of Raymond as a Pivotal Point in the Vicksburg Campaign

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Mississippi, Hinds County, Raymond


     “Move your command tonight to the next cross-roads if there is water, and tomorrow with all activity into Raymond.”
     Maj. Gen. Grant to Maj. Gen. McPherson, USA, May 9, 1863

     “Move your brigade promptly to Raymond, taking three days’ rations, and carrying only cooking utensils and ammunition; no baggage … Use Wirt Adams’ cavalry at Raymond for advance pickets.”
     Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton, May 10, 1863


General Grant successfully transferred his army onto the east side of the Mississippi River and was marching northeast from Port Gibson to attack Vicksburg from the east. His 48,000 men were spread out along several roads headed for a stretch of the Southern Railroad of Mississippi between Edwards and Clinton. Grant’s objective was simple: destroy the railroad—Vicksburg’s lifeline—and then turn on Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton and Vicksburg.

The far right, or eastern flank of Grant’s army was Maj. Gen. James B. McPherson’s XVII Corps. At 3:30 in the morning of May 12, 1863, these 12,000 soldiers set out on their nine-mile march from Roach’s plantation to Raymond, where they hoped to find drinking water and a Confederate commissary.

Meanwhile, Confederate Brig. Gen. John Gregg arrived in Raymond on May 11 after an arduous eight-day, two-hundred-mile journey and, without accurate information, assumed that the Federal column coming up the Utica Road toward Raymond was only a brigade with perhaps 1,600 men. He positioned his troops south of Raymond to intercept and capture this isolated wing of Grant’s army.

The boldness of John Gregg’s actions at Raymond on May 12, 1863, convinced Grant that the Confederate forces in the Jackson vicinity had grown too large to be ignored. Thinking he was now caught between two Confederate armies, Grant audaciously split his forces, he protected the rear of his army with one corps and with the other two attacked Jackson, dispersing one Confederate army and destroying the two railroads that intersected there.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Raymond - This Walking Trail

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Mississippi, Hinds County, Raymond


     “A single field, dotted with spots of timber, separated the Lower Gallatin and Utica Roads, and the main force of the enemy was on the latter road. Finding that I would necessarily be driven into town by his artillery unless I moved up nearer, and believing from this evidence I had that his force was a single brigade, I made my dispositions to capture it ….”
     Brig. Gen. John Gregg, CSA


While this trail covers only a portion of the battlefield, it includes the action at the bridge across Fourteenmile Creek. The terrain provides clues as to why the battle unfolded as it did. Research indicates that weather conditions, erroneous assumptions and misinformation dramatically affected the course of the battle.

Battlefield Preservation
The Friends of Raymond appreciate your interest in their preservation efforts and ask you to be considerate of local landowners by remaining within this park.

Additional interpretation can be found at McPherson’s Ridge, one half-mile south along State Highway 18 and at Bledsoe’s Battery one half-mile north, towards town. The Raymond City Cemetery contains 140 marked Confederate graves, the results of local citizens re-interring bodies from their battlefield graves in the 1860s. Union dead buried on this battlefield were likewise removed to the newly created Vicksburg National Military Cemetery in 1867.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Landing of Cabríllo

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California, Point Loma, San Diego
On September 28, 1542, Juan Rodriquez Cabríllo and his crew sailed into this harbor and became first Europeans to set foot on what would later become the west coast of the United States. The exact landing area is not known, but many believe that Cabríllo came ashore on Ballast Point, the small finger of land below you.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

St. Joseph's Church / St. Joseph's Shrine

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Michigan, Lenawee County, Cambridge Township
St. Joseph's Church
St. Joseph's Church originated as a missionary church during the 1850s. Priests from Adrian, Clinton, Manchester, Tecumseh and Monroe served the parish until the first resident priest arrived in 1954. The original church, which is still part of the present structure, was constructed in 1854 by Irish pioneers. In 1863 the first Mass was held in the church. The tower and stained-glass windows were added in 1911. In 1928, Father Joseph Pfeffer from St. Mary's in Manchester served here and oversaw the enlargement and remodeling of the church to its present form. The transept was built and nave enlarged, transforming the church to a cruciform plan. The red tile roof, the tower and the use of mosaic, tile and wrought iron in the interior give the church its Spanish Mission flavor.

St. Joseph's Shrine
As part of the 1928 expansion of St. Joseph's Church, a shrine--inspired by the grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes in France--was designed. In 1932 work began on the fourteen outdoor stations of the cross, which depict scenes of the Via Dolorosa (the sorrowful way), that Jesus walked to Calvary. The footpath begins at a replica of Pontius Pilates's palace then winds past balconied houses, through the judgment gate and ends at Christ's tomb. The crucifixion scene is sculpted from Carrara marble. Two Mexican artisans, Dionicio Rodriguez and Ralph Corona, under the supervision of Leo Ouelette, sculpted the steps, archways and railings from wet cement to resemble stone and timber.

(Churches, Etc. • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Civil War Soldiers Monument

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Massachusetts, Middlesex County, Newton
In memoriam perpetuam, 1864 Pro patria mortui sunt (“they have died for their country”)

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.
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