Quantcast
Channel: The Historical Marker Database - New Entries
Viewing all 103859 articles
Browse latest View live

The Tobacco Barn

$
0
0
Tennessee, Maury County, near Williamsport


Burley tobacco must be air-cured for four to six weeks in the barn before it’s ready for market. Listen.

Burely is a light brown, aromatic tobacco used chiefly in cigarettes. A small percentage is used for pipe and chewing tobacco.

Fall is the tobacco-curing season. However, a little tobacco is left in this barn all year for you to see.

(Agriculture) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Evangelical Methodist Church World War I Memorial

$
0
0
Italy, Lazio, Rome Province, Rome

Al Methodisti Caduti in Guerra
MCMXV - MCMXVIII

[Roll of Honored Dead]

(Churches, Etc. • Patriots & Patriotism • War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Secondary Education for African American Children

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
The Spotsylvania Sunday School Union (SSSU) was formed in 1905 by 12 African American Baptist churches for the purpose of promoting education past the 7th grade for their children. Initially they helped the growth of the Fredericksburg Normal & Industrial School, also called the Mayfield School which was founded by Rev. Samuel A. Brown of Shiloh Old Site, a 1902 graduate of Virginia Normal & Collegiate Institute.

In 1909, a regular SSSU meeting, Lewis Terrell, Branch Fork Baptist Church Sunday School Superintendent, made a motion to use the community's money to build a school of their own. As a result, under the leadership of John J. Wright, the SSSU purchased 158-1/2 acres from D. F. and Cora V. Altenburg on January 3, 1910 for $475.50 cash. They then contracted with local master carpenter Alfred Fairchild to construct a school. Enough of the building was ready to use by the 1914-15 academic year. Mr. Wright, an 1893 graduate of Virginia Normal & Collegiate Institute, served as principal, and the first two teachers were Lula Broadus and Sadie Coates.

On February 3, 1941, an accident of overloading wood in an upstairs tin stove caused a fire which severely burned the school and its outbuildings. Recognizing they could not rebuild without substantial financial assistance, on July 1, 1941, the SSSU deeded to the School Board the school buildings and 80 acres of land. The remaining acreage from the original 158-1/2 acre are still in the hands of the SSSU and comprise the present-day park and accompanying timberland.

The Spotsylvania School Board contracted with a local carpenter and employee of John J. Wright High School, Rev. Frank Thompson to construct a make-shift building that became known as the “Tar Paper School" in which students attended until 1952. Under the leadership of a new superintendent, C. Melvin Snow (appointed in 1945), and after many years of social and economic preparation, the State Board of Education approved a $575,000 loan from its Literary Fund in February, 1950, to build a new school for all county African American children to attend. October 16, 1950, ground was broken for the new school and in 1952, the first classes were held therein.

The 1967-68 school year was the last for the John J. Wright Consolidated School. Full racial integration in the fall 1968 school year coupled with restructuring brought middle schools throughout the Commonwealth. The school’s name was changed to and used as the John J. Wright Middle School. It remained so until 2006 when it closed for renovation. It reopened in 2009 as a facility for extended education and cultural programming and is now memorialized as the John J. Wright Educational & Cultural Center. It is the only school building in the county that bears the name of a Spotsylvania citizen.

(captions)
(upper left) John J. Wright 1867-1931
(lower left) The school was constructed in sections between 1912-1922. Once complete, it had three floors including boarding facilities, classrooms, and a kitchen. August 5, 1940, the school's name was officially given: The John J. Wright High School
(upper center) Lewis Terrell (1858-1929)
(lower center) Left: The Spotsylvania Training School, c. 1931 / Right: Alfred Fairchild Master Carpenter

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U. S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Civil Rights • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Spotsylvania Sunday School Union Parksite

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
Formerly the John J. Wright Parksite, the renamed Spotsylvania Sunday School Union (SSSU) Parksite is an example of long- standing community partnership and involvement. The parksite comprises 10 acres - a portion of 158.5 acres originally owned by the SSSU since 1910.

