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Talisi visited by De Soto

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Alabama, Lowndes County, Tyler

Five Miles North of this Spot Was
Talisi
visited by
De Soto
Sept. 18, 1540
———
This stone erected by
The National Society of
Colonial Dames of America
In Alabama
1936

(Exploration • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Redoubt No. 15

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Alabama, Dallas County, Selma

Front
Redoubt No. 15 located just to the west of Summerfield Road was defended by Colonel Pinson's 1st Mississippi Cavalry Regiment of Anderson's Brigade. Their 400 men held positions on the west side of the road and the rest of Armstrong's present; Ballentine's 7th Mississippi Cavalry, and Dillon's 2nd Mississippi Cavalry held the east of the road. These 1,000 men, Forrest's veterans, would bear the brunt of Long's attack.
"Ballentine's regiment was in the works on the right of the road... none of us thought the enemy would assault the works, exposed as they would be in an open field for some hundreds of yards... While we were all looking – the sun was nearly down – long, dark line of men appeared on the brow of the ridge; they moved slowly forward for a while, and then broke into a cheer and charge... I could not restrain the men near me, they began firing too soon. But as the enemy came nearer I could plainly see the deadly effects of our fire, though it did not check the enemy... Stepping on the banquette at the base of the parapet, I fired my Tranter five times into the struggling mass, and had commenced to reload when I heard wild cheering to the right. I knew that all was lost. I could see the enemy pouring over the works to the right, not a hundred yards away, and the mounted column fast approaching." Lt. Colonel Frank Montgomery, 1st Mississippi Cavalry, Anderson's Brigade

Rear
Map of the City of Selma, showing battle lines.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Notre-Dame-des-Victoires

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Quebec, Capitale-Nationale (region), Québec
French:
Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
construite en 1688
nommée ainsi à la suite
du siège de Phipps et du
désastre de la flotte de Walker
elle est la plus ancienne
église de pierre du Québec

English translation:
Notre-Dame-des-Victoires
Built in 1688
Named after
defeat of Phipps’ sieige
and the disaster to Walker’s fleet
It is the oldest
stone church in Québec

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Interior Redoubt No. III

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Alabama, Dallas County, Selma
By 6pm General James H. Wilson had moved the 4th U.S. Cavalry, down Summerfield Road through the outer works and had ordered Captain Robinson of the Chicago Board of Trade Battery to do the same. After the main assault most of the regiments of Long's 2nd Division had lost unit cohesion. Their commanders lay wounded or dead. Mixed Confederate units fell back to a second defense line along the Alabama and Mississippi Railroad track. One stronghold on this line was Interior Redoubt III. Wilson decided that all the fleeing Confederates needed was one strong push. In one of the last cavalry charges of the Civil War, the 4th U.S. Cavalry drew sabers and in a column of fours charged the Redoubt. By this time No. III was bristling with guns. The attack was stopped as it hit the railroad tracks. Wilson riding his favorite horse 'Sheridan' was thrown to the ground when the horse was shot. Unhurt Wilson called for reinforcements for a second charge. The 4th Michigan Cavalry formed dismounted to the East of the Summerfield Road about 330 yards from the railroad track, the 3rd Ohio Cavalry mounted formed to the west of the road and the 17th Indiana formed to their right. Captain Robinson's 10 pound Parrots about 1,100 yards away were now shelling the Redoubt. About 6:30 pm this second charge succeeded in taking Redoubt No. III. In the darkness these Units followed the fleeing Confederates into the town.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Leffel

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Ohio, Clark County, Springfield

Springfield's "first inventor", born in Virginia, brings a genius previously unparalleled in the history of our community. His passion for the use of the abundant water supply in the area accelerates Springfield into the early beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. Leffel's first invention, the "Buckeye stove", drastically improves upon the conventional oven of its day. But the construction of the then controversial 1½ mile long Mill Race, powering twelve factories on the city's north side near the Buck Creek, opens the door for his most well-known invention, the double turbine water wheel. The first industrial complex is the result of Leffel's combined efforts with the Barnett brothers using this innovative water wheel. Springfield prospers at the hand of James Leffel as he becomes the nation's leader in water turbine manufacturing.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Eliza D. Stewart

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Ohio, Clark County, Springfield

"Mother Stewart" as she is affectionately called, is the pioneering spirit behind the local and statewide temperance movement. In 1858 she lectures on and promotes temperance for the "Good Templars Society". During the Civil War she serves the wounded soldiers as well as standing guard while on picket duty protecting against the threat of Morgan's Raiders in 1863. She successfully joins and leads the 1873 "Women's Whiskey War" against the Springfield saloon owners being the first women ever to speak publicly for the cause of temperance. Stewart's persistence in persuading the men of the city council to pass the law to close Springfield's saloons on Sunday brings national attention. Because of her commitment to the early temperance movement in 1874, Mother Stewart becomes the first president of Ohio of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. She later travels to Great Britain becoming instrumental in founding the British WCTU. She also wholeheartedly campaigns for women's suffrage. Her house still stands at 215 South Yellow Springs Street, Springfield Ohio.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Charity & Public Work • Education) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union Troops Charge

