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Pancho Lara

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El Salvador, San Salvador, San Salvador

( de Diciembre de 1900 – 5 de Mayo de 1999)
Músico, compositor y poeta, autor de las canciones salvadoreñas mas populares y entrañables de todos los tiempos: “El Carbonero”, “El Pregón de los Nísperos”, “Jayaque”, “Chiltiupan”, entre otras.

“Solo prosperan los pueblos que recogen sus semillas, nunca los que esperan las ajenas”. Pancho Lara

Busto donado por el destacado escultor y arquitecto
Camilo Bonilla

A quien una vez más agradecemos su sensibilidad y compromiso con el país.

San Salvador, Octubre de 2007.
Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, CONCULTURA

English translation:
Musician, composer and poet, author of the most popular and symbolic Salvadoran songs of all time: “El Carbonero”, “El Pregón de los Nísperos”, “Jayaque”, “Chiltiupan”, among others.

“Only the people that collect their own seed prosper, never waiting for those from others”. Pancho Lara

Bust donated by the esteemed sculptor and architect Camilo Bonilla
To whom we once again thank for his sensitivity and commitment to the country.

San Salvador, October 2007
National Council for Culture and the Artes


(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

To Honor the Memory of Our Dead

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
[header]United Spanish War Veterans
[tablet]"To Honor the Memory of Our Dead"
[base]Cuba, Porto Rico, Philippines, China, 1898-1902.

(War, Spanish-American) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

All that Glitters

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Virginia, King George County, King George

(panel 1)
All that Glitters

When John Smith and his crew explored the Potomac River in 1608, they were looking for a passageway to the Pacific and for precious metals. They heard about a black ore with silvery glitters, which they hoped contained silver. The Indians called the substance “matchqueon” and used it for body paint.

Passing this point, the Potomac Indian guides took the explorers to a mine in the vicinity of Aquia Creek—a rigorous journey of about 18 miles by river and another 8 by land. The return trip was more difficult, because the Englishmen were laden down with as much ore as they could carry.

Their efforts were in vain: the ore did not contain silver. The type of ore and the exact location of the mine are unknown.

“With so much as we could carry we returned to our boat, kindly requiring this kind king and all his kind people…But all we got proved of no value.”. —Captain John Smith, The General History of Virginia, 1624.

(caption)
(lower right) Indians washed the black ore in a stream to extract a glittery substance they used for decorative body paint.

(panel 2)
John Smith Explores the Chesapeake

Captain John Smith explored the Chesapeake Bay in the early 1600s seeking precious metals and a passage to Asia. He traveled the James, Chickahominy, and York rivers in 1607, and led two major expeditions from Jamestown in 1608. Smith and his crew sailed and rowed a primitive 30-foot boat nearly 3,000 miles, reaching as far north as the Susquehanna River.

Although Smith did not discover gold, or a river passage to the Pacific, his precise map and detailed observations of American Indian societies and the abundant natural resources guided future explorers and settlers.

An Abundance of Life
Smith discovered a treasure trove of natural wonders in the Chesapeake region: thick forests of giant pines, oaks, and hickories; vast marshlands, huge turtles, 800-pound sturgeon, and great schools of shad and striped bass. Massive flocks of ducks, geese, and swans darkened the sky, and enormous oyster reefs rose above the water’s surface.

Native Inhabitants
At the time of Smith’s explorations, an estimated 50,000 American Indians dwelled in the Chesapeake region---as their ancestors had for thousands of years. Their sophisticated societies included arts and architecture, systems of government, extensive trade and communication networks, and shared spiritual beliefs. The native peoples hunted, fished, grew crops, and gathered food and raw materials from the land and waterways.

(captions)
(upper right) Smith’s remarkably accurate map of the Chesapeake Bay (published in 1612), and his spirited written accounts of a lush landscape inspired European migration.
(lower right) Decorative shells—such as those found on this ceremonial robe—were valuable in the American Indian's tradeing network that extended for hundreds of miles. This robe (which may have belonged to paramount chief Powhatan) was crafted from elk skins and adorned with more than 17,000 shells.

(panel 3)
Join the Adventure

Explore the places Englishman John Smith traveled in the early 1600s. Learn about the thriving American Indian communities he encountered and imagine the bountiful Chesapeake he observed. Experience the natural and cultural richness that exists in the region today.

The 3,000-mile Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail traces the exploratory voyages Smith conducted from 1607 to 1609 on the Chesapeake Bay and along several major rivers. The trail includes parks, museum sites, driving tours, and water trails that align with Smith’s historic voyage routes and offer opportunities for recreation and discovery.