~ How it came to be ~

Beginning the fifth Sunday in July 1905, 19 African American baptist churches came together at the invitation of educator John J. Wright and formed what was subsequently called the Spotsylvania Sunday School Union. They raised money over five years and used $475.50 to purchase 158.5 acres from D. F. and Cora Altenburg on January 10, 1910. On four acres of that land, they contracted to build a school, the Spotsylvania Graded School, completed in the early 1920s. The number of churches in the SSSU soon stabilized at 12 and remains so today.

In 1941, more than 30 years after their land purchase, the SSSU deeded 20 acres, including land on which the original school once stood, to the Spotsylvania School Board, leaving 138.5 acres stilled owned by the SSSU.

A beautification project was instituted in the late 1970s whereby a brick shelter and other amenities were added to the park. Contracted to build the picnic shelter was Aaron Fairchild. Sadly, he died on October 21, 1979 before he finished the building, and the SSSU contracted with Bennie Carter who completed the project.

Once complete, the new building and improved grounds were officially dedicated on July 31, 1983. A memorial plaque in honor of those who had given exemplary service to the SSSU was also unveiled.

The park and accompanying acreage are still owned and administered by trustees of the SSSU.

(captions)
(upper right) Above: Aaron Alfred Fairchild, son of Alfred and Rose Anna Lewis Fairchild, unknown date, courtesy Layton R. Fairchild, Sr.
(lower right) Below: Bennie L. Carter, son of Robert and Birdie Johnson Carter, photograph c. 1945, courtesy Gladys Carter Cook

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Social and Economic Richness in the Livingston District

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
Spotsylvania is situated almost directly in the middle of a gold-pyrite belt that runs 140 miles through 12 counties from Fairfax to Buckingham. At least six major mines operated in the county, some as early as 1804. Those mines were the Mitchell Mine, the Grindstone, the Johnston Hill, the Higgins, the Whitehall and the Goodwin, which was the third largest gold mine in the United States between 1830-1849. Their yield included not only gold, but silver, lead, copper, zinc, hematite, galena, and quartz among others, and provided nontraditional employment to rural men of all races.

Mining reached its “peak by the 1880s and was severely diminished when it became known that territory in the west had opened and gold was found in California. The last commercial gold mine in Virginia closed in 1947 and the ruins of the Goodwin Mine are now located within nearby Lake Anna State Park.

There appears to have been an intimate pocket of free African American men and women around the Mitchell Mine area. We know of three such families who were free before the Civil War: those of Molly Pierce, Sally Ham and John King.

Molly Pierce (aka Polly), born to unknown parentage, was free as early as 1830 when we find her listed in the U.S. Census along with a free Negro female aged 10-24. We have no indication of how she earned her living, but she purchased 30 acres from Joseph Mitchell, the heir to the Mitchell Mine estate, on March 16, 1833. By 1840, the historical record tells us that she lived with one free negro male. His name, according to her last will and testament, was Gilbert Baylor. She and Mr. Baylor had a close relationship for some time because she purchased his freedom from Robert Crutchfield who was holding him in trust because Andrew Mitchell - the owner of the mine since 1796 - could not pay his debt. The couple lived together until her death in 1859. She willed her entire estate to Mr. Baylor who in turn, willed his possessions to his family, including his brother and daughter, as well as to those he considered his friends — regardless of their race.

Another free Negro woman in the area was Sally Ham, born -1810. She purchased 50 acres next to the Mitchell Mine for $125 from William and Mary Andrews on October 19, 1838. The Andrews couple were proprietors of Andrews Tavern and Post Office, Sally Ham began using the surname “Coleman” in honor of her companion, Lindsey Coleman. She birthed 11 known children, and died — 1890 still owning her 50 acres. Seven of her heirs survived and divided the family property between themselves.

