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Josset's House

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet

Josset’s House 1969

This private house was destroyed in the hurricane of 1980 and by the action of the sea. By that time the owner, Josset Legh, had returned to England after a forty-year romance with her tropical island paradise.

In 1937 Josset secured a long term lease for Pigeon Island. She relinquished her lease during the American occupation of World War II, but returned in 1947 to build a thriving yacht haven. Her hospitality, charm and flair have become part of Pigeon Island’s legends. [Caption] Painted by Josset circa 1950

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Town of Lytle

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Georgia, Walker County, Chickamauga
The presence of military troops at the Chickamauga Park during the Spanish American war constituted the most activities seen there since the Civil War. A small community, called Lytle, grew up just outside the camp.

A contemporary description of the town of Lytle, where the troops arrived, pointed up the massive confusion that typified the first days of the Chickamauga Park. “Debarking from the train of the single track road which is the only railway connecting between Chickamauga and the great camp, the visitor finds himself in the trampling turmoil of ‘Fake-town,’ as the boys have dubbed the aggregation of shanties and rude shelters comprising the town of Lytle. Fighting his way out of the crush of hurrying man, shying horses, tangled vehicles, piled-up army stores and shouting vendors, he winds to the top of the hill beyond ‘Bloody Pond’ and looks back upon the maelstrom which he has just escaped. There is no familiar feature in this scene. The sleepy little hamlet has disappeared, and its place has been usurped by a busy railway yard with many tracks, the temporary town, the long lines of one-story warehouses, huge corrals for stock, and heaped-up mountains of supplies for which there is yet no room in the warehouses.”

While Chattanooga businesses benefited from the infusion of money each payday, the town of Lytle was always there for those who could not afford a trip to the large city. Any soldier at Camp Thomas could get to Lytle in a few minutes even own foot. A strip of bars, houses of prostitution, and gambling halls known as “The Midway” ran day and night.

Not all soldiers were welcomed at Lytle. Edward A. Johnson, with the all-black 25th U.S. Infantry Regiment, wrote: “we arrived at Chickamauga Park about April 15, 1898, being the first regiment to arrive at that place. We were a curiosity. Thousands of people, both white and colored, from Chattanooga, Tenn., visited us daily. Many of them had never seen a colored soldier. The behavior of the men was such that even the most prejudiced could find no fault … all along the route from Missoula, Montana, with the exception of one or two places in Georgia, we had been received most cordially. But in Georgia, outside of the park, it mattered not if we were soldiers of the United States, and going to fight for the honor of our country and the freedom of an oppressed and starving people, we were … treated… with contempt. I must pass over the events and incidents of camp life in Chickamauga.

During the few months of operation more than 72,000 soldiers had been at Camp Thomas. By the middle of September, however, all units, except seven battalions of the Sixth and Eighth U.S. Volunteer Infantry had departed. General Boynton, who in June had been appointed brigadier general of volunteers, now assumed command of Camp Thomas. He ordered all nonmilitary trading establishments closed, including those along the infamous Midway, Lytle quickly became a ghost town.

For more information on historic Chickamauga, please visit the Depot Museum, inquire at Town Hall or look up the homepages for the city of Chickamauga and the Chickamauga campaign trail on the Internet:
www.CityofChickamaugaGeorgia.org
and
www.ChickamaugaCampaignTrail.org.

(Settlements & Settlers • War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Harley Long Building

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Ohio, Logan County, Bellefontaine
The Harley Long Building

This building is named in honor of
a faithful and trusted employee of
the Park Department for twenty- nine years.

March 1, 1982

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lime Kiln

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet

Lime Kiln
Eighteenth century

The most intensive period of British occupation on Pigeon Island was from 1779 to 1783. The lime kiln was one of the first structures built.

Lime was used as a binding agent for all masonry work. White lime was made from coral and shell which was piled up and set on fire. The lime turned to powder and mixed with the ash. The mixture was then pulled out with a hoe, and mixed with sand, water, egg and straw to form the binding agent.

The original steps of the lime kiln were probably modified when Josset Legh converted it to a small cabin, known as Cob’s Roost in the 1950s.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Musket Redoubt

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet

Musket Redoubt 1782

This outpost to Fort Rodney was built in 1782 to protect the ridge top from surprise attack from sea. The soldiers could be hidden in the sunken area and they could stand on the platform and look down on both sides of the glacis or slopes.

Directly above is Signal Peak, and below is the whole of Rodney Bay. Morne Pimant is to the south, and on a clear day you can see Martinique, 40 kilometers (25 miles) to the north.


