Quebec, Capitale-Nationale (region), Québec
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English:
Four Martello towers (three of which remains) were an integral part of the defences of Québec, the key to the control of the continental interior of North America. Works had been proposed in the Plains of Abraham since the early 1790s, but only after the Anglo-American crisis of 1807 did Governor Sir James Craig order construction of the towers. Built between 1808 and 1812, they were intended to prevent an attacker drawing close enough to lay siege to the walls of Québec. Their effectiveness was never tested in battle, and they became obsolete in the 1860s.
French:
Quatre tours Martello (il en reste trois) faisaient partie des fortifications de Québec, lieu stratégique pour le contrôle de l'intérieur de l'Amérique du Nord. On avait projeté de construire des ouvrages de défense sur la plaine d'Abraham dès le début des années 1790, mais le gouverneur sir James Craig ordonna l'édification des tours seulement après la crise anglo-américaine de 1807. Érigées entre 1808 et 1812, elles devaient empêcher l'agresseur de s’approcher suffisamment pour assiéger la ville. Leur efficacité ne fut jamais éprouvée militairement et, dès les années 1860, elles devinrent désuètes.
(Forts, Castles • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
English:Four Martello towers (three of which remains) were an integral part of the defences of Québec, the key to the control of the continental interior of North America. Works had been proposed in the Plains of Abraham since the early 1790s, but only after the Anglo-American crisis of 1807 did Governor Sir James Craig order construction of the towers. Built between 1808 and 1812, they were intended to prevent an attacker drawing close enough to lay siege to the walls of Québec. Their effectiveness was never tested in battle, and they became obsolete in the 1860s.
French:
Quatre tours Martello (il en reste trois) faisaient partie des fortifications de Québec, lieu stratégique pour le contrôle de l'intérieur de l'Amérique du Nord. On avait projeté de construire des ouvrages de défense sur la plaine d'Abraham dès le début des années 1790, mais le gouverneur sir James Craig ordonna l'édification des tours seulement après la crise anglo-américaine de 1807. Érigées entre 1808 et 1812, elles devaient empêcher l'agresseur de s’approcher suffisamment pour assiéger la ville. Leur efficacité ne fut jamais éprouvée militairement et, dès les années 1860, elles devinrent désuètes.
(Forts, Castles • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
At Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum, living history is an important way to educate visitors about the museum’s important role in the War of 1812. Recognizing the importance of making history come to life, Richard Fischer, Jr. has been instrumental in expanding War of 1812 educational opportunities. His support helped to establish the annual War of 1812 reenactment, which allows visitors to step back in time and immerse themselves in the sights and sounds of this important period in Maryland’s history.
Richard H. Fischer, Jr. has supported Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum programs for over a decade. Mr. Fischer was the first recipient of the Patterson Prize, the highest award given in recognition of his distinguished service throughout Southern Maryland.
Between 1767 and 1773, two neighbors-Thomas Johnson (father of Maryland’s first state governor) and Walter Smith-twice went to court to settle a dispute about the boundary of Smith’s plantation of St. Leonard. Many local residents were called to testify, and a plat was drawn of the property. The depositions and the plat contain wonderful descriptions of the plantation’s buildings, fences, and fields, including old structures that were in ruins by the 1770s. Armed with this landscape information which often is not available to researchers, the JPPM Public Archaeology Program began to investigate the area that was the heart of the Smith plantation in the early 1700s.
In 1768, James Grant (1720-1806), Governor of British East Florida from 1763 to 1773, established Grant's Villa Plantation at the juncture of the Guana and North Rivers. Enslaved Africans cleared the 1,450-acre tract of land, planted indigo seeds, and processed the plants into blue indigo dye. Indigo dye became East Florida's main export, and Grant's Villa was its most profitable plantation. By 1780, due to declining soil fertility and the disruption of transportation routes during the American Revolution, indigo cultivation was no longer profitable. Ordered to develop a new estate 12 miles north at the headwaters of Guana River, overseer William Brockie and the slaves completed Mount Pleasant Plantation in 1781. Just south of today's Mickler Road, between SR A1A and Neck Road, the slaves built two earthen dams which enclosed a 220-acre rice field. The dam on the south blocked the flow of salty tidal water. The barricade to the north created a fresh water reservoir. In 1784, following the return of East Florida to Spain, both plantations were abandoned and the enslaved Africans were transported to The Bahamas, from where they were sold to rice planters in South Carolina.
…collectors are hereby impowered to demand, secure, and receive all…the duties, customes and imposts…with full power to go on board any boat, ship or other vessel, or into any house…where he shall have just cause to suspect any fraud…collectors…shall…in Aprill and October…render a true and just account upon oath, and make payment…of money as they…shall receive and collect for the duties…" An Act for Ports &c., April 16, 1691, Virginia Legislative Assembly
Dr. Corbin Griffin was a prominent Yorktown physician active in the American Revolutionary War, serving as a surgeon with Virginia forces. During the siege of Yorktown, he was imprisoned by the British on a ship anchored in the York River. During his confinement, his "cellar Down the watter Side" was pilfered by sailors from the British sloop Bonneta while other British troops took items from his medical shop.
Yorktown had a "great fire" in 1814. This destroyed all but the foundations of this house, thought to be one of Thomas Archer's "Houses under the Hill." The present restoration is the nineteeth century dwelling built on the older stone foundations.
Lacking precise instructions from Congress as to where to meet, and spurred by financial rewards for building grade, both railroad companies prepared railbed past each other for 250 miles. No parallel track was ever laid. 
In this photo, taken one day before the transcontinental line was completed, a 30-foot gap in the railroad remained. A tent town quickly grew around the Last Spike Site, and two of the first businesses, the Restaurant and the Red Cloud Saloon can be seen in the background. Within days, numerous other tents would appear as the town of Promontory came into existence. Behind the crowd are some of the cars which carried Central Pacific Railroad dignitaries to the celebration.
After the opening of the Lucin Cutoff in 1904, the historic rail line north of the Great Salt Lake was of minimal importance. In 1942 the last spike was ceremonially “undriven” here before a crowd of Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, and state dignitaries. In a few months, the entire line between Corinne and Lucin was salvaged, with the steel directed to America’s war effort.
For four years Americans closely followed the progress of the Pacific railroad in their newspapers, anxious to see it completed. By May 1869, intense attention was focused on this desolate corner of northern Utah. The entire country was eager for word that the last spike had been driven. 
In 1718 this area was settled by Jean-Baptiste Baudreau dit Graveline, born 1671 in Montreal. Arrived with d'lberville at Fort Maurepas aboard the Renommée Jan 8, 1700.
On April 20, 1925, the Magnolia Route opened with a forty-hour, 1,000 mile endurance drive from Gulfport to Chicago. This route was designed to bring more commerce and tourism to Mississippi.
Title to the land that comprised Brookgreen plantation is traced to a patent for 48,000 acres granted to Robert Daniell in 1711. The property passed to the Allston family when William Allston bought it circa 1740. William Allston Jr. acquired it in 1764 and developed it as his home plantation. By 1799 title had passed to Joshua Ward, whose son, Joshua John Ward, was born here in 1800.
