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Indian Trail

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New York, Wayne County, Williamson

Indian Trail
This road, second in town
was indian trail, later
Canandaigua-Pultneyville
post road, built of plank.
Here stood toll gate.

(Native Americans • Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of Union Church

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New York, Wayne County, Pultneyville
Site of
Union Church
Erected 1825. Open for use
of any denomination,
dedicated to tolerance and
promotion of good order
and religion.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

100 Years of Dramatics

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New York, Wayne County, Pultneyville
On June 21, 1867, The Pultneyville lyceum staged its first entertainment in this building. Under the supervision of Prof. Lewis H. Clark 22 men and women of this village "Acquitted themselves with great credit."
The money raised from the production was used for "the improvement of the village" This tradition of maintaining village property by staging theatrical activities has continued to the present time.

(Entertainment) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Cobblestone Architecture

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New York, Wayne County, Sodus
Why Build With Stone? Glaciers blessed this area with an abundance of stones. Farmers who picked them from their fields recognized their utility as a sturdy, fireproof, free building material that required no painting. An influx of masons working on the Erie Canal provided the expertise needed to build the structures, and soon it became the fashion in the area to build with cobblestones.

Early buildings were masonry throughout. In some later buildings, the stones were used as veneer over a wood structural frame.

Some buildings used uniformly shaped sandstone quions on the corners, others used limestone in a more random pattern.

Some buildings used uniform lake cobbles, others used fieldstones, roughly sorted. Patterns became more elaborate as the style evolved.

Lintels, structural units spanning openings, were often cut from large slabs of sandstone or limestone. In others cases [sic] several stone pieces were fit together in an arch. Still others used wood for lintels.

Cobblestones in the Town of Sodus [map] •Represents the location of a cobblestone structure. Most of these properties are private. Please respect thee rights of property owners.

The glacial history of the Seaway Trail landscape provided a valuable building material.

Seaway Trail, Inc. Corner Ray & West Main St., Sackets Harbor, NY 13685. 1-800-SEAWAY-T. This exhibit made possible by a grant from FHWA to Seaway Trail, Inc.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Taylor County

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene


(Inscription plate with text is missing)

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Origin Of Crow River Dam and Mills

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Minnesota, Kandiyohi County, New London

1858    A natural waterfall was discovered by pioneer Larson while on a hunting and trapping expedition three miles upriver from Nest Lake.

1859    Larson established a camp near the falls but had to abandon it when his tent and most of his gear burned.

1862    Larson and partner, Samuel Stoner, built a cabin and drew up plans for a dam and mill. Charles Sperry, a millwright began construction; but on August 17th the Sioux Indian War broke out and the men had to flee to safety.

1863    Larson and Stoner returned to the washed-out site after the Sioux Uprising had ended.

1864    The dam was rebuilt and a saw mill was completed by the same two pioneers.

1865    Samuel Stoner sold his share in the mill to William Bissett.

1866    1866 The dam washed out again and Mr. Bissett sold his share to C.J. Sperry and William Wright. Louis Larson sold half of his share to Samuel Adams.

1867    The new company rebuilt the dam and added a grist mill operated by three pair of donkeys.

1870    Wright sold his share to Adams.

1882    After Adams died, his wife sold her share to merchants Harold Swenson and Peter Broberg.

1892    Marcus Johnson and W.J. Pinney purchased the mill. First pioneer Louis Larson retired.

1897    The New London Milling Company flourished. Its main product, Supremo Flour, was exported to both domestic and foreign markets.

1939    The New London Mill was sold and demolished to make room for the Federal Fish Hatchery.

2011    The Minnesota DNR constructed the new dam.

(Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Settlements & Settlers • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

L’Anse aux Meadows

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Newfoundland and Labrador, Division No. 9 (North Peninsula), near St Lunaire-Griquet
English:
Discovered in 1960, this is the first authenticated Norse site found in North America and could be Leif Ericsson's short-lived Vinland camp. Some time about AD 1000 Norse seafarers established a base here from which they explored southwards. The traces of bog iron found - the first known example of iron smelting in the new world - in conjunction with evidence of carpentry suggest that boat repair was an important activity. The distance from their homelands and conflict with Native people may have led the Norse to abandon the site.