(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Carib Caves

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet

Carib Caves
The Caribbean Sea gets its name from the Calingo or Carib people from South America who began their migration northward into the Antilles about 1000 A.D. They settled in areas close to the mainland supplies of fresh water, flora and fauna, near the sea but safe from surprise attack.

As well as building wood and thatch shelters, the Carib also exhibited troglodytic or cave-dwelling tendencies and used these small caves among the borders along the shoreline.

They dived for conch shells and fished with bow and arrow, spears, lines, nets. The also used birds such as the pelican and the kingfisher: a long line would be tied to the bird; once the bird had caught its fish, it would be quickly snatched away.

Look for offshore marine life and corals, coloured sea algae on the rocks beyond the caves, and orchids growing on the cliff face. Also look for the zemi on top of the big rock.

(Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gunslide

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet

Gunslide
Looking down the canyon you can see the deep bay where Admiral Rodney’s ships anchored during the years 1778-1782. The ships were able to lie at anchor in the deep water close to the island, and seamen where employed in hauling cannon and heavy equipment up this gunslide.

A line was run up from the top of the mast to the top of the gunslide on land. The cannon were winched up using anchor winches, and large spars served as triposds to help hoist the heavy guns and carriages up to the emplacements.

Heavy guns were brought from Rodey’s disabled line-of-battle ship Fame in April, 1780, and the seamen were given double rations of grog to encourage them on the job!

Look for the platform and the wall at the top with cobblestone where the pulley was operated.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Rodney

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet
Fort Rodney 1778

Pigeon Island, only some 40 kilometres (25 miles) south of the French base at Fort Royal, Martinique, had long been recognized by the British Admiral Rodney as an important observation and defensive site. In 1780 he wrote ”…this is the post the Governor of Martinique had set his eye on and if possessed by the enemy would deprive us of the best anchorage place in these islands and from which Martinique is always attackable…”

Fort Rodney was built in 1778 with an armament of three 24-pounders and two eleven and a half inch mortars. The cannons sat on timbers on the cobblestone platform, and the platform also served as a water catchment as you can see by the little drain around the walls that runs into the well. Water was used on the gun platform to swab the hot cannons and to remove gunpowder that did not ignite. For drinking, the water was filtered through a 3-gallon limestone filter. Next to the well you can see the powder magazine, a cool underground chamber where the gunpowder was kept.

Look for St. Lucia and the Pitons to the south-east, and on a clear day, Martinique to the north.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ridge Battery

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Gros Islet
Ridge Battery

The heaviest gun on Pigeon Island was sited here. It was a 32-pounder which could be turned from north to south to cover the St. Lucia Channel and Gros Islet Bay. The gun was used effectively in 1781 to repel the French invasion of Gros Islet.

Look for Martinique to the north, visible on clear days.

(Colonial Era • Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Arthur Lewis

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Saint Lucia, Castries, Castries
[Front]
William Arthur Lewis KT
Nobel Laureate
Economist
Born 23rd January 1915
Died 15th June 1991
For whom this college is named
Beloved husband of Gladys, Father of Elizabeth and Barbara
First Vice-Chancellor of the University of the West Indies
Co-founder of the United Nations Development Programme
First President of the the Caribbean Development Bank
“The fundamental cure for poverty is not money, but knowledge”
Teacher Author Gentle and Kind
Peace Dearest Friend

[Reverse]
William Arthur Lewis KT.
Born 23rd January 1915
Died 15th June 1991
For whom this College is named
RIP


(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fox Creek Bridge

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Ohio, Muskingum County, New Concord

1828 (DAR logo) 1936

In memory of the pioneers
who built this “S” bridge
the Ohio Society
Daughters of the American Revolution

(Bridges & Viaducts • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Clues from the Past

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Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith
The building in front of you is very much as it appeared in the 1890s. First used as a military barracks, it was later converted for use as a courthouse and jail. Over time its appearance changed to accommodate the different needs of the people using it. Between 1851 and 1887, the structure was 1 ½ stories with large porches. The second story of the courthouse was added in 1891 for use as a hospital for the prisoners, and the long porches were removed and replaced with shorter ones.

Historical accounts note that the second Fort Smith (1838-1871) had three water wells. The only one that has been located is under the circular patch of grass in front of you. Sheltered by the small gazebo visible in the photo, this well supplied water throughout much of the buildings history. After 1870, the well was replaced by other water sources such as cisterns and water pumped from the river. Look at the historic photographs and compare them to the building you see today. Notice clues of its former appearance by examining bricked in windows, remnants of porch foundations, changing roof lines, and brick color variations.