Experience the Trail
• Explore rivers, coves, and open water by kayak, sailboat, or motor craft.
• Bicycle or hike along woodland trails and shoreline paths.
• Follow winding back roads through rural landscapes and historic villages.
• Visit places that celebrate American Indian heritage.
• See birds and other wildlife foraging in marshes, waterways, and forests.
• Attend festivals and demonstrations, or join a guided tour.

To learn more about the trail and to plan your adventure, visit www.smithtrail.net

(captions)
(upper right) Captain John Smith’s Historic Voyage Routes. “Here are mountains, hills, plains, valleys, rivers, and brooks all running most pleasantly into a faire Bay compassed but for the mouth with fruitful and delightsome land.” —John Smith, 1612
(bottom) Overlooking the Susquehanna River; Students aboard Discovery at Jamestown Settlement; Kayakers explore the trail; Indian dance demonstration at Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum.

(Colonial Era • Exploration • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

York House Inn

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Georgia, Rabun County, Rabun Gap
Mollie Gibson acquired this property from her grandfather in 1873. With husband William T. York, they grew the farm to 400 acres. The two-story chestnut log farmhouse dates to 1846. The inn began in 1896 and was expanded in 1907 to 26 rooms. This is one of Georgia's oldest bed and breakfast inns. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is the oldest continuously operating business in Rabun County.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

To Preserve the Memories

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo

To preserve the memories
and incidents
of our association
in the Great War

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

On This Day of May 30, 1991, The Semper Fidelis Post #356

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
On this day of May 30, 1991, The Semper Fidelis Post #356 of the American Legion of Buffalo, New York, humbly dedicated this monument in honor of all men and women of Erie County who have lost their lives while defending our country in all wars.

May they rest in peace and be remembered for their honorable service and gallant sacrifice.

(Military) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Second Home of the Medical School

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
The Medical School, founded in 1846 as the first unit of the University of Buffalo, moved from Washington and Seneca Streets to this site in 1849. The School was housed in a red sandstone building which was the first in Buffalo to be constructed for the purpose of collegiate instruction.

(Education • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

William Wells Brown

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
William Wells Brown, writer and abolitionist, lived at 13 Pine Street. Escaping slavery in Missouri in 1834. Brown made his way to Cleveland then to Buffalo in 1835. As a crew member on a Lake Erie steamer he helped slaves escape to Canada. Later, as one of the nation's leading anti-slavery activists, he wrote and lectured about the cruelty of slavery in America and throughout the world. He also organized Buffalo's first temperance society to combat alcoholism.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Death of William Hart Bennett

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Belize, Belize, Belize City
This clock tower
Was erected in 1924
in Memory of
William Hart Bennett, Esq. CMG
Governor & Commander in Chief of the
Colony from 3rd April to 4th Sept. 1918
Who died as the result of injuries
Sustained by him while proceeding to
the scene of the fire of 17th Aug 1918
that destroyed the Government Offices


(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Putting the Potomac on the Map

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Virginia, Westmoreland County, Montross

(panel 1)
Putting the Potomac on the Map

John Smith and his crews explored the Potomac in June 1608. The river, which Smith called the Patawomeck, is featured on his famous map of Virginia.

Smith returned to England in 1609 and created his map from notes, sketches, and memory. The map is remarkably accurate for the tools available at the time. First published in 1612, it remained the primary map used by colonists for nearly a century and, along with Smith’s published descriptions, spurred European settlement.

Smith’s map also includes information about Chesapeake Bay Indians. It helps archeologists discover the locations of Indian towns and provides clues about culture that had thrived here for thousands of years before English settlers arrived.

“And this is as much as my memory can call to mind worthy of note, which I have purposely collected to satisfy my friends of the true worth and quality of Virginia.” —Captain John Smith, A Map of Virginia, 1612

(caption)
(lower right) A reenactor demonstrates a quadrant, a type of instrument used by 17th century explorers.
(bottom) There’s plenty to see and do here at Westmoreland State Park: • Enjoy spectacular views of the historic Potomac from Horsehead Cliffs. • Fish in the saltwater of the tidal Potomac from pier or shore. (Valid fishing license required) • Experience the Potomac as Captain John Smith did—from the water. The park offers a boat ramp and services, plus seasonal rentals of paddlecraft.

(panel 2)
John Smith Explores the Chesapeake

Captain John Smith explored the Chesapeake Bay in the early 1600s seeking precious metals and a passage to Asia. He traveled the James, Chickahominy, and York rivers in 1607, and led two major expeditions from Jamestown in 1608. Smith and his crew sailed and rowed a primitive 30-foot boat nearly 3,000 miles, reaching as far north as the Susquehanna River.