Our final example is John King, an accomplished carpenter. Born ~1784 to unnamed parentage, he purchased 68 acres in 1846 from Herod and Nancy Wright for $115. Adjacent to the Grindstone Mine, his property was situated between the families of Thomas and Robert Mastin and only four miles from the Ham property. Mr. King lived with his wife Jane and their daughter (also named Jane) until his death on May 7, 1860, of dropsy at age 76. In today's language, dropsy would best be described as swelling due to congestive heart failure. At the time of his death, his real estate was valued at $160 and his personal holdings were $35. His widow lived another 14 years, dying of graceful old age at 80 in 1874.

(captions)
(left side) Left to right: Gold, tool used to pour ore, hematite
(right side) Right: sketch of Andrews Tavern is courtesy James Roger Mansfield (1977), A History of Early Spotsylvania, Orange, VA: Green Publishers, Inc., page 147. (The book is owned by TL Miller)

Andrews Tavern was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Its architectural style is federal and its period of significance was from 1800-1849. It is now a private dwelling located in the Glenora section of the Livingston District in Spotsylvania County.

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Spotsylvania’s First African American Church

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
History did not record his name . . . the black member of nearby Mine Road Baptist Church who worked as a coachman for one of the white congregants. He asked whether his fellow black church members who sat obediently in the balcony on Sundays could be allowed to start a church of their own. Once his request was passed along to the pastor, Rev. E. G, Baptist, and discussed with church leadership, permission was indeed granted. The year was 1859 - three years before the start of the Civil War and four years before that war was fought on Spotsylvania soil.

The African American members walked a brief way down Mine Road to a patch of land where they established a church they came to call Little Mine Road Baptist Church. ln so doing, they became the first organized African American congregation in Spotsylvania County. Eighteen years later - after worshipping in makeshift quarters - the members had saved enough money to purchase land upon which to construct a church building. On September 1, 1877, the congregation’s trustees paid $2.00 to Reuben and Lucy Johnson for one-half acre on which to worship and call home.

By 1900 the church was thriving through the support of its members who were engaged in a variety of occupations. They were farmers, cooks, copper miners, nurses, railroad track workers, carpenters, blacksmiths, and sawmill employees.

On April 23, 1901, the congregation received more land via a gift from the estate of Jane R. Lee, a white neighbor and supporter of their efforts. By 1902, they had constructed and dedicated a new house of worship. This church was the site of another important event in the history of African Americans in this county. It was here in 1909 that a meeting of the Spotsylvania Sunday School Union took place in which it was voted upon and decided to build a high school for black children to attend. That school became the Spotsylvania Training School, later renamed in 1940 as the John J. Wright School.

In 1974, after more than 70 years of worship in that building, a new one, adjacent to the old, was constructed and dedicated. The new church was built by Spotsylvania resident and World War II U. S. Navy veteran, Bennie Carter. As a monument to the dedication, struggles and triumphs of its members, the steps from the 1902 building are memorialized (photograph beIow courtesy T. Miller). They are in memory of those who walked from second class members of Mine Road Baptist Church to first class members of their own church.

...

In 1965 with $100, the members began a building fund to construct a new church. In November 1974, with Rev. Herman Ellis as pastor, congregants held an emotional ceremony in which they walked from their 1902 building into their new church, where they are still worshipping and serving the community.

(caption)
Above: These are the steps from their first complete church building, erected and dedicated on Dec. 11, 1902. The wording carved on the second line is “Little Road”.

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Piney Branch School

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
“How well do l remember the night before my first day in school. I remember the night before because my mother washed my little white coat and today l can see it hanging on the line in the kitchen. I had been told that I was going to school the next day.
The first day in school l don't remember, but one day soon thereafter I could not finish eating my apple at recess. The recess was one hour long. Mrs. Otelia Robinson, who was our teacher, let me sit in the back of the room to finish eating the apple."

Myrtle Pryor Brown
1995 Interview

The land on which the Piney Branch School is situated was purchased in 1878 by trustees of the adjacent Piney Branch Baptist Church for the sole purpose of educating area children who were also members of the church. One of four one-room schools for African American children in the Chancellor District, it provided an education through the seventh grade.