(Forts, Castles • Settlements & Settlers • Wars, US Indian) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Gordon I. Henslee

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Ohio, Clark County, New Carlisle

This park was built
in honor of
Gordon I. Henslee
who served the village of
New Carlisle, Ohio
as police chief
from 1932 to 1961
with an uncommon devotion
and dedication to duty and
his fellow citizens

(Charity & Public Work) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cal Lodge

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California, Nevada County, Norden

History
Today people travel swiftly along I-80 to their destinations in the Sierra, many times not even staying overnight. When they do stay overnight it is most likely in hotels or rental houses.

It was not always that way. Before I-80 people traveled much more slowly along Old Highway 40. They stopped at the many lodges, stores, and service stations along the two lane road to rest, stock up or buy souvenirs. They stayed in lodges with communal eating facilities and dormitory sleeping. Many hotels of the time had dormitory sleeping arrangements as well, such as the Soda Springs Hotel and the Lodge at Sugar Bowl. The Cal Lodge was, and still is, one of those lodges offering a communal dining and lodging experience.

Cal Lodge has a rich history housing academic programs and student organizations such as the Cal Ski Team, has provided summer camp facilities for underprivileged children and has even been the site for the making of a movie about the Donner Party.

The original one room lodge, built in 1937 to help train the Cal ski team (below right in the 1930’s) , paid its $1,000 cost in just two years. That encouraged the building of a larger facility (original architect’s drawing above right) in 1939, this time for $7,000. The lodge has served as the main stopping place in the northern Sierra for thousands of students who have come to the mountains for physical adventure, greater cultural awareness, social enjoyment, and spiritual development.
The Cal Lodge is owned by the Associated Students of the Univ. of California (ASUC).

A Good Story
ASUC Builds Ski Lodge
Aid Needed in Construction; Work Rushed

ASUS… now constructing a new… ski lodge in the heart of the Sierra winter sports area at Norden… When completed… the three-story building will have sleeping accommodations for 25 men and 25 women… Reports from crew… indicate… construction is being rapidly pushed forward… George Gester ’40, president of the Winter Sports club, issued a call for volunteers yesterday to help carry wood, pound nails, and do other odd jobs. “We can use at least 50 or 60 men at a time up there,” he said. “Food, transportation, lodging, and a good time will be furnished…”
The Cal Lodge was built by student volunteers, Daily Californian November 3, 1939

Things to do right here
Donner Summit is a paradise for outdoor recreation. At 7,000 ft. this four-season location has every winter and summer sport imaginable nearby. In the winter it is close to cross-country and downhill skiing or you can try snow-shoeing or sledding just outside the door. In the summer the Pacific Crest Trail is only a mile away. Other activities include rock climbing, hiking and bicycling. Cal Lodge has accommodations for 50+ and large groups of 30 or more may rent the whole lodge for their special events. Upon request, appointments can be made to see the California Golden bear (right). Go Bears!
Contact the Cal Lodge at www.callodge.org, 530-426-9900 or staff@callodge.org.

(Man-Made Features • Sports) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Smith Bill Monroe

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Kentucky, Ohio County, Rosine
William Smith Bill Monroe was the youngest of eight children born to James Buchanan Monroe and Melissa Ann Monroe at the Monroe homeplace on Jerusalem Ridge near Rosine, Kentucky.

As a youngster, Bill worked on the family farm and attended Horton grade school. Through the seventh grade in his spare time he went fox hunting with his dad and learned to make music from his mother and his uncle Pen Vandiver.

Bill lost his mother when he was nine years old and his father when he was just sixteen. After living with his uncle Pen, Bill left his home in Kentucky and began the journey which led him to the creation of bluegrass music and to becoming one of the true legends in the American music industry.

In 1935, Bill Monroe married Carolyn Minnie Brown. They had two children Melissa Kathleen Monroe, born Sept 17, 1936 and James William Monroe, born March 15, 1941.

Bill Monroe became a member of the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, in 1939. During his career he would sell millions of records, win many national awards for his music and perform at the request of four United States Presidents.

God blessed Bill with a rare musical genius and the willpower and determination necessary to bring his music to millions of fans around the world for many of those fans and for all of us who are members of his family.

Bill Monroe is “Bluegrass Music!”

Walk softly around this grave for my father Bill Monroe rests here as the blue moon of Kentucky shines on.

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sickness at Camp Thomas

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Georgia, Walker County, Chickamauga
As the summer of 1898 wore on complaints of sickness in Camp Thomas grew. Sanitary conditions were extremely unfavorable. The soldiers lacked bathing facilities, and those sent to Crawfish Springs to get drinking water drove their teams into the creek, got out and bathed themselves, then filled their barrels. Animal corrals were left unclean. A shallow open pit was dug a few feet back of each of the crude company kitchens. All the refuse and waste from the man was dumped in these enclosed pits, which became literally open cesspools. The presence of so much litter attracted millions of flies, causing "great annoyance to men and beast," and evidently contributed to the spread of typhoid fever. "The whole place reeks of foulness," said one reporter in recommending its abandonment.