Although Smith did not discover gold, or a river passage to the Pacific, his precise map and detailed observations of American Indian societies and the abundant natural resources guided future explorers and settlers.

An Abundance of Life
Smith discovered a treasure trove of natural wonders in the Chesapeake region: thick forests of giant pines, oaks, and hickories; vast marshlands, huge turtles, 800-pound sturgeon, and great schools of shad and striped bass. Massive flocks of ducks, geese, and swans darkened the sky, and enormous oyster reefs rose above the water’s surface.

Native Inhabitants
At the time of Smith’s explorations, an estimated 50,000 American Indians dwelled in the Chesapeake region—as their ancestors had for thousands of years. Their sophisticated societies included arts and architecture, systems of government, extensive trade and communication networks, and shared spiritual beliefs. The native peoples hunted, fished, grew crops, and gathered food and raw materials from the land and waterways.

(captions)
(upper right) Smith’s remarkably accurate map of the Chesapeake Bay (published in 1612), and his spirited written accounts of a lush landscape inspired European migration.
(lower right) Decorative shells—such as those found on this ceremonial robe—were valuable in the American Indian's trading network that extended for hundreds of miles. This robe (which may have belonged to paramount chief Powhatan) was crafted from elk skins and adorned with more than 17,000 shells.

(panel 3)
Join the Adventure

Explore the places Englishman John Smith traveled in the early 1600s. Learn about the thriving American Indian communities he encountered and imagine the bountiful Chesapeake he observed. Experience the natural and cultural richness that exists in the region today.

The 3,000-mile Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail traces the exploratory voyages Smith conducted from 1607 to 1609 on the Chesapeake Bay and along several major rivers. The trail includes parks, museum sites, driving tours, and water trails that align with Smith’s historic voyage routes and offer opportunities for recreation and discovery.

Experience the Trail
• Explore rivers, coves, and open water by kayak, sailboat, or motor craft.
• Bicycle or hike along woodland trails and shoreline paths.
• Follow winding back roads through rural landscapes and historic villages.
• Visit places that celebrate American Indian heritage.
• See birds and other wildlife foraging in marshes, waterways, and forests.
• Attend festivals and demonstrations, or join a guided tour.

To learn more about the trail and to plan your adventure, visit www.smithtrail.net

(captions)
(upper right) Captain John Smith’s Historic Voyage Routes. “Here are mountains, hills, plains, valleys, rivers, and brooks all running most pleasantly into a faire Bay compassed but for the mouth with fruitful and delightsome land.” —John Smith, 1612
(bottom) Overlooking the Susquehanna River; Students aboard Discovery at Jamestown Settlement; Kayakers explore the trail; Indian dance demonstration at Jefferson Patterson Park and Museum.

(Colonial Era • Exploration • Native Americans • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Dividends for the Future

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Virginia, Westmoreland County, Montross

“I propose to create a civilian conservation corps…confining itself to forestry, the prevention of soil erosion, flood control, and similar projects. I call your attention to the fact that this type of work is of definite, practical value, not only through the prevention of great present financial loss, but also as a means of creating future national wealth…This enterprise is an established part of our national policy. It will pay dividends to present and future generations…” President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933

With these words to Congress in March of 1933, newly elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt laid the cornerstone of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), one of the key elements of the “New Deal”. At the time, America was in the midst of a deepening national crisis, brought on by the financial collapse of the stock market in 1929. Thousands of business was failing and millions of Americans were unemployed. President Roosevelt’s “New Deal” consisted of a series of new, federally funded programs designed to put America back to work and rebuild the national economy.

Between 1933 and 1942, the CCC put over three million young men to work restoring the nation’s natural resources and constructing park and recreation areas. Virginia benefited greatly from their efforts. The first six Virginia State Parks—Hungry Mother, Douthat, Fairy Stone, Westmoreland, Staunton River and Seashore—were built by the men of the CCC. Another CCC-built project, The Swift Creek Recreation Demonstration Area, was eventually deeded to the state by the federal government and became Pocahontas State Park.

Many of the original structures here in the park are marked with the bright yellow CCC logo. We hope that you will take time to notice and appreciate the wonderful legacy left by the men and boys of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Whether it is the handsome stonework on a bridge or retaining wall, the large, hand-forged hinges on a log cabin door, or one of the impressive log and stone picnic shelters, the craftsmanship and attention to detail that became the hallmark of CCC construction is evident.