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Alabama, Dallas County, Selma

The Lightening Brigade of the 2nd Division would spearhead the attack between Redoubts No. 13 - No. 16. Artillery covered all the approaches. At 5 p.m. General Long ordered the Second Division forward. "As Long's Second Division charged forward, bands of freed slaves who had joined the Federals during the march rushed ahead of the soldiers with axes and ignoring the hail of enemy bullets, chopped holes through the abutis and the palisade wall. Slowly the dismounted line of about fifteen hundred officers and men crested the ridge and moved at a walk toward the Confederate works six hundred yards away. As they closed with the rebels, Long's men broke into a run, cheered wildly, and fired their Spencer repeaters. These "repeaters" allowed Long's troops 7 times the fire power as their opponents. Confederate riflemen took their toll as the attackers were hindered by swampy ground and by the palisade. When the attackers reached the parapet, smoke enshrouded both sides and suddenly the defenders ceased fire., saving their fusillade for those who swung onto the wall. A brief moment of eerie silence hung over the battlefield, then bluecoats crossed the parapet and fire blazed again. Corporal John Booth of the 4th Ohio Cavalry, first to reach the works, was killed instantly. Soon after Sergeant John Morgan of the 123rd Illinois Infantry planted the stars and stripes on the Confederate works. Edward G. Longacre."
- Grant's Cavalryman

(African Americans • Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

'Bloody Sunday' Attack at Edmund Pettus Bridge / U.S. Congress Approves Voting Rights Act of 1965

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Alabama, Selma

Side 1
'Bloody Sunday' Attack at Edmund Pettus Bridge
A voting registration campaign in 1965 turned tragic Feb. 17 when an Alabama state trooper fatally shot Jimmie Lee Jackson in Marion. It prompted a protest march from Selma to Montgomery that triggered a milestone event in the Civil Rights Movement.
On March 7, John Lewis and Hosea Williams led a group of 600 African Americans from Brown Chapel AME Church six blocks and across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. State Public Service Director Al Lingo ordered armed troopers to attack the marchers, hospitalizing 50.
Two weeks later, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Rev. Ralph Abernathy led a court-approved march with federal protection. It covered 54 miles and reached the State Capitol on March 25. In a speech before 25,000, King said "the arch of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice." Racists killed Boston minister James Reeb on March 11 and Detroit housewife Viola Gregg Liuzzo on March 25.
The marker was unveiled in March 2015
during the 50th Anniversary Commemoration of the Selma Voting Rights Movement


Side 2
U.S. Congress Approves Voting Rights Act of 1965
Television coverage of 'Bloody Sunday' shocked millions and galvanized support for Congress to remove obstacles that prevented minorities from voting. President Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on Aug. 6. As a result, many blacks won local elections in the South.
In 2007, a bridge crossing reenactment attracted presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama. When Obama won the Democratic nomination the following year, he spoke of the bridge in Selma in his acceptance speech. In 2009, nearly two million witnessed the inauguration of America's first black president.

"Selma," the Oprah Winfrey and Ava DuVernay film about voting rights, was nominated for the Best Picture Academy Award shortly before the 50th anniversary of 'Bloody Sunday.'

(African Americans • Civil Rights • Politics) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Kalisa's La Ida Cafe

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California, Monterey, Monterey
Kalisa Moore, known as "Queen of Cannery Row," was born in Latvia and came to America after WWII. She bridged the eras, opening her gourmet restaurant when most of the canneries had closed.

Over the years "Kalisa's" became a bohemian coffee house where artists, writers and poets "hung out." Her weekend cabaret was bustling with musicians, dancers and occasionally celebrities from the Monterey Jazz Festival.>br>
As time passed and Cannery Row was reborn, Kalisa became a major factor in retaining memories of Steinbecks's era, promoting tourism and commerce as the President of the Cannery Row Foundation.

For fifty years she was a friend to the famous and a mother to the needy with a local following who knew and loved her.

Kalisa's La Ida Cafe was a very special time and place, and Kalisa wil always be remembered as "Queen of Cannery Row."

