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Front Street Maysville, 1850

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Kentucky, Mason County, Maysville

This county seat and trade center of over 4,500 people daily welcomed freight-hauling steamboats bringing in goods and visitors and picking up hemp, tobacco and whiskey at the bustling foot of Sutton Street. Senator Henry Clay and others stopped overnight at the red brick Lee House, mixing and talking with old citizens and Irish and German newcomers.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Underground Rail Road

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Kentucky, Mason County, Maysville

Prior to the end of the Civil War, escaping slaves sought freedom via the Underground Rail Road. Fugitives led by "conductors" traveled by darkness to refuges or "stations." Quilts often guided them, sometimes with the Drinking Gourd (Big Dipper) and safety or danger marks. Here, a light in Ripley's Rankin House marks the goal across the river.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Maysville River Front 1900

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Kentucky, Mason County, Maysville

It's the turn of the 19th/20th centuries, and Maysville is in transition. Horse-drawn vehicles will soon vie with the town's first auto; riverboats will come, but the railroad is growing busier. Downtown thrives with new businesses and buildings. Buffalo Bill and John Phillip Sousa came to the Opera House; Casey Stengel and showboats entertained our citizens.

(Entertainment • Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lee House

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Kentucky, Mason County, Maysville

The Lee House
Circa 1790
was entered on
the National Register of
Historic Places on
December 20, 1977

(Landmarks • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hales Corners – A Farm Village

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Hales Corners
Tradition says the first business in Hales Corners dates back to 1834 when a log cabin close to this spot served as a home, a store and an inn. It was later named the Western Hotel. In 1847-48, William Shields owned the land, and on it Simon Shields, his brother, built a large two-story frame hotel. Joseph Dreyfuss bought the hotel in 1873 and renamed it the Dreyfuss Inn. Pioneer farmers heading west with families and live-stock and local farmers taking produce to market kept the hotel busy. Over the years the number of farmers declined and Joseph Dreyfuss and his son Julius catered increasingly to professional people and the well-to-do. The fine meals served at the inn attracted Milwaukee society folk who arrived by carriage or sleigh. Joseph Dreyfuss was the great grand uncle of Lee Sherman Dreyfus, Wisconsin’s 41st Governor.

Among the most influential in development of the village was Jacob Siegel. In 1854, he opened a general store and saloon on Janesville road (now Forest Home Avenue) across the street from this sign. He brought in a blacksmith, harness maker, cooper, wagon maker, shoemaker and tinsmith to run half a dozen businesses in buildings Siegel built in a row heading southwest down the road from his store. Between 1865 and 1871 he helped found the Hales Corners Stock Fair, which came to be held monthly along Janesville Road and drew thousands of visitors. By 1958, when it was moved to St. Martins, the fair included animals, produce and every variety of used goods.

Rudimentary banking was available in the late 1800s in a wall safe in James Smith’s real estate and loan office. In 1910 a real bank was chartered. This bank, the State Bank of Hales Corners, evolved into State Financial Bank and was acquired by Associated Bank in 2006.

North of this sign, on the same side of the road, stood the firehouse. Organized in 1927, the Volunteer Fire Department stood at 10544 W. Forest Home Avenue for 75 years. Built of fieldstone and concrete block, the firehouse gained notoriety in 1932 when it burned down. It was rebuilt and remodeled periodically until a new up-to-date structure opened at 10000 W. Forest Home Avenue on February 17, 2002.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Village Emerges!

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Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, Hales Corners
Two subdivisions, the oldest in the Village, are included in this 2.1 mile tour. The one square block Scholz subdivision at Hwy 100 and Janesville Rd. was recorded in 1904, the year the Rapid Transit train came through Hales Corners. Milwaukee Terrace in its present form, with over 100 lots along 110th Street and its side streets, was platted and recorded in 1924.

Begin part I of your self-guided walking tour #10 here. Brochures are available at - HC Police Dept., HC Historical Society, HC Library, HC Health Dept. Associated, Tri-City, and Continental Banks

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Lincoln Funeral Train

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Indiana, Marion County, Indianapolis

Side A
Assassinated President Abraham Lincoln's funeral was April 19, 1865 at the White House. The funeral train left for Springfield, Illinois April 21 directed by the military; stops en route allowed mourners to pay homage. In Richmond, Indiana, Governor Oliver P. Morton boarded; train reached Indianapolis, April 30, at 7:00 a.m. Buildings were draped in black.