(Charity & Public Work • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

George Washington’s Boyhood Home at Ferry Farm

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Virginia, Fredericksburg
Located directly across the river from where you are standing is the site of the boyhood home of George Washington where he lived from the age of six until he was 20. The farm gets its name from the ferry that once crossed the river here, providing a vital link between civilization and the western frontier.

Ferry Farm is the site of the legends of George Washington and the cherry tree and his stone toss across the Rappahannock River.

Today, the boyhood home and the ferry landing are owned and preserved by The George Washington Foundation and the site is open to the public.

(caption) (right) George Washington’s Boyhood Home, Ferry Farm, L.H. Barker © 2008. All rights reserved.

(Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alexandria Library Sit-In

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Virginia, Alexandria
On 21 August 1939, five young African American men applied for library cards at the new Alexandria Library to protest its whites-only policy. After being denied, William Evans, Edward Gaddis, Morris Murray, Clarence Strange, and Otto L. Tucker each selected a book from the shelves, sat down, and read quietly. The men were arrested and charged with disorderly conduct despite their polite demeanor. Local attorney Samuel W. Tucker, who helped plan the protest, represented them in court. The judge never issued a ruling. In 1940, Alexandria opened the Robert Robinson Library for African Americans. Desegregation of the library system began by 1959.

(African Americans • Civil Rights) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Raise the White Flag

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Virginia, Alexandria
In the early 1800s Alexandria was part of the District of Columbia and an important port with its own militia. In summer 1814, though, Alexandria’s militia had been sent to defend Maryland from the British invasion. So on August 28, four days after the British burned Washington’s most important federal buildings, defenseless Alexandrians saw enemy warships approaching up the Potomac River. To prevent similar destruction, Alexandria Mayor Charles Simms and members of his “vigilance committee” rowed out with a white flag of surrender.

“(As) there be no sufficient force, on our part, to oppose (the British), with any reasonable prospect of success, (you) should appoint a committee to carry a flag to the…enemy…and procure the best terms for the safety of persons, houses, and property.” Alexandria vigilance committee’s recommendation to the city’s Common Council.

(sidebar)
In the summer of 1814 the United States had been at war with Great Britain for two years. Battlefronts had erupted from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. On August 24, following their victory over the Americans at the Battle of Bladensburg, Maryland, British troops marched on Washington with devastating results.

The Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail reveals sites of War of 1812 in Washington, DC, Virginia, and Maryland. Visit ChesapeakeExplorerApp.com or download the Chesapeake Explorer app.

(captions)
(upper center) HMS Euryalus, commanded by Captain Charles Napier (above), was one of seven British vessels carrying a total of 128 guns that sailed up the Potomac to Alexandria. Oil by Thomas Musgrave Fox, National Maritime Museum (UK)
(lower center) Oil by Geoff Hunt, National Maritime Museum (UK)

(War of 1812 • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oakland Baptist Church Cemetery

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Virginia, Alexandria
In 1939, Samuel Javins conveyed the land which was referred to as "Oakland Church lot" nine years earlier, to the Oakland Baptist Church, after the death of his wife, Florence McKnight Javins. She inherited the property from her mother, Harriet Stuart McKnight Shorts, one of the founders of the church. Family ownership of the land started in 1879, when Burr Shorts, Harriet's husband, began purchasing 10 acres after living here at least 9 years.

The Shorts-McKnight extended family was one of the principal founding families of "The Fort," a post-Civil War African American community. Family members continued living on some of the original Shorts land until the 1960s. Three McKnight family graves are the earliest known in the cemetery and predate church ownership of the land: James W. Terrell and Maria McKnight Blackburn (1925), and Burney Terrell, wife of James and sister of Maria (1930). A land exchange with the City of Alexandria reconfigured the burial lot, extending it to the north and shortening the west side.

Families living in "The Fort" and "Seminary" community with members buried in the Oakland Baptist Church Cemetery: Carpenter • Casey • Crone • Hall • Henry • Javins • Johnson • Lewis • Moore • Nelson • Randall • Roy • Rust • Simms • Smith • Terrell • Wanzer

(African Americans • Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Melting Pot

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New York, Erie County, Buffalo
The Michigan Avenue Corridor was founded to preserve the roots of freedom and the heritage of Buffalo's East Side. Byron W. Brown, Mayor. City of Buffalo Office of Strategic Planning, Timothy J. Wanamaker, Executive Director.

From its earliest days as a frontier trading post, Buffalo, NY was the "Gateway to the West". It was the place where Americans of all ethnic backgrounds, nationalities and experience converged in pursuit of a better life.