Typhoid fever, dysentery, and malaria were the prevalent diseases. Typhoid was severe and caused the majority of deaths at Camp Thomas. One examining Board stated that flooring in the tents would have prevented much sickness, and that the soil, as well as the water, was polluted. An Iowa private commented that the water his command had to drink was terrible. "We drank water as yellow as the thickest water in the Missouri,V he complained.

There was an inadequate supply of hospitals, doctors, and nurses. Consequently, care and treatment was woefully scarce and little could be done for most of the sick. There was what was called an "incurable ward," in which it was said that it was nearly impossible to distinguish the living from the dead." It almost made me sick to see the boys," one man wrote. "Some were so weak that they could not brush their faces and their mouth, eyes and noses would be just filled with flies, and no one to brush them off."

The former Park Hotel, a Chickamauga, which bought at $10,000 by Mrs. Mary T. Leiter of Chicago, and given to the government Vfor the comfort of the boys at Camp Thomas." It became the Leiter Hospital. Although "well-managed," the new Leiter General Hospital, too, was "sadly overcrowded" by August, with 255 beds in a space that should hold no more than 130. Tents were soon added to increase Leiter's capacity, and the number of medical officers doubled. A second General Hospital, the Sternberg was opened near Wilder Tower at Camp Thomas in August with a 750 bed capacity and a staff more than double that of Leiter's.

In August, Secretary of War Russell A. Alger ordered the camps to begin closing. Ill soldiers in the two camp hospitals, Sternberg Hospital and Leiter Hospital, were sent home on furlough to recover. Other troops were sent to other camps or discharged and sent home. During this time 425 soldiers died in Camp Thomas, more than were killed in combat during the four months' war with Spain. Following the war investigation determined that over 750 soldiers died in Camp Thomas. Many others lived the rest of their lives with other complications caused by the typhoid fever.

For more information on historic Chickamauga, please visit the Depot Museum, inquire at Town Hall or look up the homepages for the city of Chickamauga and the Chickamauga campaign trail on the Internet:
www.CityofChickamaugaGeorgia.org
and
www.ChickamaugaCampaignTrail.org.

(War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Castro/Breen Adobe and Plaza Hotel

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California, San Benito County, San Juan Bautista
The Castro/Breen adobe is associated with the early development and settlement of Mexican California. The adobe is an excellent example of blended eastern and western building methods first produced in Monterey to form the Monterey Colonial architectural style. The adobe served as headquarters and residence to Jose Antonio Castro, Commandant General of Alta California, and later to Donner Party survivors Patrick Breen and family.

The Plaza Hotel originated as a one-story adobe barracks and two-story guardhouse for soldiers protecting Mission San Juan Bautista across the street. After secularization in 1835, the building became a home and general store for the Anzar family. The building was rented and later sold to Italian immigrant Angelo Zanetta who added a wooden second story and opened the Plaza Hotel in January 1859. The hotel became noted for its fine cuisine and liquors. In the 1860s San Juan Bautista became a stop for seven stagecoach lines. The hotel welcomed travelers, business men, and traveling salesmen. When the New Idria quicksilver mine opened just to the southeast, even more patrons frequented the hotel.

Rededicated 2014, the 150th anniversary of California State Parks

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 13 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Carroll House

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Kansas, Leavenworth County, Leavenworth

In the early 1860's John Foster bought the farm land and house which is now Leavenworth's Museum. The farm was transferred to Lucien Scott a banker in 1882. Mr. Scott added the front part to the house and his architect George McKenna carved the beautiful interior woodwork.

Edward Carroll, later President of the Leavenworth National Bank, purchased the property in 1889. It was a center of gracious living until 1964 when his daughter Miss Ella Carroll gave the house to the Leavenworth Historical Society.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

MSgt Salvador Paradiso

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Ohio, Montgomery County, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

35 years of dedicated service
Veteran of Korea and Vietnam
A member of the ground crew on
Columbine III – Air Force One
President Kennedy and President Johnson
Member of the 4950th Test Wing

(Air & Space • Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean • War, Vietnam) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Captain Gerald B. Neville

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Ohio, Montgomery County, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base

13th Bomb Squadron, Korea
50 Missions, Air Medal, DFC 1953

B-26C Red Bird

(Air & Space • Patriots & Patriotism • War, Korean) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

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