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The Six Nations War Memorial

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Ontario, Brant County, Ohsweken
Lest We Forget
1914 - 1918
Lt. Brant, Cameron D. • Lt. Moses, James D. • Arron, William • Claus, Issac • Curley, Lloyd • Fish, Reuben • Garlow, James • Goosey, David • Groat, Samuel B. • Hill, Hiram • Hill, Roy • Homer, Harrison • Isaac, Frank • Isaac, Jacob • Jamieson, Arthur • John, Paul • Johnson, James W. • Johnson, Percy • Lickers, Roy • Licker, Thomas • Lickers, William • Lottridge, Welby • Martin, Walter • Miller, Huron S. • Montour, William • Newhouse, Henry • Peters, Alex • Sandy, Adam • Smith, William • Staats, Frank • Thomas, Charles • Tobicoe, Maxwell • VanEvery, Fred • Vyce, James • Walker, Frank • Wilson, John • Wilson, James • Wilson, Simon • Wilson, Louis • Yellow, Newton • Johnson, William H.

Hill 70 • Passchendale • Amiens • Arras • Mons
In memory of Those Who Served and Died In The
Korean Conflict
1950 — 1953

Ypres • Festubert • Givenchy • Somme • Vimy Ridge
In memory of Those Who Served and Died In The
Vietnam Conflict
1960 — 1975

1939 — 1945
Dieppe • Sicily • Italy • North-west Europe
Ernest G. Brabley • Wilfred H. Bradley • Jacob S. Brant • Elwood M. Burnham • Leslie J. Capton • Joseph E. Henry • George L. Hill • Harold Jameson • David E. John • Ernest A. Jonathan • Maxwell J. King • Lawrence A. Laforme • Walter H. Lewis • Francis Maracle • Franklyn Marin • Wilfred Obeoiah • Welbey L. Patterson • Randall A. Powless • Huron L. Smith • William G. Smith • Roy H. Williams
Qa-Yo-Den-Se-Ra Yah-Ten-O- Wen-Na
Erected to the memory of the members of
The Six Nations and Mississonga Indians
who fell in the Great War and to those who served.

(War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The War of 1812 - 1814

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Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM, Coteau-du-Lac
English:
With the development of lighter artillery, the art of warfare underwent important changes in the second half of the 18th century and early 19th century. Sudden, rapid manoeuvers (sic) began to replace the slow and stationary siege. Many new light infantry and artillery corps were created at this time and an increasing number of militia corps were called up; these measures resulted in greater mobility for the armed forces.

The strategy and tactics developed during the Anglo-American War of 1812 reflected this evolution. Although naval forces on the Great Lakes continued to play a major role throughout the conflict, British officiers became increasingly concerned about overland routes in invasion. From the time hostilities began, the British were on the lookout for enemy movement on these routes, and they counted on the mobility of their defensive troops and the speed with which they could reach the theatre of war.

British forces at Coteau-du-Lac During the War of 1812, many infantry and artillery detachments, as well as several militia corps, converged on Coteau-du-Lac. Some were assigned to garrison duties and took part in the construction of defensive works, while other were only passing through on their way to a further destination on the Great Lakes front. In addition, many of the troops assembled at Coteau-du-Lac had a mission to ward off any land manoeurvres made by the enemy between Prescott and Montréal.
For example, in February of 1814, the military force at Coteau-du-Lac included at least 13 officiers and over 300 soldiers of the 103rd Infantry Regiment, which had established its 1813-1814 winter headquarters there. These men were accompanied by 34 women and 26 children. At the same time, over 50 soldiers of Royal Artillery, 33 militiamen from the 5th Battalion Embodied Militia and 3 soldiers from the Royal Veterans’ Battalion were all staying at Coteau-du-Lac.