Buffalo was the last stop on the Freedom Train.
Legendary Underground Railroad Conductor Harriet Tubman led bands of runaways through Western New York on their way to freedom in Canada. Fugitives stopped running to build "own self" communities. They raised churches, founded social clubs and businesses. The politics of what it meant to be African in America were discussed.

Buffalo, New York is where freedom seekers came to heal their spirit wound and to live physically free." Mother Moses (Harriet Tubman)

The lower east side of Buffalo, NY...a diverse community.
The Michigan Avenue Heitage Corridor lies in the center of an area known for its ethnic diversity. This area was home to Buffalo's earliest German, Italian and Polish comunities. African American, Jewish and Chinese neighborhoods were concentrated in the area known as the Lower East Side.

African Americans.
In the early 1800s, fugitives from slavery in the south and their families settled in the general area of Michigan Street and Vine Street. By the 1850s, this "colored" community numbered about 700. The neighborhood was defined by three structures, the Vine Street (Bethel) AME Church, the Vine Alley Colored School and the Michigan Street Baptist Church. This church is still sanding at 511 Michigan Avenue.
Portrait of African American Family c. turn of the 20th century.

Jews.
Jewish immigrants arrived in the city in about 1840. In 1847 Temple Beth-El was founded. This was the first Jewish congregation between New York City and Chicago. By the end of the century, William Street was the heart of Buffalo's Jewish community and had established itself as a merchant district. For many years the Jewish Community Center was the social center of the city's Jewish population.

Chinese.
A small but significant Chinese community settled in the Lower East Side area. Michigan Street was home to a Buddhist shrine, several Chinese restaurants and a variety of grocery stores and dry goods merchants. In 1904, Quong Sing Lung Co., a store and pharmacy, occupied the site that later became the famous Little Harlem Hotel and Nightclub.

Stepping Stones:
1790s: Black trapper Joseph Hodge had trading post.
1816: Buffalo recorded list of 16 black residents, nine as "slaves".
1831: First black church was founded: Vine Street African Methodist-Episcopal.
1835: Writer William Wells Brown arrived.
1836: Michigan Baptist Church was founded.
1843: National Negro Convention at Vine Street AME, which featured historic debate between Frederick Douglass & Henry Highland Garner.
1845: Michigan Street Baptist Church erected.
1891: Mary Burnett arrived as Mrs. William Talbert.
1892: Rev. J. Edward Nash took the pulpit of Michigan Street Baptist Church.
1900-1901: Mary B. Talbert led protest against the dehumanization of Africans and African Americans during the Pan American Exposition.
1905: Niagara Movement Conference: July 11-13.
1917: Local 533 American Federation of Musicians was founded, some members later organized Colored Musicians Club.

(Abolition & Underground RR • African Americans) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Rosecrans

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California, San Diego County, San Diego
President Millard Fillmore's executive order of 1852 created a U. S. Preserve on Point Loma. From 1870 to 1873 the coast artillery corpsmen evicted whalers from the site in order to begin the military installation. In 1899 it was named for William S. Rosecrans, Civil War General and California Congressman. Major fortifications were constructed in 1891-1903 and 1941-1943. Transferred to the U.S. Navy in 1957, it became a submarine support facility.

California Registered Historical Landmark No. 62

First registered Dec. 8, 1932. Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy and Squibob Chapter, E Clampus Vitus, March 21, 1993.

(Forts, Castles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Buque Escuela Juan Sebastian de Elcano

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California, San Diego County, San Diego

Commemorating the visit of the officers and men
Buque Escuela Juan Sebastian De Elcano
in homage to their comrades-at-arms who at this place raised and defended the flag of Spain - 1797 to 1821
Dedicado en pax y amistad
San Diego, California, April 1983

(Colonial Era • Exploration) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cabrillo Landing

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California, San Diego County, San Diego
Seeking the mythical Strait of Anián (the Northwest Passage) for Spain, on September 28, 1542, Iberian navigator Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo brought his three ships to Ballast Point, the first European landing on the coast of Alta California.

California Registered Historical Landmark No. 56

First registered December 6, 1932. Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy and Squibob Chapter, E Clampus Vitus, September 26, 1992.

(Exploration) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ballast Point Whaling Station Site

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California, San Diego County, San Diego
Late in 1857, the three Johnson brothers and the twin Packard brothers came to this site to survey possibilities for a station to "try out" or extract whale oil. Their operations began the next year. In 1869 the U.S. Government acquired the property for Fort Rosecrans and in 1873 whaling operations at Ballast Point ended.

California Registered Historical Landmark No. 50

Originally registered December 6, 1932. Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Fort Guijarros Museum Foundation and Squibob Chapter, E Clampus Vitus, March 22, 1987.

(Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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