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Fort Guijarros Site

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California, San Diego County, San Diego
An outpost of Spain's far flung empire at its greatest extent, this fort was completed before 1800 from plans drawn by Alberto de Córdoba in 1795. Its major action came under Corporal José Velásquez on March 22, 1803, in the "Battle of San Diego Bay" with the American Brig Lelia Byrd, which was smuggling sea otter pelts.

California Registered Historical Landmark No. 69

Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the U. S. Department of the Navy, Casa de Espana, San Diego Canoneers, San Diego Archaeological Society, and Squibob Chapter, E Clampus Vitus, March 22, 1981.

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Holy Mass Celebrated in California

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California, San Diego County, San Diego
This boulder erected November 12, 1932 by Court San Diego de Alcalá, No. 1099 of the Catholic Daughters of America, to commemorate the first Holy Mass celebrated in California, November 12, 1602 upon the arrival on this site of Sebastián Vizcaíno who named the port San Diego in honor of the Feast of Señor San Diego de Alcalá and who was accompanied by three Carmelite Friars,
Fray Andrés de la Asumpción, Fray Antonio de la Ascensión and Fray Tomás de Aquino.

(Churches, Etc. • Exploration • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Entre Nous College

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Kansas, Rush County, near McCracken
Site of Entre Nous College

Established in 1906 by Howard R. Barnard

"Yankee on the Prairie"

(Education) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Historic Aerospace Site

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California, Santa Barbara County, Vandenberg Air Force Base
Bearing witness to the birth of the Space Age, Vandenberg Air Force Base has been the launch site of many of America's missiles and rockets, from military missions to voyages of exploration. Here launched the first polar orbiting satellite Discoverer I in 1959. The Discoverer series of satellites were the public name of the now declassified Corona Program, America's first photo reconnaissance satellite. This site has also been home to the training of the crews and test flights of many of America's Intermediate-Range and Intercontinental Ballistic Missile systems. From 1957 to the present day, Vandenberg has been an integral part of America's space and defense programs.

(Air & Space • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Creston Hotel

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Utah, Weber County, Ogden
Prior to the construction of this building, there stood a two-story school building holding classes in the 1870’s. William W. Burton was Master and Mrs. Frosham the assistant.

The building was originally divided into several narrow stores, each one an independent commercial unit but all housed under one roof. Businesses found here were, Alice’s Restaurant, Wong, Lee & Joe Restaurant, New York Cafe, Grand Pacific Restaurant, the George Nole Saloon, and Creston Hotel. Restored in 1984.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

ZCMI Co-op Building

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Utah, Weber County, Ogden

Official outlet of ZCMI (Zion’s Co-operative

Mercantile Institution) (illegible) “America’s First

Department Store.” This wall is all that
remains of the building at this site which was
a whole (illegible) of the Order Branch of
ZCMI from 1781 to 1880. It was part of the
ZCMI co-operative system which served
more than 150 communities in the
Intermountain area with retail commodities
and services beginning in 1868.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Unknown Soldiers

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Nevada, Elko County, Montello

Ten soldiers who died during the 1918 Influenza Epidemic are buried here, but their identities are a mystery. During and after World War I, troop trains regularly ran through Montello. Ill soldiers were unloaded and treated by a Southern Pacific Railroad doctor in a makeshift hospital at the town hotel. Crucial government documents identifying the men were destroyed by fire.

The graves were unmarked for years. Through the efforts of Mr. and Mrs William Kimber of Montello, and a Las Vegas service organization, The 40 & 8, the previously unmarked graves, although still without names, were marked in 1975.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • War, World I) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Historic Front Street

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Nevada, Elko County, Wells
Originating about 1868, Wells, Nevada focused around the Central Pacific Railroad. Chinese, Irish, and Italian immigrants were very instrumental in building the railroad and still today have a heavy emphasis on the Nevada economy. You may note that the current site of the Firehall used to be a large opium den of the Chinese. Also, after settlers had crossed the salt flats by rail, they then traveled to the area valleys for permanent residency. The picture below is an actual picture of Front Street dated to at least 1880.

(Asian Americans • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

California Trail — Hot Springs

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Nevada, Elko County, near Carlin
“The trail or road… ascends a considerable hill 1/3 mile ahead of us… the water here is cool, but too alkaline to be agreeable. Hot Springs in the river-bank, sulphur, &c.” —
J. Goldborough Bruff, Sep 7, 1849

Guidebook available; Trails West, Inc, P.O. Box 12045, Reno, NV 89510

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Palisade

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Nevada, Elko County, Carlin
Located in the tank-like depths of Palisade (12-mile) Canyon, Palisade first named Palisades - surveyed and laid out by the Central Pacific Railroad in February, 1870. During the 1870's it rivaled Elko and Carlin as a departure point on the C.P. for wagon, freight and stage lines to Mineral Hill, Eureka and Hamilton.