Side B
In the rain, Lincoln's coffin was escorted along crowded streets lined with soldiers to old State House, located here. Reports say at least 50,000 people viewed Lincoln's open casket in the rotunda. Through streets lit by bonfires and torches, coffin was returned to Union Depot; train departed at 12:00 a.m. for Michigan City, last scheduled Indiana stop.

(Notable Events) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mt. Moriah Baptist Church

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Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis
Mt. Moriah was founded in 1879. The oldest church in the area, it was relocated to this site in 1893, predating the Orange Mound community by seven years. A vernacular-sandstone building, the present edifice was completed in 1926, during the pastorate of the Rev. A.D. Bell (1926-1945). The Rev. Roy W. Norsworthy, a Memphis civil rights leader, served as pastor from 1946 to 1986. In 1996, the 300-member church, under the Rev. Harvey B. Jackson, hosted the Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc. • Civil Rights) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Orange Mound

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Tennessee, Shelby County, Memphis
Orange Mound, developed as Negro subdivision at the turn of the century, was formerly a 5000 acre plantation owned by John George Deaderick. Bounded by the Southern Railway on the north, Airways on the west, Park on the South, and Goodwyn on the east. Memphis' oldest and best known African-American community received its name from the rows of mock orange shrubs in the side yard of the Deadericks home.

(African Americans) Includes location, directions, GPS coordinates, map.

Südturm • South Tower • La Tour Sud

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Germany, Thuringia, Wartburgkreis, near Eisenach

South Tower
Substantial fortications must have always been in place on Wartburg Castle’s vulnerable south side, so it is reasonable to assume that the early 14th century tower replaced an even earlier structure. This three-storey tower, which is approx.. 20 metres tall, was once used as a dungeon.

Fritz Erbe, the Anabaptist – prisoner from 1540 to 1548
Fritz Erbe, a farmer in the village of Herda near Eisenach, was arrested in 1533. He had refused to have his newborn child baptized and had given shelter to a persecuted fellow sympathizer. Erbe was imprisoned in a dungeon in a tower on Eisenach’s town wall before being transferred to Wartburg Castle in 1540 for fear that the public’s solidarity with him might lead to unrest. Despite attempts to convert him, Fritz Erbe held fast to his beliefs until his death in 1548. His body is believed to have been buried on the Elisabethplan beneath Wartburg Castle. The most recent archaeological excavations have revealed a skeleton which may well be that of Fritz Erbe, according to the date of the remains and other archaeological finds.

Anabaptism
The Anabaptist movement was a separate development in the wake of the Reformation in the 1520s and 1530s. Despite their differences they shared the idea of a personal declaration of faith and the practice of adult baptism, i.e. adults forming their own Christian communities. The Baptists (called »Anabaptists« by their opponents) distanced themselves from the power of the state and, whatever their beliefs, were persecuted, banished or even executed, for example by the Ernestine electors. Fritz Erbe was spared this particular fate but only because the more benign Landgrave of Hessen was able to exercise his veto.

Südturm
An der wehrtechnisch empfindlichen Südseite muss die Wartburg schon in ihren Anfängen gut befestigt gewesen sein. Ein Vorgängerbau des ins beginnende 14.Jh. datierten Turms ist daher anzunehmen. Traurige Berühmtheit erlangte das ca. 23 m hohe, dreigeschossige Gebäude als Kerker.

Der Täufer Fritz Erbe – Gefangener von 1540 bis 1548
Nach abgelehnter Taufe seines neugeborenen Kindes und der verbotenen Aufnahme einer verfolgten Gleichgesinnten in sein Haus wurde der im Dorf Herda bei Eisenach ansässige Bauer 1533 verhaftet. Zunächst in einem Turmverlies an der Eisenacher Stadtmauer gefangen gehalten, überführte man Erbe 1540 auf die Wartburg, weil öffentliche Solidarität mit dem Häftling Unruhen befürchten ließ. Trotz Bekehrungsversuch hielt Fritz Erbe bis zum Tod 1548 an seinem Glauben fest. Laut Überlieferung wurde Erbes Leichnam auf dem Elisabethplan unterhalb der Wartburg dem Erdreich übergeben. Jüngste Grabungen brachten dort ein Skelett zutage, das sowohl zeitlich als auch nach archäologischen Befunden der sterbliche Überrest des Märtyrers sein kann.