French:
Découvert en 1960, ce site est le lieu du premier établissement reconnu en Amérique du Nord. Il pourrait s'agir du campement de Vinland qui fut établi par Leif Ericsson et qui fut de courte durée. Vers l'an mille, des marins scandinaves implantèrent une base d'où ils explorèrent des régions situées plus au sud. Premier exemple connu de fonte du fer dans le Nouveau Monde, les traces de fer des marais, qui ont été retrouvées avec des vestiges de menuiserie, donnent à penser que la réparation de barques était une activité importante. L'éloignement de leur patrie et les conflits avec des autochtones poussèrent probablement les Scandinaves à abandonner cet endroit.

(Exploration • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 13 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Sir Wilfred Thomason Grenfell

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Newfoundland and Labrador, Division No. 9 (North Peninsula), St. Anthony
English:
Born in England and trained in medicine, Grenfell gave 50 years of service to the people of northern Newfoundland and Labrador, and became a legend in his own time. He and those he inspired brought medical, spiritual and material aid to seasonal fishermen and coastal inhabitants. A critic of the conditions in which the fishermen lived, he campaigned vigorously to finance numerous humanitarian projects including the hospital here at St. Anthony. In 1912 the International Grenfell Association was founded to manage the diverse programs he had established and this organization continues the work he began.

French:
Né en Angleterre, médecin, Grenfell consacra près de cinquante ans au bien- être spirituel et matériel des habitants de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador, passant ainsi à la légende de son vivant. Avec de nombreux auxiliaires, il améliora les conditions dans lesquelles vivaient les pêcheurs itinérants et les habitants des Côtes et fit campagne en faveur de nombreux projets humanitaires, dont l'hôpital de St-Anthony. En 1912, on fonda l'International Grenfell Association pour administrer et perpétuer les diverses oeuvres que Grenfell avait établies.

(Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Thrombolites or Living Rocks

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Newfoundland and Labrador, Division No. 9 (North Peninsula), near Flower's Cove
These are critically endangered microbial structures. Thrombolites-building micro-organisms resemble the earliest form of life on Earth. These organisms were the only known form of life from 3.5 billion to 650 million years ago. These are some of the earth’s most primitive life forms. Thrombolites (meaning clotted structure) are large bun shaped Cambrian mounds weathering out of flat lying dolostones. They were the growth form of millions of tiny algae and bacteria. These structures are not exactly fossils, but they are evidence for biological activity. These unicellular critters have left a good size trace of their existance (sic) in the fossil record. Thrombo, meaning clotted, indicates an internal structure without lamination. The darker colored, more rounded boulder is a glacial erratic brought here during the Pleistocene glaciation. The furrows, that contain mud-cracked material and radiate from the centre and down the sides, may be drainage channels. These organisms are thought to have thrived in the tidal and subtidal zone of a warm, very salty sea, some being exposed at low tide, and covered at high tide, thus explaining the mud cracks. The larger one may be several communities that amalgamated as they grew.
When you look across the bay to the south, you can see another large colony of Thrombolites on the shore. You can walk out to the small point where there is a fish hut built on a collection of mounds. Here the Thrombolites are not standing as high, but they are more numerous.
These structures are very, very rare. One other place in which they grow is Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia.

(Paleontology) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Samuel Coles

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New Jersey, Camden County, Cherry Hill
1676 Original Land Grant to Samuel Coles by William Penn;
1685 New Orchard purchased by Coles, present cemetery grounds;
1683-5 Member of State Legislature;
1693 died at Barbados, survived by wife, Elizabeth Ibbs, son Samuel and daughter Sarah.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Colonial Era • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Colestown Cemetery

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New Jersey, Camden County, Cherry Hill
This property has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Kay-Evans House at Croft Farm

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New Jersey, Camden County, Cherry Hill
The Kay-Evans house at Croft Farm dates to the mid 18th century when Isaac Kay, a prominent West Jersey settler, built a two-story brick dwelling to accompany his burgeoning milling establishment on the banks of the Cooper River. Subsequent owner Thomas Evan, and his son Josiah, expanded the house and their milling and farming businesses on the site in the mid-1800s. The Evanses were active Quaker abolitionists and used the property as a station along the Underground Railroad, assisting runaway slaves traveling north to freedom. In 1925 John W. Croft, Jr. purchased the property, abandoning the obsolete milling industry on the site in favor of a more lucrative farming business.