French:
Favorisé par le développement de l’artillerie plus légère, l’art de la guerre subit d’importants changements dans la deuxième moitié du 18ᵉ et au début du19ᵉ siècle. La manoeuvre rapide et soudaine remplace graduellement le siège lent et immobile. On assiste alors a la prolifération des corps l’infanterie et d’artillerie légèrement équipés et a la mobilisation de plus en grande des corps de milices, ce qui contribue à une plus grande mobilité des armées.

La stratégie et la tactique développées durant la guerre anglo-américaine de 1812-1814, reflètent cette évolution. Bien que les forces navales, sur les Grands-Lacs, jouent un rôle de premier plan durant la durée du conflit, les voies terrestres de pénétration préoccupent de plus en plus les officiers britanniques. Dès le début des hostilités, ils se soucient des mouvements ennemis sur ces routes et misent sur la mobilité des troops défensives et sur leur rapidité à se transporter sur le théâtre d la affrontement.

Les effectifs britanniques à Coteau-du-Lac
Durant le conflit de 1812-1814 de nombreux détachement d’infanterie et d’artillerie de même que plusieurs corps de miliciens convergent vers Coteau-du-lac. Si les uns sont affectés aux tâches de garnison de participent à la construction des ouvrages défensifs, d’autres sont en transit pour une destination plus éloignée, sur le front de Grands-Lacs. En outre, un grand nombre d’effectifs, concentrés à Couteau, ont pour mission de parer au mouvements terrestres de l’ennemi entre Prescott et Montréal.

À titre d’exemple, en février 1814, on dénombre la presence d’au moins 13 officiers et de plus de 300 soldats du 103ᵉ regiment d’Infanterie, qui avait d’ailleurs établi à Coteau-du-lac son quartier général pour l’hiver 1813-1814. Ces hommes sont accompagnés de 34 femmes et de 26 enfants. Au même moment, plus de 50 soldats de l’artillerie royale, 33 miliciens de 5 bataillon de même que 3 soldats de 10ᵉ bataillon royal des vétérans séjournent à Coteau-du-lac.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

North blockhouse / Le blockhaus nord

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Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM, Coteau-du-Lac
English:
These masonry features are the remains of the north blockhouse built by the British army during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Erected to protect the canal, this building was also used as a barracks and as a storehouse for food and munitions. It was destroyed sometime after 1779, then rebuilt during the War of 1812. The new blockhouse had the same trapezoidal shape as the old one but was oriented in a different direction. Plans from the 1850s no longer show a blockhouse in this position.

Temporary officers’ quarters - North storehouse
These masonry features are the remains of the north storehouse built by the British army during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Goods in transit to Upper Canada were stored in this building. It was erected adjacent to the canal to facilitate the loading of vessels. During the War of 1812, it was used as the engineers’ store and a temporary officiers’ quarters. During the 1830s, it was replaced with a smaller building that was used as the commissariat store. The storehouse was sold in 1872.

French:
Ces vestiges de maçonnerie sont les restes du blockhaus nord construit par l’armée britannique au cours de la Révolution américaine (1775-1783). Érigé dans le but de protéger le canal, ce bâtiment servit également de logement pour les militaires et d’entrepôt pour les vivres et les munitions, Il fut détruit en 1779 puis reconstruit durant la guerre de 1812. Le dernier ouvrage conserva le même forme trapézoïdale que le premier mais fut orienté différemment. Il disparut au cours des années 1850.

Le logement temporaire des officiers - L’entrepôt nord
Ces vestiges de maçonnerie sont les restes du blockhaus nord construit par l’armée britannique au cours de la Révolution américaine (1775-1783). Les marchandises en transit vers le Haut-Canada y étaient entreposées. Le bâtiment était érigé en bordure du canal pour faciliter le chargement des bateaux. Lors de la guerre de 1812, il servit de dépôt pour le matériel de génie et de logement temporaire pour les officiers. Durant les années 1830, une construction plus petite lui succéda, que fut utilisée comme entrepôt pour l’intendance. L’entrepôt fut vendu en 1872.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A supply centre / Un poste de ravitaillement

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Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM, Coteau-du-Lac
English:
Even before the canal was constructed, Coteau-du-Lac was used as a supply centre for goods being shipped to the Great Lakes posts. In 1779, two storehouses were built on the site: one was reserved for general merchandise, while the other was designed for liquid merchandise, such as rum.