The school, under the jurisdiction of the Spotsylvania School Board, operated five months during the academic year. It was officially named “Piney Branch” in the 1919-20 Spotsylvania School Board minutes; prior to that time it was referred to as "the colored school in Screamerville."

As African American one-room schools began to consolidate into the John J. Wright School, enrollment at the Piney Branch School decreased. No longer sustainable after 65 years of operation, the Piney Branch School was purchased for $280 on June 4, 1945 at public auction by the trustees of Piney Branch Baptist Church. It is still owned and maintained by the church.

According to research conducted by former student, Lillian Robinson Pryde (b. 1922), 168 children matriculated through the Piney Branch School. Among those students were her parents, James Henry Robinson (1883-1937) and Clara Dean Brooks (1882-1961). ln addition to Mrs. Robinson (above), our confirmed list of educators who taught there were:

Annie Crump • Myrtle Johnson • Grace Travis
Edna Bradford • Minnie Lawson • Martha Tyler
Florence Branch • Evelyn Lewis • Lillian White
Elizabeth Ennis • Edith Ramsey • Rosa White
Carrie Golden • Helen Reid • Virginia White
Maria Howard • Elmore Thurston

(captions)
(upper left) Myrtle Pryor, c. 1925
(center) Above is the second school building constructed on the site. It was built c. 1903.
(upper right) Right: Otelia Upshaw Robinson (1895-1935) was the wife of Albert Walter Robinson and mother of 10 children (7 boys, 3 girls), all of whom attended the Piney Branch School.
Born in Bowling Green, Caroline County, Virignia, to Tarlton and Eugene Upshaw, she earned her teaching degree from the Virignia Normal & Industrial Institute in 1914.

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

U. S. Colored Troops in Spotsylvania

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
Both politicians and the public were extremely war-weary and anxious for the Civil War to end. By summer 1862, President Abraham Lincoln knew that conditions had worsened and that new tactics were necessary to thwart Confederate advances. That new tactic was the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, which destroyed slavery’s strength throughout the south. On the Proclamation's effective date, January 1, 1863, thousands of black men became available to join the fight on the side of the Union.

Although U. S. Colored Troop regiments had fought in nearly all battles throughout the south, they had not been a force of any kind in Virginia before 1864 for two main reasons. First, at the beginning of the war, Generals George McClennan and lrvin McDowell spoke boldly against blacks being armed for battle, edged on regularly by a pro-slavery press which echoed the idea that they were "fighting to free the negroes.” Second, before the arrival of Lieutenant General Grant, the Union Army of the Potomac was notorious for hunting down, capturing and returning escaped enslaved men and women to their presumed owners. Thus, recruitment of African Americans to fight in Virginia had stalled since the beginning of the war.

The Emancipation Proclamation gave new attention to the effort. In addition, it was militarily necessary to replenish Army ranks that were suffering from fatigue and soldier deaths. One such concentration of U.S. Colored Troops was the IX Corps, led by General Edward Ferrero (left) and General Ambrose Burnside (right). The IX Corps was an independent corps that joined both the Army of the Potomac and the Army of the James. It consisted of U.S. Colored Troops from the 19th, 23rd, 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 39th and 43rd regiments. They made the final push to capture Petersburg and ultimately Richmond, the capitol of the Confederacy. The path, however, to the end of the war was Spotsylvania, and when Lieutenant General Grant began his Overland Campaign at The Wilderness on May 4, 1864, the IX Corps was present.

In preparation for the Battle of the Wilderness, Grant moved his supply train and ordered General Ferrero to be on alert for Confederate cavalry. He also ordered him to assist General John Sedgwick and his VI Corps to guard the bridges, roads and trains at the Rapidan River.