In October, 1875, with completion of Eureka and Palisade Railroad, Palisade became the northern terminus and operating headquarters for the little ninety-mile narrow gage line stretching southward to Eureka between 1875 and 1930. The town was the principal transfer and shipping point on the Central Pacific (Southern Pacific), and on the Western Pacific Railroad after its 1919 completion.

At its peak, the town boasted a population of 300. It was a self-contained community and railroading was its business. There were passenger and freight station, and sidings on both the Southern Pacific and Western Pacific Railroads, and a large ore transfer dock between the narrow gage and standard gage lines. All Eureka and Palisade (Eureka Nevada after 1912) headquarters facilites were situated here.

After the little narrow gage line ran its last train in September, 1936, Palisade went into a long decline. The post office was finally closed in 1962.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Argenta Station

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Nevada, Eureka County, near Carlin

In 1868, the town of Argenta was founded as the first Central Pacific Railroad station in Lander County. The town, 10 miles west of this marker, was named by Judge E.B. Crocker. A post office opened and the railroad established an eating station, and a distributing point for Austin. Argenta has the misfortune of being located too far from the natural roadway to Austin. The railroad surveyed a new station at Battle Mountain and in the winter of 1869-7- the town moved to the new location, Argenta siding is now a rail point for Barium from the Shoshone Mountains and hay from the Humboldt River ranches.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Winneva Building

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Nevada, Humboldt County, Winnemucca
Now Phillips Furniture
Successor to
E. Reinhart and Company
1868 — 1968

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Heroes in the Sky

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California, Sacramento, near Rancho Cordova
On July 13, 2005
Sheriff's Helicopter Star VI
was patrolling the skies,
when a catastrophic engine failure
brought the ship to its final resting place
on the north shore of Lake Natoma.

This monument serves as
a memorial to deputies
Joseph Kievernagel
and
Kevin Blount
who tragically lost their lives
in the crash,
as well as to the suffering of
Eric Henrikson
who was critically injured.
Their dedication to service and extreme sacrifice
will never be forgotten.
They truly are our "Heroes in the Sky".

(Air & Space) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Moving North

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
The Michigan Avenue Corridor was founded to preserve the roots of freedom and the heritage of Buffalo's East Side. Byron W. Brown, Mayor. City of Buffalo Office of Strategic Planning, Timothy J. Wanamaker, Executive Director.

The dawn of the Industrial Age signaled the first wave of the Great Migration from the South. A new generation of African Americans looked to the North for a better quality of life.

Plentiful work.
In the early 1900s, African Americans continued to arrive from nearly everywhere south of the Mason-Dixon line. They came from the Carolinas, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Florida. In Buffalo they found plentiful work. They worked as laborers in booming steel mills and factories and as servants, cooks and chauffeurs for the wealthy.
Newcomers to Buffalo founded black-owned hotels, nightclubs, funeral parlors, drug stores, restaurants and social groups. Savvy entrepreneur Dan Montgomery owned three hotel and supper clubs famous for their steak dinners. The Lower East Side was home to Sims and Towne New and Used Furniture Store, Jones Brothers Mortuary and the Maloney School of Beauty Culture.
Brown Bomber Cab Co., Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society.
Manhattan Hotel and Supper Club. Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society.

Buffalo was a famous stop on the jazz circuit.

The Colored Musicians Club.
The Colored Musicians Club evolved from Local 533 of the American Federation of Musicians, founded in 1917. In 1934, led by Ray Jackson and Lloyd Plummer, some of the union members purchased the building at 145 Broadway. Jazz greats Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Count Basie, Duke Ellington, Lionel Hampton and Billy Holiday and others, would sometimes "jam" there after a local gig. Today the Colored Musicians Club members remain active in the ommunity and hold music lessons for local youth.

Little Harlem Hotel and Nightclub.
The Little Harlem Hotel and Nightclub opened in 1934 at 496 Michigan Avenue. The club was famous for its Chinese food and decor and became a favorite of literary and entertainment circles. Harlem Renaissance personalities and jazz greats such as Cab Callaway, Billy Eckstine and Sarah Vaughan, among others were entertained here. Heavyweight champ Joe Louis visited the Little Harlem Hotel when he came to Buffalo. It remained a favorite meeting place for African American political and business leaders until it was destroyed by fire in 1993.
The famous Little Harlem Hotel and Nightclub. Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society.
Little Harlem Hotel and Nightclub.