The supply system developed at this time made it possible to gain several days in the spring, when provisions were needed by the more distant posts, which generally ran out of stock by early June. During the fall and winter, merchandise was transported over land routes were loaded onto “batteaux”, which carried them to Carleton Island at the eastern tip of Lake Ontario. From there, the goods were transferred onto larger ships which brought them to their final destination.

Goods for far-away posts on the Great Lakes
The two storehouses built at Coteau-du-Lac were three stories high and covered a surface of 160 square metres. In 1780, the storehouses used for general merchandise held pork on the ground floor, flour on the second floor and biscuits in the attic.

According to the balance sheet for provisions shipped from Lachine and Coteau-du-Lac to Carleton Island in 1780, nearly 900 trips were made by “bateau” to transport the goods needed to supply 6,000 people stationed in various ports on the Great Lakes.

French:
Avant même la construction du canal, Coteau-du-lac devient un centre de ravitaillement destiné à l’expédition des marchandises vers les postes de Grands Lacs. En 1779, deux entrepôts y sont construits: l’un était réservé à l’entreposage des marchandises générales tandis que l’autre était destine aux marchandises liquides, tel le rhum.

Le système d’approvisionnement développé à l’époque permettait de gagner plusieurs jours au printemps, alors que les postes les plus éloignés épuisaient généralement leurs provisions dès le début juin. Durant l’automne et l’hiver, les merchandises étaient transportées par voie de terre depuis Montréal jusqu’a Coteau-du-lac. Au printemps, ces provisions étaient chargées sur des «batteaux» qui assuraient la navette jusqu’à l’île Carleton, à l’entrée du lac Ontario. De là, elles étaient transbordées sur de plus gros navires qui les acheminaient vers leurs destinations définitives.

Des marchandises destinées aup post éloignés des Grands-Lacs.
Les deux entrepôts construits à Coteau-du-lac couvraient une superficie de 160 mètres carrés et comportaient 3 niveaux. En 1780, l’entrepôt réservé aux marchandises générales contenait du porc au rez-de-chaussée, de la farine à l’étage et des biscuits au grenier.

D’après le bilan des provisions expédiées de Lachine et de Coteau-du-lac vers l’île Carleton en 1780, près de 900 voyages de «batteaux» ont acheminé les denrées nécessaires à l’approvisionnement de 6 000 personnes réparties dans les différents postes des Grands-Lacs.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Destination: Great Lakes / Destination: Les Grands Lacs

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Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM, Coteau-du-Lac

English:
During the American War of Independence, Frederick Haldimand, Governor of the Province of Quebec, had a supply post built at Coteau-du-Lac, given the site’s strategic location between Montreal and the Great Lakes. As early as 1779, blockhouse, palisades and abatis protected the canal and the post from a possible surprise attack by the American “rebels.”

Explore the remains of the two storehouses built on the site in 1779-1780: — the North storehouse (A), used for general merchandise (pork, flour, biscuits, nails):

— the South storehouse (B), initially intended for liquids such as rum, but soon used for storing provisions.
The two buildings were each two storeys high and together measured about 160 square metres. They were built next to the canal, to make it easier to load and unload vessels.

According to a 1780 record of supplies shipped from Lachine and Coteau-du-Lac to Carleton Island on Lake Ontario, nearly 900 trips were made by flat-bottomed “batteaux” via Coteau-du-Lac to transport provisions for 6,000 people stationed at various posts on the Great Lakes.