(Notable Buildings • Notable Events • Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

La Ida Café

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California, Monterey County, Monterey
The building historically contained Edith's
Restaurant, the model for John Steinbeck's
La Ida Café and the character of Wide Ida in
The Novellas Cannery Row and Sweet Thursday

(Arts, Letters, Music • Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Life in Virginia City on the Comstock Lode

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Nevada, Storey County, Virginia City
Virginia City, circa. 1880’s, was a bustling industrial community of about 25,000 people which included Gold Hill and the Silver City communities. Gold and silver mining was a corporate environment that was owned by either the bank of California or the partnership of John Mckay, James Fair, James Flood and William O’Brien. The gold and silver deposits that became known as the Comstock Lode were discovered in the spring of 1859 by two groups of placer miners at the head of what was later called Gold Canyon. Henry T.P. Comstock claimed ownership of the ground where the discovery was made hence his name was attached to this body of ore. The find brought the California miners back over the Sierras to settle and eventually grow a community that became known as the “Richest Place on Earth”. An industrial community, it consisted of every sort of business you could find in any major city of this size today. Schools, churches, saloons, restaurants, hotels, grocers, butchers, jewelers, gun dealers, lumber yards, hardware stores, undertakers, stock brokers, newspapers, clothiers, photographers, builders and masons and, of course brothels and a railroad. Truly a thriving community that was driven by the mines and mill of the area. Production from the mines during the period 1860 through 1910 was well over $400 million dollars in gold and silver. Calculated into today’s dollars it equates to nearly twenty billion dollars. A stock exchange was connected by telegraph to the San Francisco exchange and on to New York via Denver and Chicago. The mines of the Comstock became a major investment option for investors both in the new United States as well as Europe.

Retail business was prolific in the community. You could buy most of the essentials for daily life in well stocked clothing stores, hardwares, lumber, stoves, paints; or be buried by any one of several undertakers. Life was hard and death came early from the likes of Pneumonia, TB, Cholera, mining and industrial accidents, or any other number of maladies. There were two hospitals to serve the community as well as numerous doctors and many lawyers to tend to your legal needs.

Life on the Comstock was difficult, especially if you compare it to our current lifestyle. Miners worked underground in the mines on 12 hour shifts. They did not have fancy work clothes or protective equipment. Working in temperatures as much as 120 degrees, due to the hot water in the mines, they earned up to $4.00 per day which made them the highest paid miners in the world at the time. Living facilities for the single miners was generally a rooming or boarding house. The structures were not well insulated and the walls often consisted of nothing more than canvass or cloth of some type to separate the sleeping areas. Miners would only rent the rooms for a twelve hour period as the guy on the opposite shift would rent it for sleeping for the other twelve hours. As time went on many miners and mill workers either brought families with them to the area or acquired their family while working here on the Comstock. Meals in a small restaurant or “chop house” (their form of fast food) would be about .25 cents. They did not have nice warm boots, or heavy coats, or hard hats in the early days. Winters were much tougher than they are today and the summers were hot with no air conditioning. It was noisy, dirty, muddy, cold, or hot, the streets were constantly clogged with wagons, horses, people and mules. The milling operations put up such a din of noise that it was often difficult to talk in normal tones. The mills pounding and the underground explosions often created a ground vibration.

Freighting and stage lines provided much of the early food and products needed to keep a large community moving along. Meats from the Dayton and Washoe Valleys and veggies from the Truckee Meadows. The finer things in life such as furniture, clothing, other food products, alcohol, shoes, hardware, metal products, etc. were freighted in by wagon and teams from all direction, primarily San Francisco.

In 1869 the Virginia & Truckee Railroad was completed from Carson City to Virginia City….and later on to Reno and south to Minden. The V&T operated from 1869 to 1950. Meeting up with the Central Pacific RR in Reno. The V&T was primarily built to haul ore from the Comstock to mills along the Carson Rivers south of Virginia City thus reducing the cost of milling the ores. The V&T was of great benefit to the Comstock region. Owned by Wm Ralston (the Bank of California), Wm. Sharon and D.O. Mills, it was highly profitable for many years.

It ran 21 miles into Carson City and 52 miles in to Reno. The Geiger Grade, now the main highway from Virginia City to Reno, which was crowded with many-muled freight wagons and stages became easily passable. The V&T could transport freight and passengers between Virginia City and San Francisco in a speedy 12 to 16 hours bringing all the fine goods of the east and Europe to sophiscated Virginia City. Weather was an ever present problem for the railroad, particularly in the winter when the snows came. Locomotives often became de-railed which necessitated digging them out and righting them onto the tracks. The railroad was a vital link to the rest of the country for the Comstock. Passenger travel to the transcontinental RR in Reno provided access for travelers to San Francisco or to the eastern cities and coast to meet with ship transport to Europe. Many of the wealthier Comstock entrepreneurs would travel to Europe looking for investors.