Listed on the New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places in 1999, the Kay-Evans House at Croft Farm represents Cherry Hill Township’s early industrial agricultural and social history. The main farmhouse also illustrates the evolution of major architectural styles over three centuries.

The Kay-Evans House and Croft Farm property are owned and operated by Cherry Hill Township. Funding for the exterior restoration of the Kay-Evans House has been possible in part by the Garden State Historic Preservation Trust Fund administrated by the New Jersey Historic Trust State of New Jersey.

(Abolition & Underground RR • Industry & Commerce • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Outbuildings at Croft Farm

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New Jersey, Camden County, Cherry Hill
Croft Farm is fortunate to have a number of extant outbuildings on the property, including the only octagonal ice house in Camden County. All three outbuildings were utilized by several generations of the Evans Family, owners of the property for more than a century. The unique structures reflect the importance of the preservation and preparation of food for the early American farming family.

Icehouse (left) Much like its name suggests, an icehouse was designed to store ice for months at a time. Blocks of ice cut from the adjacent pond in winter were stacked on the dirt floor, which lies three feet below ground level. Straw and sawdust were packed around the ice to prevent melting. The large overhanging roof and openings just below the roofline provided shade and ventilation. Stored properly, ice could last through the following fall or winter.

Smokehouse (center) The smokehouse at Croft Farm was used to cure and smoke meat prior to the winter months. The meat was salted to draw out the moisture and then smoked to seal it from rotting. The meat hung on iron hooks as far from the fire pit as possible, since it was the smoke, not the heat, that accomplished the curing. For that reason, a smokehouse was typically built without a chimney or windows. Smoked meat could be stored for months without risk of spoiling.

Springhouse (right) The springhouse served as the “refrigerator” for the Evans Family at Croft Farm. Generally, the best-designed farms included a springhouse, a small building used for the storage of food that would otherwise spoil, such as dairy products, eggs, or meat. By locating the structure over a localized spring, the constant flow of water provided a cool temperature inside the structure year round. Food supplies were stored in jugs and crocks and placed directly in the water on the floor of the springhouse, as illustrated below, or hung from hooks above.

In the mid-Atlantic region, the springhouse was typically a two-story structure; the upper room was often used as a workspace or for additional storage of canned and preserved foods. Stone and mortar construction was typical for a springhouse, as stone retained cool temperatures better than wood.

(Inscription under the drawing in the left bottom)
Workers cut ice from a frozen pond. Ice-cutting was a major American industry in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

(Inscription under the photo in the lower right)
Typical interior of a 19th century mid-Atlantic springhouse shown at right. Courtesy of the Daniel Boone Homestead

(Agriculture • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Free Wheel

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New Jersey, Camden County, Cherry Hill
Cherry Hill Township’s first public sculpture speaks to the history and heritage of the Croft Farm as both the site of a successful milling industry and a station along the Underground Railroad.

Created entirely of steel, the sculpture stands over 10 feet high and weighs more than 6,500 lbs. The process to create the piece from raw metal into a work of art was considerable, and there were obstacles and challenges to be handled at every step of the way.

Mayor Bernard A. Platt, Town Council, artist Peter Trout Gard and proud members of the Cherry Hill Art advisory Board Sculpture Committees dedicated Free Wheel on October 26, 2003. It stands as an enduring reminder of the significance of Cherry Hill’s history.