French:
À l’occasion de la guerre de l’indépendance américaine, le gouverneur de la colonie du Québec, Frederick Haldimand, fait aménager un centre de ravitaillement de l’armée britannique à Coteau-du-Lac, qui occupe une position avantageuse sur la route entre Montréal et les Grands Lacs. À partier de 1779, des blockhaus, des palissades et des abattis protègent le canal et les autres installations contre un éventuel coup de main des «rebelles» américains.
Découvrez les vestiges des deux entrepôts construits en 1779-1780, soit:

— l’entrepôt Nord (A),destiné aux marchandises générales (porc, farine, biscuits, clous):

— l’entrepôt (B), (magasin de la caserne), destiné d’abord aux marchandises liquides, tel le rhum, puis, rapidement aux vivres.

Les deux bâtiments comportent deux étages et couvrent ensemble un superficie de 160 mètres carrés. Ils sont construits en bordure du canal afin de faciliter le chargement des bateaux.

En 1760, d’après un état de provisions expédiées de Lachine et du Coteau-du-Lac à l’île Carleton (lac Ontario), Apres de 900 voyages de bateaux a fond plat transitant par ici avaient acheminé les denrées nécessaires à l’approvisionnement de 6 000 personnes réparties dans les différents postes des Grands Lacs.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A strategic site / Un lieu stratégique

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Quebec, Vaudreuil-Soulanges RCM, Coteau-du-Lac
English:
During the American Revolution, Governor Haldimand decided to establish a supply centre at Coteau-du-Lac, since it was well situated on the line of communication between Montréal and the Great Lakes. As early as 1779, blockhouses, palisaded works and abattis protected the installations from possible raid or surprise attack by a small force.

The War of 1812 changed Coteau-du-Lac’s defensive role considerably. Now that the American border was only a few kilometres away, the enemy could bypass Kingston and attack Montréal directly, thus isolating the defensive forces of Upper and Lower Canada. Since Coteau-du-Lac was still vital to controlling communication between the two Canadas, the site needed stronger fortifications that could with-stand a major, artillery-supported attack.

A Site to be Defended
In addition to the fortified barracks and blockhouses, defensive works were set up on either side of the canal as part of the fortification complex constructed in 1813. To the west, a thick rampart protected the barracks, powder magazine and guardhouse from an attack the enemy might make on dry land. The rampart’s indented trace meant that firing angles intersected, thus ensuring that the defensive works were properly flanked.

The sector to the east of the canal was set up in view of controlling navigation on the river. Its principal feature was a battery situated on the point of Couteau-du-Lac and equipped with three 24-pounder guns. This artillery was mounted on traversing platforms, which could be swivelled to cover nearly a full circle with cannon fire. Nearby stood the octagonal blockhouse, commanding the rest of the fortifications.

French:
Lors de la guerre de la Revolution Américaine, le gouverneur Haldimand décide d’aménager un centre de ravitaillement à Coteau-du-lac, qui occupe une position avantageuse pour les communications entre Montréal et les Grands Lacs. Dès 1779, blockhaus, palissades et abattis protègent les installations contre un éventuel coup de main ou une petite attaque surprise.

La guerre de 1812-1814 modifie sensiblement le rôle défensif de Coteau-du-lac. La frontière américaine, dorénavant située à quelques kilomètres, ouvre la possibilité à l’ennemi de contourner Kingston, pour attaquer directement Montréal et isoler les forces defensives des deux Canada. Coteau-du-lac, toujours essentiel au contrôle de la communications entre le Bas et le Haut Canada, nécessite alors un fortification plus importante, capable de résister à une attaque majeure supportée par l’artillerie.

Une place à défendre
Outre les casernes fortifiées et les blockhaus, l’ensemble défensif construit en 1813 comporte deux entités aménagées de part de d’autre du canal. À l’ouest, un volumineux rempart protège les casernes, la poudrier ainsi que le corps de garde contre une attaque de l’ennemi, qui pourrait provenir de la terre ferme. Le trace découpe du rempart assure le croisement des angles de tir, nécessaire au flanquement des ouvrages défensifs.