It was really all about the mines and mills of the Comstock. The mine headframes and the mills were interspersed throughout the residential and business districts. There was no zoning, like we know it today. The mines used massive amounts of lumber to buttress the tunnels and stopes from which the ore was being removed. The wood came from the local hills initially and was later cut and milled in the Lake Tahoe area, sent to the valley below by water “V” flume then trucked to the Comstock either by freight or, later, by the V&T Railroad. Wood was also needed for building structures, generating steam to operate equipment, and heat homes and businesses. Coal was also transported to the Comstock by the V&T and was used extensively for many years. Specialized equipment used in the milling processes as well as the mining itself, was usually obtained from San Francisco which would have come by ship around “the horn” from the east and Europe. The mines were highly industrialized in complexity with large pumps that pumped millions of gallons of water out of the deep mines (as deep as 3,000 feet below the surface) so the mining could continue. Virginia City was the most important and productive mining camp in the world but the fortunes of the town and population rose and fell with the prosperity of the mines. As one time over 400 mining companies were operating (or pretending to operate) in the mining district. Their stocks were freely bought and sold on the three local exchanges as well as on national basis. For example the Ophir, with 1,400 feet of claim had 16,800 shares, the Gould and Curry had 4,800 shares and the Savage some 800 shares. The total market value of all Comstock mines at the height of the marker was $40 million dollars. San Francisco became somewhat dependent on the mines of the Comstock as their residents owned ten times more stock in the silver and gold mines of the Comstock than in the California mines.

(Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Humboldt Bay Maritime Museum

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California, Humboldt County, Samoa
Inside you will interact with stories of the past, discover local culture, and view unique maritime artifacts

A group of local seafarers established the Humboldt Bay Maritime Museum in 1977 so residents and visitors could experience the fascinating stories of Humboldt Bay for themselves. Much of the collection you will see today was donated by William Zerlang, whose family dropped anchor in this area in 1872.

You can join Humboldt Bay's maritime heritage by becoming a member of the museum. Docent led tours are available. Please see a crewmember for more information.

Preserving Humboldt Bay's Maritime Culture Through Education and Understanding

(Education • Industry & Commerce • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

1956 Grand Canyon TWA-United Airlines Aviation Accident Site

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Arizona, Coconino County, Grand Canyon National Park
1956 Grand Canyon
TWA-United Airlines
Aviation Accident Site

has been designated a
National Historic
Landmark

This tragic accident site represents a watershed moment in the modernization of America's airways leading to the establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration and national standards for aviation safety
This site possesses national significance in commemorating the history of the United States of America

(Air & Space • Disasters) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Marian Anderson

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Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, Philadelphia
World-renowned contralto. As a child she sang in this church. Toured Europe & U.S. starting in the 1930s. Her concert at the Lincoln Memorial, 1939, drew 75,000 people. First African-American in Metropolitan Opera, 1955. Delegate to UN, 1958. Died 1993.

(African Americans • Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dr. Thomas Sprigg Wootton

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Rockville
A local resident, member of Maryland's first Constitutional Convention and first speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates, Wootton introduced a bill to divide Frederick County into three jurisdictions. The bill passed on September 6, 1776, creating new counties named for revolutionary war heroes Richard Montgomery and George Washington.

(Colonial Era • Politics) Includes location, directions, 12 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mercy Hospital

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Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, Philadelphia
Founded in 1907 by African-Americans, this hospital provided training and employment to Black medical professionals. In 1919 it built a larger facility here, and in 1948 it merged to become Mercy-Douglas Hospital

(African Americans • Charity & Public Work • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Asa Smith Bushnell

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Ohio, Clark County, Springfield

Asa Smith Bushnell, born in Rome, New York, settles in Springfield in 1850. After serving in the Civil War, Bushnell begins to work for a company partially owned by Benjamin Warder, eventually becoming a partner, now the Warder, Bushnell, and Glessner Company in the manufacture of farm implements. He ventures into the banking business and also became the president of the first gas company in Springfield. In the 1890's, he partners to build the electric interurban system. The excitement of politics lures Bushnell. In 1896, he is successful in his bid to become governor of Ohio winning a second term two years later ending in 1900. His wife Ellen becomes the first president of the local DAR chapter in Clark County.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Industry & Commerce • Politics • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Christian Street YMCA

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Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, Philadelphia
Opened in 1914, this was the first Black YMCA to have its own building. A social center and meeting place for African-American organizations, it provided recreational and educational opportunities for members of the Black community.

(African Americans • Charity & Public Work • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First African Baptist Church

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Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, Philadelphia
Founded 1809 as one of the first Black Baptist churches in America. Later two members sold themselves into slavery to free a slave to serve as pastor. Erected 1906, this building is located at a later site of the congregation.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Jack and Jill of America Foundation

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Pennsylvania, Philadelphia County, Philadelphia
Founded 1938 by Marion Turner Stubbs, Lela Jones, and nine other African-American mothers of middle-class families to provide activities for their children despite racial segregation. The local chapter-first in the U.S.-formerly met here.

(African Americans • Charity & Public Work • Education) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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