Das Täufertum
Unabhängig voneinander und in unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen entstand die Täuferbewegung in Folge der Reformation in der 20er und 30er Jahren des 16.Jhs. Verbindendes Element waren Glaubensbekenntnis und –taufe Mündiger, d. h. Erwachsener, die eigene Christengemeinden bildeten. Die Täufer (von Gegnern »Wiedertäufer« genannt) distanzierten sich von der Staatsmacht und wurden ungeachtet aller Nuancierungen verfolgt, außer Landes verwiesen oder wie im Machtbereich der ernestinischen Kurfürsten mit dem Tode bestraft. Diesem Schicksal entgign Fritz Erbe durch das (hier verwaltungsrechtlich mögliche) Veto des milder unteilenden Landgrafen von Hessen.

La Tour Sud
[French version not transcribed]

(Churches, Etc. • Forts, Castles • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William J. Humphreys / Gap Mills

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West Virginia, Monroe County, Gap Mills

William J. Humphreys. Nearby noted meteorological physicist born 2/3/8162; died 11/10/1949. John Hopkins U. Ph.D., 1897; Director Mt. Weather Observatory 1905; famous for 1909 research on stratosphere; retired, Weather Service, 1935. Winds of Peters Mountain author.

Gap Mills. Formerly Moss Hole, re-named for cut in Gap Mountain & area grist mills in 1849. Wood’s party in 1671 were first whites to view. Four Maxwell sister’s families settled in 1790; led 1835 formation of Carmel Presbyterian Church. General Hunter retreated via Gap, 1864. Birthplace of Spanish-American War hero Andrew S. Rowan; physicist W. J. Humphreys; first WV Ruritan Club, 1949; and State Park designation, Moncove Lake, 1990. Native son Hon. Marion Shiflet, past WV house majority leader.

(Arts, Letters, Music • Notable Persons • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Daniel Roberts Thornton and Mary Anna (Garland) Thornton

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Texas, Erath County, Stephenville
D. R. Thornton from Mississippi married Mary Anna, daughter of frontier fighter Peter Garland in Anderson County, Texas, in 1853. The Thorntons settled here in 1857 as cattleraisers, and helped make this frontier safe for less hardy citizens. Mrs. Thornton was midwife and doctor to fellow settlers. The couple reared eight children. Thornton, a Confederate soldier in the Civil War (1860s), served as county commissioner (1876-78), and gave land for local school (1882). Hannibal Cemetery stands on the donated land.

(Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oak Dale Cemetery

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Texas, Erath County, Stephenville
Founders of Oak Dale community began arriving in 1867. They included: John R. Pickard; George Lidia, who became Pickard's son-in-law; the Rev. James M. Johnson, a Methodist minister; and William Jasper Mefferd. These men and their families, including Johnson's four sons, harvested timber along the Bosque River to build cabins and began farming the land. Samuel Johnson chose Oak Dale as the settlement's name for the abundance of the trees in the area.

By 1868, the wives of both John Pickard and James Johnson were interred here on Pickard's land; the graves are now unmarked. The first marked burial is that of two-day-old Ruth Ann Johnson (d. 1877).

Local residents established Oak Dale School, which consolidated with Stephenville in 1951. There were also a Baptist church and a Methodist church until the mid-20th century, when they likewise moved to the county seat.