Le secteur aménagé à l’est du canal a pour objectif de contrôler la navigation sur le fleuve. Il est principalement doté d’une batterie, située sur la pointe du Coteau, et qui se compose de trois pieces de 24 livres. Cette artillerie, montée sur des plateformes pivotantes, permet de soutenir le feu sur près de 360º . À proximité, on retrouve le blockhaus octagonal, qui offre une position de commandement sur l’ensemble des fortifications.

(Forts, Castles • War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Monterey's Historic Railway -- from Passengers to Industry

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California, Monterey County, Monterey
The Monterey and Salinas Valley Railroad, established in 1874, was Monterey's first rail connection to the outside world. Purchased by Southern Pacific in 1879, passenger service soon began allowing the development of Monterey as a tourist destination. The railroad also transported the many settlers to Monterey, including the first Italians to fish Monterey waters. During World War II, the Railroad played a key role in transporting the many troops who came to Fort Ord for basic training. The Southern Pacific Railroad was instrumental in Monterey Peninsula's growth and economic success. The Pacific Grove branch transported sand from Asilomar Beach and most of Monterey's fish canneries and warehouses were located adjacent to the tracks for direct loading onto freight cars for transport to market.

Photos provided by The Pat Hathaway Collection www.caviews.com

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sam Morse

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California, Monterey County, Pebble Beach
Sam Morse was a preservationist long before fashionable. In 1915, he was sent by the Pacific Improvement Company to liquidate its land holdings in the region, including the area now known as Pebble Beach. Instead of pursing the liquidation, Morse decided to form an investment group to buy the land himself.

Over the 50 years, Morse presided over the careful and orderly development of the property. It included the creation of a special style of resort experience he once described simply as "selling happiness."

In a gesture that clearly indicated his unique perspective, Morse destroyed the original development plans, which would have put the best views in private lands. Instead, he pursued the novel idea of creating a golf course on the bluffs above Carmel Bay. What resulted is arguably the most famous and scenic resort destination in the world. Thanks to Sam Morse, Pebble Beach remains a spectacular site shared with thousands of visitors each year.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Sports) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Thelma Davidson de López

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El Salvador, San Salvador, San Salvador

San Salvador Nuestra Capital
Plaza Thelma Davidson de López
En reconocimiento
A sus destacados esfuerzos al desarrollo profesional de la medicina, alto espíritu de humanismo, fundadora de entidades altruistas y de reconocidas empresas a nivel nacional e internacional en beneficio de la población.
“Por su paso en la vida, haciendo el bien”
Doctor Norman Quijano, Alcalde de San Salvador
Diciembre 2009

English translation:

San Salvador Our Capital
Plaza Thelma Davidson de López
In recognition
For her outstanding efforts in the professional development of medicine, spirit of humanism, founder of altruistic entities and companies recognized at both the national and international for the benefit of the people.
"Her path in life - doing good"
Doctor Norman Quijano, Mayor of San Salvador
December 2009

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fire Bell Tower

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Washington, Jefferson County, Port Townsend

This is the last remaining wooden fire bell tower in the United States.

Port Townsend’s Fire Bell Tower is a 75-foot wooden structure built in 1890 to hold a 1,500 pound brass bell and the city's new $900 fire engine.

The ringing bell rallied the community to fight fires, providing a coded signal as to the location and severity of the blaze.

In October of 1889, the American Telegraph Company began erecting poles and stringing wires—the poles to be equipped with boxes containing signaling devices for the transmission of fire alarms. Gamewell Company “Excelsior” model fire alarm boxes were installed at strategic locations throughout the city. By 1933 twenty-one were in service.

An “indicator unit” in the fire station at City Hall received the transmission and its 14-inch brass bell rang in a timed pattern. The device decoded the signal and displayed the specific alarm box number. Firefighters, arriving at the fire hall, checked the number on the indicator and rushed off to the location of the fire.

The bell ringer unit transmitted the coded location of the pull-box alarm to the Bell Tower. One of the fire¬fighters at the station would then select the number of times the bell ringer would cycle the coded signal for one, two or three alarm fires.