(Abolition & Underground RR • Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Hessian Army during the Revolutionary War

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New Jersey, Camden County, Haddonfield
During the Revolutionary War the Hessian Army was encamped on these grounds before and after the battle of Red Bank, fought October 22, 1777, near Fort Mercer on the Delaware River, where it met defeat.

The officers occupied the houses on the west side of the road. The first brick house from Cooper’s Creek was owned by John Middleton and was demolished in 1926 when this high school was erected.

The two buttonwoods in front of this building were slips from the historic buttonwood trees now standing on Kings Highway north of Haddon Ave., planted April 13, 1928.

(War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Alfred Eastlack Driscoll

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New Jersey, Camden County, Haddonfield
Exponent of the Business of Government. Distinguished Citizen-Educated in the Haddenfield Public Schools, Williams College, Harvard University-with an imposing record of the achievement as a Public Servant in his Community, State, and Nation. Member of the Board of Education, Commissioner of the Borough of Haddonfield, State Senator of Camden County, Director, State Alcoholic Beverage Control, Governor of the State of New Jersey 1947-1954 under whose notable administration the Constitution of 1948 was adopted.

(Politics) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early History of New London

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Minnesota, Kandiyohi County, New London

1865    Louis Larson filed homestead rights and named the site New London.

1867    Merchants W.W. Pinney and Samuel Adams each built and opened stores. Postal service began.

1868    New London became county seat of Monongalia County.

1870    Monongalia County became part of Kandiyohi County.

1873    Lebanon Lutheran church erected. Many businesses opened during the 1870's, flourished, then disappeared. Among them: Blacksmith, Carriage and Wagon Maker, Gunsmith, Harness Maker, Tinsmith, Miller and Dress Maker.

1884    First newspaper, New London Review, was published.

1886    Great Northern Railroad line between St. Cloud and Willmar opened with postal and passenger service. Several businesses operated near the depot, but relocated two years later to the mill area.

1889    Incorporation of the village; Louis Larson was the first Mayor. Population was 176.

1890    New London Creamery and Great Northern Hotel opened and construction began on the State Bank.

1892    Mission Covenant church was built.

1893    The fire hall, with bell tower alarm, was completed next to the dam, opposite the mill.

1895    Original brick building of the Big Store was built.

1898    Presbyterian church was built.

1904    New London Telephone company was organized. The Norwegian Lutheran church was built.

1905    The first elementary and high school was built of concrete block.

1910    Farmers Cooperative Store opened, and a municipal building was erected.

1915    (1912*)   Sunnyside Hospital opened, servicing most of the surrounding towns.

1915    Farmers State Bank was built.

1921    A concrete auditorium was built. It is now the Little Theatre.

1930    (1936*)   Major construction was completed on state (U.S.*) highway 71 with another bridge over the millpond.

1940    New London's Diamond Jubilee, it's 75th birthday was celebrated for three days and attracted 15,000 people.

(Churches, Etc. • Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Site of 1825 Keeper's Dwelling House

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New York, Wayne County, Sodus Point
On May 26, 1824 an act of Congress approved appropriation of $4,500 to construct a light tower and keeper's house at Sodus Bay. On November 20, 1824 three acres of land were purchased from William Wickham for the sum of $68.75 and construction began. In 1825 both structures were completed and the light was placed in operation.

Both structures were built of limestone and mortar. The dwelling house measured 34 by 20 feet and was divided into two rooms, each with a fireplace. The walls were 20 inches thick and there was a 12 by 14 foot scullery at the south end of the building. The light tower was 40 feet high with a 22 foot diameter at its base and 10 foot diameter at its top. The wall was 3 feet thick at the bottom.

An inspection of both structures in 1868 and again in 1869 determined that they were in poor condition and not worthy of repair. Consequently, at the July 15, 1870 session of Congress, $14,000 was appropriated to build the present lighthouse. When that was completed in 1871, the two original structures were torn down and the stone used to build a jetty out into the lake in hope that it would stop erosion. The four piles of stone you see here were brought up from the shore and were part of the original keeper's dwelling house. The beacon, located near the bank of the shore, was the sight of the light tower.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

British Raids

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New York, Wayne County, Sodus Point

Under Fire. Troupville was one of several lakeshore communities to come under attack by the British navy during a campaign to disrupt the flow of military stores to American forces.