Buffalo, NY was far away from the oppressive Jim Crow laws of segregation that emerged following Reconstruction in the South.


Stepping Stones:

1920s:
Physicians Ivorite L. Scruggs, Ezekial Nelson, Theodore Kakaza and H.H. Lewis established their practices along William Street. Attorneys Clarence Maloney, John H. Coston and Julian Evans had law offices there.
1920:
The Douglas Grocery Company opened its first store, an African American cooperative enterprise.
1921:
Robert Joplin opened the McAvoy Theatre to offer high class pictures and up-to-date vaudeville to the black community.
1923:
Frank E. Merriweather Sr. founded The Criterion Press.
1930s:
Elisha A. Gilbert started his dental practice and ophthalmologist W. Yerby Jones opened an office on Buffalo's Lower East Side.
Dentist Elisha A. Gilbert at work.

(African Americans • Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Leaving the River, Climbing the Hill

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Nevada, Elko County, near Carlin
By the time emigrants reached this spot, they had enjoyed fairly good traveling for the past ten days or so, as they followed the Humboldt River road. But here they faced their first big physical challenge along the route. If they stayed along the river, they would soon come to Palisades Canyon, which was too narrow for wagons to travel through it. The only choice was up.

After leaving the Humboldt River near here, emigrants had to travel 18 steep miles — following the approximate route of I-80 up over ridges and down canyons — until they reached the Humboldt again at Gravelly Ford. This short hop of 18 miles can be traveled in 20 minutes or so today, but it the 1850s and 1860s it was one more hardship for teams and trekkers, out of many already experienced and many more to come. When the California bound emigrants reached this point it was usually during the hot, dry summer months of July and August. By this time they had completed three quarters of their 2,000-mile trek between the Missouri River and California and had been traveling for over four months… but the worst part was still ahead of them.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hot, Dusty and Tattered

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Nevada, Eureka County, Carlin
Looking at the broad valley of the Humboldt River before you, close your eyes and imagine how it would have been in the mid-1800s. Instead of the sounds of traffic on I-80, you can almost hear the creak of wagon wheels. You might hear the sounds of hundreds of men, women, and children camping next to wagons along both sides of the Humboldt.

In this mental picture, emigrants and animals are completely covered from head to foot in gray dust. Cloths are tatters, and the weary travelers busy themselves discarding items from their wagons in an effort to lighten the loads that their exhausted oxen, mules, and horses must pull.

Other emigrants may be dismantling their wagons and using the parts to construct pack saddles. Armed guards are posted near grazing livestock to protect them from being stolen or killed by Native Americans. For the Native Americans, those livestock could help replace food sources that disappeared as a result of the tens of thousands of emigrants traveling through their homeland.

(Exploration • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Rescue Memorial Park

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New Mexico, Bernalillo County, Kirtland Air Force Base

Upper Plaque: Rescue Memorial Park
Dedicated to
The Airmen Who Gave Their
Lives
That Others May Live
Lower Plaque: Dedicated By
General Paul K. Carlton
27 September 1974
For The
Jolly Green Pilots Association

(Air & Space • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

"Hercules Way"

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New Mexico, Bernalillo County, Kirtland Air Force Base
Dedicated 2 April 1987
In Memory of the Crew of King 11
Lt Col Stephen J. Tullis Capt David S. Miller · Capt William L. Stogsdill TSgt John R. McGee · TSgt Antonio C. Medina SSgt Michael D. Perron · SSgt Robert W. Kimbrell · SSgt Johnny Reyes Sgt David Garcia · Sgt Leo M. Purchlaroni · Sgt Arthur R. Zozaya They Trained Others To Have The Courage to Succeed

(Air & Space • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Michigan Avenue Baptist Church

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
Congregation formed 1836. Second Baptist Church of Buffalo and first Black church of any denomination in the city. Cornerstone laid 1845. Completed 1849. The Rev. Dr. J. Edward Nash, Pastor, 1892-1953. On National Register of Historic Places.

(African Americans • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Taco Park

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New Mexico, Bernalillo County, Kirtland Air Force Base
Dedicated to the
Memory of
Lt Col "CATO" Williams
"Sierra Hotel" Fighter Pilot
1967-1992

188th Fighter Squadron
"The Tacos"
New Mexico
Air National Guard

(Air & Space • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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