Since 1890 the wooden tower has weathered countless storms. Every decade or so, the community comes together for yet another round of fundraising for its restoration. In March 2004, the Washington State Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP) named Port Townsend's Fire Bell Tower, restored by the Jefferson County Historical Society and the City of Port Townsend, as the recipient of the 2004 State. Historic Preservation Officer’s Award for Resource Stewardship.

(Communications) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bicentennial Park

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El Salvador, San Salvador, San Salvador

Alcaldía Municipal de Antiguo Cuscatlán
Milagro Navas Alcaldesa
Alcaldía Municipal de San Salvador
Norman Quijano Alcalde
En ocasión de celebrar
El Bicentenario del Primer Grito de Independencia
Las Alcaldías Municipales de San Salvador y Antigua Cuscatlán con la colaboración de Salvanatura entregan a la ciudadanía el
Parque del Bicentenario
Este es el mayor legado a la población del Área Metropolitano de San Salvador en materia de preservación de nuestros recursos naturales, así como un aporte valioso a la educación y el esparcimiento de las presentes y futuras generaciones.
San Salvador, 5 de Noviembre de 2011.
Salvanatura Fundación Ecológica

English translation:
Municipality of Antiguo Cuscatlán
Milagro Navas Mayor
Municipality of San Salvador
Norman Quijano Mayor
On the occasion of celebrating the
Bicentennial of the First Cry of Independence
The Municipal Mayors of San Salvador and Antiguo Cuscatlán in collaboration with Salvanatura offer to their citizens the
Bicentennial Park
This is the greatest legacy to the population of the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador in the preservation of our natural resources and in providing a valuable contribution to the education and recreation of present and future generations.
San Salvador, November 5, 2011.
Salvanatura Ecological Foundation



(Natural Resources) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Local Railway Led the Way to America's Salad Bowl.

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California, Monterey County, Monterey
The Railroad was critical to the development of the Salinas Valley's agriculture industry. As depicted in John Steinbeck's East of Eden, the advent of refrigerated rail meant that lettuce grown in the Salinas Valley could be transported coast to coast earning Salinas Valley the moniker "America's Salad Bowl."

The earliest rail cars used ice for cooling. Large wood crates were loaded into box cars and packed with ice, hence crisp head lettuce became known as "Iceberg Lettuce."

In the 1950's, Bud Antle revolutionized the lettuce industry with vaccum cooling and corrugated cartons. Lettuce could then be field packed and vacuum cooled for freshness. The corrugated boxes were then loaded into mechanically refrigerated box cars eliminating the need for ice, vastly improving the lettuce quality which triggered the demand for Salinas Valley produce thoughout America.

(Agriculture • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bell Tower

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Washington, Jefferson County, Port Townsend
For more than 50 years, the bell was used to call volunteer fire fighters to their posts. It is the only known tower of its kind in the United States. It was restored in 2003 by the Jefferson County Historical Society and the City of Port Townsend and remains an important reminder of our heritage.

Visit other Historical Society sites including Historical Museum in Old City Hall, 540 Water Street, The Rothschild House, Franklin and Taylor; Archival and Genealogical Research Center, 13690 Airport Cutoff Road.

Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Irene Masteller Mural

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California, Monterey County, Pacific Grove

The first panel:
The native people of this coastal area - The Rumsien Ohlone and The Esselen - lived in a world of natural beauty and abundance for thousands of years. Their way of life was drastically changed by the arrival of the Europeans. Those who survived adapted to their new world, and today, many descendants of these original people feel strong ties to their ancestors and to this land.

Second panel:
In 1880, the population of Pacific Grove's Chinatown was over 100 men, women, and children. Within this makeshift village, located were Hopkins Marine Station now stands, the Chinese practiced their traditions and developed the techniques of nighttime squid fishing. A mysterious and tragic fire destroyed most of the village in 1906. Forced to move on, the Chinese families persevered, and still continue to make significant contributions to their communities in Monterey County and beyond.