Troupville (Sodus Point) c.1813. In 1813, the lakeshore was different than today; the beach area that has been formed by breakwater was not there. Large ships had to anchor off the point. The forest still extended to the west edge of the settlement. There were just a few buildings clustered aound the public square, the same square that exists today.

1. Hearing rumors of a British attack on Charlotte and fearing that Troupville could be next, the local militia prepared for attack and hid their provisions in a gully west of the village.
2. After several days and no British ships in sight, the militia was sent home on the morning of June 19th.
3. When the British ships were spotted the afternoon of June 19th, as many of the militia as possible were called back.
The Mansion house was spared because the wounded American, Asher Warner was taken there for shelter. Asher Warner later died, a plaque marks the site today.
4. In the evening of June 19, 1813, a force of 100 British soldiers landed in the darkness but the militia was ready for them. After an exchange of musket fire, resulting in casualties on both sides, the British returned to their ships and the militia scattered.
5. In the morning of June 20, 1813 a volley of cannon fire announced another attack, and British forces landed again. This time, finding little resistance, they overran the village, confiscated supplies, and set fire to every building but one.

American Militia. The American militia was made up of local farmers, businessmen, and residents. They were the first line of defense against British invasion, but they were loosely organized and not well equipped.

British Plunder Lakeshore Communities. Years after the American Revolution ended, the British still maintained a foothold on American soil. Lake Ontario was used primarily by the British as a supply route. When war was declared in 1812, both sides assembled a naval fleet and struggled to control the lake. The British naval fleet, under the command of Commodore Sir James Lucas Yeo, was able to elude the Americans, attack lakeshore communities, and confiscate supplies.

Raid Timeline.
1814: May 15-
British under Yeo raid Pultneyville. May 14- Yeo fires cannon volley at Charlotte but does not land. May 5-6 -Yeo's forces attack Oswego and take Fort Ontario.
1813: June 20- British sack and burn Troupville (Sodus Point). June 19- Yeo's ships appear offshore and launch a nighttime attack. June 15- British under Yeo raid Charlotte.
1812: United States declared war on Great Britain.
1796: British withdraw from forts on American territory, but still control Lake Ontario.
1783: American Revolution ends with the Treaty of Paris.

Great Lakes Seaway Trail lakeshore communities were vulnerable to British invasion from the waters of Lake Ontario.

War of 1812. Look for more than two dozen War of 1812 Outdoor Storyteller Signs along the Great Lake Seaway Trail.
Seaway Trail, Inc., 401 West Main Street, Sackets Harbor, NY 13685. America's Byways. This project was funded in part by the Federal Highway Administration and administered by the New York State Scenic Byways Program of the New York State Department of Transportation and Seaway Trail, Inc.

(War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Pat Munroe House

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Florida, Gadsden County, Quincy
Mark Welch, "Mr. Pat Munroe" built the Pat Munroe House for his first wife, Edith Adelaide Walker, in 1893. The couple had 10 children before her death in 1896. Mr. Pat later married Mary Frances Gray in 1912. Eight children were born from this union. Mr. Pat was the son of William Munroe, an immigrant from Inverness, Scotland. Serving for 50 years as president of the Quincy State Bank, Mr. Pat was reguarded as a prominent and respected businessman. His family occupied the house until 1972, after which John Welch Bates , a grandson of Mr. Pat, purchased the home from the estate of Mary C. Munroe. The home was then donated to the City of Quincy. The Quincy Garden Club has leased the home since that time. The Pat Munroe House is built of heart of pine in an unadorned Victorian style. Notable features of the house include stained glass windows, sculptured mantels, and plaster ceiling medallions. The basic structure of the house has not changed since 1893. The grounds, however, have gone from a farm-like atmosphere with chickens , a cow and vegetable garden , to a well landscaped area with camillias, azealeas and other plants of interest.
A Florida Heritage Site

(Charity & Public Work • Landmarks) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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