Today, Oak Dale Cemetery is a link to the early settlement, which began to decline in population during the Great Depression and World War II. It is the final resting place of generations of area residents, including military veterans of conflicts dating to the Civil War.
Historic Texas Cemetery - 2004

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Battle of Monterey Pass/Michigan Cavalry Brigade

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Pennsylvania, Franklin County, Waynesboro

(side 1)
Battle of Monterey Pass

During a torrential rainstorm on the night of July 4-5, 1863, the Michigan Cavalry Brigade moved to intercept the retreating Army of Northern Virginia by attacking the miles-long wagon train of the Second Corps, and its cavalry escort at this location. The opposing troops collided in hand-to-hand combat in the narrow pass. The 5th Michigan Cavalry, led by Colonel Russell A. Alger, future Secretary of War and Michigan Governor, charged up the eastern slope an across Red Run Creek Bridge. Although “nothing was discernible a half dozen paces ahead,” Union forces triumphed. By 3:00 A.M. they had taken many supplies and captured thirteen hundred Confederate prisoners. Michigan Historical Commission-Michigan Historical Center, Registered State site No. 728. 2012.This marker is the property of the State of Michigan.

(side 2)
Michigan Cavalry Brigade

The Michigan Cavalry Brigade was formed in December 1862 of the 5th, 6th and 7th Michigan Cavalry regiments with General Joseph T. Copeland commanding. In June 1863 the addition of the 1st Michigan Cavalry and Battery M, 2nd U.S. Artillery, completed the brigade. On the eve of the Battle of Gettysburg, George A. Custer of Monroe assumed command with his promotion to brigadier general. On July 3, 1863, the brigade helped repulse General J.E.B. Stuart’s Confederate cavalry. It fought in every major campaign of the Army of the Potomac until the surrender of General Lee at Appomattox Court House in April 1865. Nine brigade members received Medals of Honor for heroism during the Civil War.
Michigan Historical Commission-Michigan Historical Center
Registered State Site No. 726, 2012
This marker is the property of the State of Michigan


(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dr. Henry Harbaugh

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Pennsylvania, Franklin County, Waynesboro
Pennsylvania-German author, theologian, and educator, 1817-1867, was born one and one-half miles distant. The house is marked by a monument.

(Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Snow Hill Cloister

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Pennsylvania, Franklin County, Waynesboro
An offshoot of Ephrata Cloister in Lancaster County, deriving its name from the Snowberger family active in its foundation. Composed of widows, widowers, and single persons, with goods held in common, it prospered from 1814 until the Civil War

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Davis

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Pennsylvania, Franklin County, Mercersburg
Built about 1755, on land of Philip Davis. Farthest south in this State of a line of settlers' refuges from Indian attacks. The site is about a mile away.

(Colonial Era • War, French and Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Black Boys Rebellion

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Pennsylvania, Franklin County, Mercersburg
This conflict began in 1765 on the site of the Widow Barr's house west of here, when British troops from Fort Loudon skirmished with a group of white settlers, wounding colonist James Brown. "The Black Boys," led by James Smith, opposed renewed trade relations with the Indians due to recent attacks, often disrupting British supply shipments to western forts. The incident is considered by many to be the first armed resistance to British rule.

(Colonial Era • Native Americans • War, French and Indian) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Impressionism in Connecticut

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Connecticut, New London County, Lyme

This Viewpoint extends the museum sites of the Connecticut Impressionist Art Trail – Connecticut’s Millennium Legacy Trail – to the outdoor settings that artists portrayed at the turn of the 20th century in a manner that came to be called American Impressionism. Visit the website for the Connecticut Impressionist Art Trail to learn more about the Trail, the other Viewpoints, and the leading role that Connecticut played in the development of American Impressionism.

The Artist
William Chadwick (1879-1962) was little more than a boy when he saw the vivid Impressionist landscapes that older American artists, notably Childe Hassam, Willard Metcalf, and Walter Griffin, were painting outdoors in places like Old Lyme, Connecticut. Inspired, he began adapting their bright colors and brushwork to the figures and interiors he had been doing. By the time he moved to Lyme year-round in 1915, after summering there from 1902, he was also painting the landscape, impressing fellow artists with his ability to capture its variety and spirit. Chadwick came so late to the Impressionist scene that widespread fame long eluded him. His sunny images and fine skills were not given their due until American Impressionism itself was rediscovered in the 1980s. His Lyme studio, filled with the things he used in his long career, can now be seen on the campus of the Florence Griswold Museum in Old Lyme.