Confederates attacked that night and, according to the record,

“…the enemy was driven back before daylight, while the trains were securely moved up closer to the advance. General Grant, finding that the confederates were not disposed to continue the battle, begun the movement toward Spottsylvania (sic) Court House on the night of the 7th. The 9th Corps brought up the rear, with the Phalanx [colored] division and cavalry covering the trains.”
Joseph T. Wilson, The Phalanx in Virginia, 1897, p 387.

There were many pushes and pulls for territory between Union and Confederate troops throughout the 1864 Wilderness Campaign. Union forces slowly gained hard-fought territory toward the Court House.

"I have the honor to report that at 12:30 pm this day the Second Ohio Cavalry, stationed at Piney Branch Church, were compelled to fall back, being attacked by superior forces, consisting of one brigade of cavalry, with two pieces of artillery. I immediately ordered the Fourth Division in readiness, and marched the Twenty-third U.S. Colored Troops to support the cavalry. On arriving at AIrich's, on the Plank Road, I found the Second Ohio driven across the road, and the enemy occupying the crossroads. I ordered the colored regiment to advance on the enemy in line of battle, which they did, and drove the enemy in perfect rout."
Report of Brig General Edward Ferrero

The above referenced skirmish was fought against Confederate forces led by Campbell County, Virginia native, General Thomas Lafayette Rosser. An expanded account by researcher Noel Harrison notes:

"Apprised by the retreating Ohioans of Rosser’s approach, the 23rd United States Colored Infantry, joined by some members of the 30th United States Colored Infantry, hastened southeast from Chancellorsville, where those and other African American regiments of Brig. Gen. Edward Ferrero’s division had bivouacked. Moving in column along the plank road (sic), the reinforced 23rd first made contort through its deployed skirmishers with Rosser’s men.”
Noel G. Harrison, In our midst: first combat of the USCTs in Virginia, June 2010

This marks the first engagement of U.S. Colored Troops in Spotsylvania County. Some were born in Spotsylvania. Thus far, 16 members of USCT regiments have been identified as natives to this county. They fought to free not only themselves, but their families, their neighbors and all who had suffered under the banner of United States bondage.

(captions)
(upper left) Above: President Lincoln and his cabinet at the first reading of the Emancipation Proclamation.
(lower right) Sgt. Nimrod Burke, 23rd Infantry, U.S. Colored Troops

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sergeant Benjamin Brown

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of honor to Sergeant Benjamin Brown, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 11 May 1889, while serving with Company C, 24th U.S. Infantry, in action in Arizona Territory. Although shot in the abdomen, in a fight between a paymaster’s escort and robbers, Sergeant Brown did not leave the field until again wounded through both arms.
Citation. President Benjamin Harrison, 19 February 1890

Born in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, to Henry and Polly Brown, Benjamin Brown (~1858-1910) is the only Congressional Medal of Honor recipient in this county’s history. The medal is "the highest award for valor in action against an enemy force which can be bestowed upon an individual serving in the Armed Services of the United States.” (Medal of Honor Museum)

Although his formative years are unknown to us, he traveled to Pennsylvania where in his early 20s, he enlisted in the U.S. Army through its Harrisburg office and was assigned to one of four Buffalo soldier units for engagement in the Indian Wars.

He was only 26 years old during his second enlistment when in 1889 he was one of 12 soldiers from Fort Grant in Arizona attempting to ensure more than $28,000 in payroll funds reached fellow soldiers in nearby Fort Thomas. Ambushed on the trail, he and his fellow soldiers were in a two-hour open ground gun fight. The bandits escaped with the money. Nine of the alleged bandits were captured and put on trial. All were acquitted and the money was never recovered.

After an investigation, the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Military Affairs concluded that the soldiers “displayed unusual courage and skill in defense of the Government’s property.”

Sergeant Brown served seven (7) tours of duty - five of which he served with a bullet still lodged in his body. Disability forced his retirement in 1905, and he died September 5, 1910 in the U.S. Soldiers’ and Airmen’s Home in Washington, DC. He is buried in the adjacent cemetery, the first national one for U.S. veterans.