Third Panel:
In 1875, Mr. David Jacks, whose substantial landholdings included a grove adjoining his Monterey property, made a legal agreement with San Francisco's Howard Street Methodist Episcopal Church. The Pacific Grove Retreat Association was formed, and 30 X 60 "Tenting Lots" were sold, at $50 per site. This paradise in the Grove inspired the saying, "Carmel-By-The-Sea, Monterey-By-The-Smell, and Pacific Grove-By-God".

Fourth Panel:
Japanese Brothers Gennosuke and Chujiro Kodani, educated in Marine Biology and Fisheries Management, introduced diving helmets, suits and gear from Japan to the Abalone Fishing Industry of 1898. In 1904, Otosaburo Noda, a leader of the Japanese Community, began building a Japanese Tea House on Lover's Point. The elegant tea house was torn down in 1918.

Artist John Ton

(Industry & Commerce • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 15 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Commemorating 75th Anniversary of Long Beach

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California, Los Angeles County, Long Beach

William Erwin Willmore who was in this area in 1870 visualized a town would be built here. In 1882 this materialized as Willmore City; becoming the City of Long Beach in 1888.

November 16, 1963
Native Sons of the Golden West
Long Beach Parlor #278
Native Daughters of the Golden West
Long Beach Parlor #154

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista De Anza

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California, Monterey County, Carmel
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista De Anza by decree of Carlos III of Spain. Led an expedition to this site the mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area. De Anza Expedition 1775 - 1776

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Who Has Lived Here?

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California, San Bernardino County, Nipton
Humans have lived in the Mojave Desert for perhaps 12,000 years. The earliest humans inhabited this region during times of higher precipitation, when the dry lake beds of today were filled with water. Their projectile points, scrapers, and other simple stone tools are sometimes found near ancient lake shores. The bow and arrow came into use, as did pottery and basket making. As the climate became more arid and the lakes went dry, the people of the Mojave began traveling with the seasons over large areas to collect food. Grinding stones were used to process seeds and tough vegetable foods. By 1200 A.D., native groups across the region were diversifying. Marine Shell beads found in the Mojave are evidence of trade with coastal groups.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cypress Point Lookout

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California, Monterey County, Pebble Beach
In 1542, the explorer Cabrillo called this point of land Cabo de Nieve - Cape Snow- to describe the white landscapes before him. No one's sure what he saw. In 1774, Tomás de la Peña, a missionary, gave this western-most point on the Monterey Peninsula the name. La Punta de cipreses, or Cypress Point. The name stuck and became official in 1967.

Surrounding you are the majestic trees for which Cypress Point was named. During Cabrillo's time this species was near extinction. It occurs naturally in only two places - from here to Pescadero Point (four stops to the south) and at Point Lobos (south of Carmel). Today, Monterey cypress have been planted worldwide, usually near coastlines.

(Exploration • Horticulture & Forestry) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Lost Lake

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California, San Bernardino, Zzyzx
The dry lake bed before you was once part of ancient Lake Mojave. During the last ice age, a cooler and wetter climate produced the Mojave River. It flowed inland about 150 miles from the San Bernardino Mountains, until its waters became trapped here in this basin. An abundant animal and plant community thrived in and around the ancient lake.

As the climate became warmer and drier, the rivers and lakes eventually dried up, exposing the remaining sediments to the wind. Sand and dust began to blow across the landscape, leaving behind this lost lake.

(Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Movement in the Desert

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California, San Bernardino County, Nipton
To cross the dry and rugged Mojave Desert, early inhabitants developed foot trails traveling from spring to spring. These trails evolved from footpaths to pack routes and then wagon roads as Euro-Americans entered the desert. Railroad routes strayed from the wagon roads in search of easier grades, and the first automobile roads followed the rail lines, as trains could be flagged down in an emergency.

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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