The Painting
Rather than celebrate the majesty of the Connecticut River, as earlier artists had, American Impressionists tended to highlight the shoreline and did so in unconventional ways. Chadwick, who probably painted this scene a bit farther down river, created an intimate space that downplays breadth and depth. Foreground, rather than the traditional middle, is key here, and intimations of movement and life more important than an illusion of reality. American Impressionist art was optimistic, offering hope and emotional respite from societal changes as America moved into the 20th century. In Chadwick’s painting, bright sunlight casts no shadow. The off-center focus and stippled brushwork focus the eye on the picture’s surface, as do color patches that resonate with one another and with the animated lines of the trees. The blue river, filtered as through a screen, looks more flat than broad as it surrounds the golden tree, which insistently draws the eye upward, not into the distance. Nonetheless, the artist has designed the scene to look disarmingly natural. Nature here is not meant to awe but to please and to comfort.

The Place
William Chadwick and other painters who developed American Impressionism in Connecticut probably knew this place. The Chester-Hadlyme ferry has been in service since 1769, when long poles pushed the boat across the river until a steam-powered barge was introduce in 1879. The Connecticut Transportation Department took charge in 1917 and has employed a motor-driven vessel since 1949. In 1917, too, a huge construction project was underway on the hill above. William Gillette, a famous Connecticut actor whose portrayals of Sherlock Holmes continue to affect the way we view the fictional detective, was building his dream house, an elaborate and imaginative “castle.” Acquired in 1943 by the State Park and Forest Commission, the actor’s home and its extensive grounds are open to the public. Gillette’s collection of American Impressionist paintings, as well as amazing domestic conveniences of his own devising, remain in the house. The park, a place for picnicking and relaxing, offers a view like those dear to American Impressionists in the early 20th century. The Department of Environmental Protection and organizations like the Nature Conservancy and local land trusts have recognized the great scenic and environmental importance of the Connecticut River estuary and have made significant progress in preserving this area for future generations.

The Connecticut Impressionist Art Trail Viewpoints have been made possible by funding from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, the Connecticut Office of Tourism and the Connecticut Tourism Council, and the Connecticut Impressionist Art Trail museums, with the support of the Connecticut Commission on the Arts, the National Assembly of States Arts Agencies, and the Connecticut State Parks. A project of Arts Projects on Millennium Trails.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

East Haddam Veterans Memorial

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Connecticut, Middlesex County, Moodus in East Haddam
For all those who gave their lives for us. you will not be forgotten
Revolutionary War (1775-1783) Stephon Ackley • Gideon Brainerd • Ichabod Champion • Daniel Ebenezer Cone 3rd • Joseph Cone • Ely Crosby • Chauncey Estabrook • Thomas Lyon • Samuel Estabrook • William Fowler • Bethuel Fuller • Timothy Fuller • Henry Gates • Jonah Gates • Giles Gilbert • Benjamin Graves • William Green • Joseph Hokes • John Hungerford • Jonah Lord • Aaron Lyon • Moses Olmsted • Charles Williams • Juda Warner War Of 1812 (1812-1815)
Mexican American War (1846-1848)
Civil War (1861-1865) Gilbert G. Reynolds • Atwel Benjamin • William Ingraham • Edward M. Lee • John F. Bingham • Joseph E. Andrews • Phineas P. Dowd • Benjamin V. Atwell • Eanard Bartlett • John A. Buell • William E. Brooks • Charles M. Wright • Charles Hyde • Samuel W. Fowler • Edmund C. Boug • William H. Reynolds • John W. Burns • Frederick A. Chapman • Samuel Burke • Andrew J. Palmer • Horatio N. Edwards • Eliphalet Bingham • Michael Hern • Hiram S. Fox • James Wright • Curtis S. Arnold • Albert H. Emmons • Lucien Button • Abner C. Smith • Frederik A. Spencer • James B. Chapman • Samuel W. Beckwith • Francis J. Stevens • Alfred Wheeler • George Grover • Thomas Francis Spanish American war (1988)
World War I (1914-1918)
Louis Yindra
World War 2 (1939-1945) Marvin Baron • James R. Douglas • Wavel B. Smith • Edward J. Mcmullen • Peter P. Golec • Lewis R. Soffer Korean War (1950-1953)
Vietnam (1959-1975)
James Ray Van Cederfeild
Gulf War (1990-1991)
Afganistan (2001-present)
Iraq (2003-2011) Made by Randy Holmgren

(Military) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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