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Wilderness and the Overland Campaign

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
Known as The Wilderness, the land is comprised of approximately 9,000 acres of rolling fields and dense woods and was the site of what became the first stage of an epic a confrontation between the armies of Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee during the Civil War in May, 1864. Even though the War had raged for three years, May 5-7, 1864 marked the first time that Generals Grant and Lee met in battle.

Born Hiram Ulysses Grant, a mistake while enrolling in the United States Military Academy at West Point resulted in his name being changed to Ulysses S. Grant. His successes in the Mexican War and then in battles in Tennessee and Vicksburg during the Civil War, earned him the commission from President Lincoln in March 1864 of Lieutenant General, the first such rank since George Washington. Grant was now the supreme commander of all Union forces.

Northern public support fanned by favorable newspaper coverage produced great expectations for the war‘s end under the leadership of Lieutenant General Grant. He arrived in Virginia in March 1864 with a strategy to win the war: constantly engage the Confederates in battle from northern Virginia southward for the purpose of capturing Richmond.

Lieutenant General Grant knew that both manpower and unfettered supply lines were on the side of the Union army. He believed that if he could continue to bombard the Confederate army, General Lee's forces would diminish naturally and their efforts would collapse because they had no reinforcements.

The first engagements were in May 1864 when Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Grant's Army of the Potomac met in what became known as the Battle of the Wilderness. The Army of the Potomac crossed the Rapidan River southward on May 4th with a force of nearly 101,000 soldiers. Lee’s army numbered 61,000.

The difference in numbers of soldiers in the two armies was equalized quickly by geography. The density of the woods precluded orderly movement and significantly reduced the effectiveness of artillery and cavalry. In his memoirs, Lieutenant General Grant wrote, “More desperate fighting has not been witnessed on this continent than that of the 5th and 6th of May."

One of the key moments in the' battle occurred when the brush caught fire. Many wounded soldiers could not muster the strength to find their way out and were burned alive.

Even in the face of superior numbers, the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia fought valiantly and deterred the Union advance. After several days of intense fighting, the Union army suffered 18,000 casualties; the Confederates suffered 6,000. Both armies, however, regrouped to fight another day.

Want to Learn More?
Catton, B. (1953) The Army of the Potomac: A stillness at Appomattox. New York: Doubleday.
Catton, B. (1968) Grant Takes Command New York: Doubleday
Fitts, D. (2002, June) "Spectacular purchase of Wilderness Acreage" The War News
Gallagher, G.W. ed. (1997) The Wilderness Campaign Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press
Scott, R.G. (rev. ed. 1992) Into the Wilderness with the Army of the Potomac
“The Field of Battle in Virginia" map. (1864, May 14) New York Herald
Whitney, D.C. and Whitney, R.V. (1985) The American Presidents. New York: Doubleday

(sidebar)
As for the Wilderness, it was uneven, with woods, thickets, and ravines right and left. Tangled thickets of pine, scrub-oak, and cedar prevented our seeing the enemy, and prevented any one in command of a large force from determining accurately the position of the troops he was ordering to and fro. The appalling musketry, the yells of the enemy, and the cheers of our own men were constantly in our ears. At times, our lines while firing could not see the array of the enemy, not fifty yards distant. After the battle was fairly begun, both sides were protected by log or earth breastworks.
Alexander Stewart Webb (1835-1911), Brevet Major-General, USA
Fought in both The Wilderness Campaign and the Battle of Spotsylvania where he was seriously wounded.

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Batter Up: Spotsylvania Yellow Jackets

$
0
0
Virginia, Spotsylvania County, Spotsylvania
Softball and baseball were played by Spotsylvania’s African American children, teens and young adults in back yards, on church grounds and in open fields. Some, such as Layton Fairchild, Sr. (right), grew up playing baseball and were privileged to play on an organized team in the U.S. Army during World War ll.

Adjacent to Sylvannah Baptist Church were 9.64 acres owned by the estate of Liston Lewis. On July 12, 1952, Elmore Lawson (below) purchased that acreage and constructed a baseball diamond. Lawson was a farmer, carpenter, and construction contractor who also owned and operated a sawmill. He was born January 26, 1882, to Isaac and Julia Weathers Lawson, and was father of 17 all with first wife, Cora Stannard Lawson who died in 1938.

Young men who as children played baseball in their spare time and/or on the team for the John J. Wright School now used this newly constructed diamond as their home field. They called themselves the Spotsylvania Yellow Jackets and used their own finances to purchases equipment and uniforms. Teams throughout the Commonwealth came to play them, and they often travelled and returned victorious. Saturdays and after church on Sundays, the bleachers were filled with cheering fans as they watched young men such as Roy and Roger Lewis, Alfred Coleman, Rudolph Williams, the Fairchild brothers Alfred Jr., Aaron and Layton, and others display skills that perhaps in another time would have brought them fame and fortune in a professional league.

The African American Heritage Trail is supported in part by a Preserve America grant administered by the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior. This product is based upon work assisted by a grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of the Interior.

(African Americans • Sports) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Goshenhoppen

$
0
0
Pennsylvania, Berks County, Bally
Re-named Bally for Father Augustin Bally. The third Roman Catholic mission and first Catholic school in the State were established here in 1743 by Father Theodore Schneider

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hereford Furnace

$
0
0
Pennsylvania, Berks County, Hereford
Established by Thomas Maybury in 1745 on the west bank of the Perkiomen Creek for the purpose of manufacturing iron. Maybury is credited with producing here in 1767 the first cast-iron cooking-stove in North America.

(Colonial Era • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Parker Kidnapping & Rescue

$
0
0
Pennsylvania, Chester County, Nottingham
Emboldened by the 1850 Fugitive Slave Law, Maryland slave catchers kidnapped Rachel and Elizabeth Parker from the Nottingham area in 1851. Rachel’s employer Joseph Miller was murdered in a failed attempt to rescue her from Baltimore. Public outrage led Pa. officials to seek the sisters’ release in a Md. civil court case that secured their freedom in 1853. The forcible enslavement of two young free black women galvanized antislavery sentiment.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jean Baptiste Recollect Trading Post

$
0
0
Michigan, Muskegon County, North Muskegon
Near this site, on the shore of Muskegon Lake, stood the first Indian fur trading post in Muskegon County. It was established in 1812 by Jean Baptiste Recollect, a French fur trader believed to be this area's first white settler. Jean Recollect remained here for about a year when a new manager took over. The Muskegon post operated as a successful business enterprise for many years. Remains of the chimney of Recollect's station were visible as late as 1836.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Saint Mary Parish

$
0
0
Michigan, Ingham County, Williamston
(Side 1)
Beginning in the 1850s, Williamston Catholics worshipped with visiting priests. They often traveled ten miles by carriage or horseback on rutted, muddy roads to Saint Patrick Church in Woodhull (present-day Shaftsburg) to worship with Father Louis Van Den Driessche (Van Driss) of Lansing. In 1866 two brothers, Jerome and James Waldo, entered into a contract with Detroit Bishop Peter Paul Lefevere, stipulating they would sell a plot of land in the village of Williamston to the diocese for twenty-five cents, provided that a church worth at least one thousand dollars was built within three years. In 1869 a frame church costing eleven hundred dollars was erected on this site and named Saint Mary. Father John Lovett became the first resident pastor in 1879. Descendants of Saint Mary's founding families continue to worship here.

(Side 2)
During the winter of 1868-69, Owen Brannan and Peter Zimmer cut and hauled timber to construct the first of three Catholic churches on this site. Saint Mary Church became a parish in 1879, upon the arrival of the first resident pastor. From 1889 to 1898, despite its growing membership, the parish did not have a full-time priest and it became a mission. In 1895 the church burned. A larger, brick, Neo-Gothic building was erected the same year. Under the leadership of Father John J. Connolly, who served from 1898 to 1905, Saint Mary regained parish status. It comprised the church; a cemetery, founded in 1873; and a new rectory, erected in 1902. In 1948 a parish hall was built. In 1956 a convent was established for the Sisters of Saint Joseph who staffed the school that opened in 1959. The present church was built in 1985.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Wyoming's Wildlife

$
0
0
Wyoming, Lincoln County, near Thayne
Often termed the star of all valleys, the Shoshone Indians referred to the valley as a "heap fine hunting ground." Unusually high precipitation and topographic features make the Salt River Valley one of the most productive and diverse of all wildlife areas found in Wyoming. Sandhill cranes, Canada geese, ruffed grouse, and bald eagles are among the birds nesting in the area. The valleys of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, including Star Valley, are important waterfowl production areas for western North America. In 1987, trumpeter swans were transplanted to the valley from Montana and since have wintered here.

Protection and improvement of the streambanks and wetlands along the river for both fish and wildlife resources are important to the area and its people. The big game animals summering and wintering in the mountains and foothills surrounding the valley provide some of the best hunting in Wyoming. Trophy elk, mule deer and moose abound in the rugged mountains of the Caribou, Salt, Wyoming and Palisades ranges. Thousands of visitors are attracted to this scenic area to hunt and fish or observe and enjoy wildlife in its wild surroundings -- a testimonial that Wyoming's wildlife is a precious commodity for the state and its citizenry.

(Animals • Environment • Sports) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Hickory County War Memorial

$
0
0
Missouri, Hickory County, Hermitage

In memory of all
living and dead
of Hickory County
who served in
World Wars I and II
Korea - Vietnam

They sought no glory
but their country's good

(War, Korean • War, Vietnam • War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

PAUL DE CHOMEDEY DE MAISONNEUVE

$
0
0
Quebec, Ville-Marie Borough, Montreal
Ȃ la tête d’un groupe d’une cinquantaine de personnes, Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, officier né en Champagne, fonda Ville-Marie le 17 mai 1642. Ayant subi l’influence du courant mystique issu de l’école de spiritualité française et des écrits des Jésuites, il fut choisi par la Société Notre-Dame de Montréal, formée de laïcs et de pêtres, pour établir une colonie missionnaire au Canada. Une vie d’épreuves et de combats épuisants commençait pour les Montréalistes. Premier gouverneur de l’île de Montréal, Maisonneuve jeta les bases de la metropole qu’est devenue Montréal.

Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve, a military officer born in Champagne, France , was the first Governor of the Island of Montréal. Influenced by the spiritual climate of the age and by the writings of the Jesuits, he accepted a call from the Notre-Dame de Montréal, an association of devout laymen and priests, to establish a missionary colony in Canada. On 17 May 1642, he and a party people founded Ville-Marie. Although years of hardship and strife followed for the pioneer settlers, Maisonneuve had laid the foundations upon which the metropolis of Montréal was built.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Gordon Bennett (1795–1872) and James Gordon Bennett (1841–1918)

$
0
0
New York, New York County, New York
A memorial to
James Gordon Bennett (1795–1872)
founder of the New York Herald in 1835
and to his son
James Gordon Bennett (1841–1918)
through whose vision and enterprise the New York Herald became one of the world's great newspapers.
The bronze figures of Minerva and the Bell Ringers are the work of Antonin Jean Carles. They stood from 1895 to 1921 above the cornice of James Gordon Bennett's New York Herald building on the north side of Herald Square and tolled the active hours to the millions in 1928. They were given by William T. Dewart, publisher of the New York Sun, to New York University, through whose generosity in 1939 they entered, on permanent loan, the care of the Department of Parks of the City of New York, that they may be here restored to their original area of pleasant service and to their place in the hearts of our citizens. Funds for their restoration were provided by subscription of business organizations whose lives are deep rooted in the neighborhood of Herald Square

(Arts, Letters, Music • Communications) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
Viewing all 103859 articles
Browse latest View live




Latest Images