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Hubert H. Humphrey

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Minnesota, Ramsey County, Saint Paul


[Major accomplishments on statue base]
Vice President · U.S. Senator · Mayor
Peace Corps · Civil Rights
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

[Adjoining panels read]
Mayor, City of Minneapolis 1945-1948
United States Senator
1949-1964, 1971-1978
Vice-President of the United States
1965-1969

"The time has arrived in America for the Democratic Party to get out of the shadow of the state's rights and walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights." (1948 Democratic National Convention)

"Freedom is not real to me when I have it and my brother does not, when my nation enjoys it and another does not, when my race achieved it and others have not." (1967)

"I have enjoyed my life, its disappointments outweighed by its pleasures. I have loved my country in a way that some people consider sentimental and out of style. I still do. And I remain an optimist with joy, without apology about this country and about the American experiment in democracy."

"It was once said that the moral test of Government is how that Government treats those who are in the dawn of life, children; those who are in the twlight of life, the elderly; and those who are in the shadows of life, the sick, the needy, and the handicapped." (1977)

Hubert H. Humphrey [signature]

(Civil Rights • Politics • War, Cold) Includes location, directions, 10 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Charles A. Lindbergh

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Minnesota, Ramsey County, Saint Paul


"I used to imagine myself with wings on which I could swoop down off our roof into the valley, soaring through the air from one river bank to another."

"The accumulation of knowledge, the discoveries of science, the products of technology, our ideas, our art, our social structures, all the achievements of mankind have value only to the extent that they preserve and improve the quality of life."

"Science, freedom, beauty, adventure: what more could you ask of life? Aviation combined all the elements I loved."

Charles A. Lindbergh

(Air & Space • Exploration) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Locust Grove Cemetery

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Kentucky, Edmonson County, near Mammoth Cave

The Mammoth Cave Railroad didn’t wind through wilderness – once families, communities, and congregations called these hills home. An abandoned chimney, a foundation stone, or even a line of daffodils may mark an old homeplace. Among the most numerous reminders are the park’s cemeteries – 77 cemeteries remain in the park, some frequently visited, others secluded and silent.

The cemeteries yield many clues about the lives of the people who dwelt there. The names of the people, of course, speak of kinship, and a stone on which the birth and death date are the same speaks of family tragedy, and the perils of childbearing in the early years of the 20th century.

Close by once stood the Locust Grove Methodist Episcopalian Church. Only its cemetery now remains. Its name may echo the religious traditions of the region’s early settlers, when traveling preachers known as “circuit riders” would meet believers in outdoor groves for “brush arbor meetings” when no church was available.

Perhaps another tradition speaks like the voice of those who have lived here and gone: the pure white flower of the locust tree is said to represent affection – from beyond the grave.

Area congregations still use the thorny branches of the locust tree to make “crowns of thorns” for religious displays.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Churches, Etc. • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Union City: Cave Crossroads

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Kentucky, Edmonson County, near Mammoth Cave

Here along the Mammoth Cave Railroad and at the junction of two country roads, John Newton “Newt” France operated a country store in the 1920s. Here also starting in 1922 automobile travelers would have to make a choice. The main country road led to the world-renowned Mammoth Cave. The other, narrower side road led to the recently opened New Entrance Cave. Fierce competitors, the two caves vied for the attention of travelers.

Newt France benefited from the travel no matter what the traveler’s choice. The store served the surrounding rural community until the establishment of the National Park. Today the two cave entrances, both in fact part of the same massive cave system, can be toured on two different ranger-led tours.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Norwayne Subdivision

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Michigan, Wayne County, Westland

Side 1
In 1942, the National Housing Agency designed and built the Norwayne Subdivision to provide rental housing for nearby WWII defense factory workers. It cost $12 million dollars and was then the largest public housing project in the Detroit area. Norwayne was home to employees of the Willow Run Bomber Plant, Bendix Aviation Corporation, Stinson Aircraft Corporation, and the Wayne County Asylum. It included two elementary schools, a shopping plaza, a fire station and a church. The schools offered daycare facilities for children whose mothers worked at the defense factories. Twenty-three bus routes provided large scale public transportation in the face of wartime gas rationing.

Side 2
The Norwayne Subdivision's curving streets followed Federal Housing Administration standards and were named for Michigan counties and towns. Each single and multi-family home was set back the same distance from the street. Due to war-time restrictions on labor and building materials, houses had no basements, minimal interior spaces and limited exterior decoration. In 1948, Nankin Township assumed control of the subdivision from the federal government, and houses were sold to private homeowners. A 1956 tax assessment paid for the concrete streets with curbs and gutters. Norwayne Historic District, which covers 325 acres, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

(War, World II) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Johnson's Tavern

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Michigan, Wayne County, Wayne
In 1824 George M. Johnson purchased eighty acres of land from the government and erected a log tavern at this location, a days journey from Detroit. Stephen G. Simmons bought the tavern from Johnson in 1825 and operated it until he was hanged for the murder of his wife in 1830. In 1832 the tavern, located on the new Detroit-Chicago military road, was purchased by Ezra Derby. He later subdivided some of his land and sold lots. A hamlet known as Derby's developed around the tavern, and in 1836 the name of the settlement was changed to Wayne, apparently to honor General Anthony Wayne. On April 12, 1869, forty-five years after George Johnson settled here, the village was incorporated.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Dinsmore Homestead

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Kentucky, Boone County, near Burlington
Side A James and Martha Macomb Dinsmore moved from La. to raise their three daughters here. Completed in1842, the main house served as the center of a typical large, antebellum Boone Co. farm. tenants and slaves raised grains, grapes, sheep, and orchard produce for the Cincinnati market, while German immigrants made willow baskets. After the Civil War tobacco became the crop of choice. 2014 Kentucky Historical Society Kentucky Department of Highways 2420

Side B

After her parents and sisters died, Julia Dinsmore raised her nieces, preserved the home as a retreat for family & friends, and ran the farm for 54 years. She kept a journal of her life on the farm and became a published poet in 1910. After her death in 1926, the farm passed to her great-niece, Isabella Greenway, the first congresswoman from Az.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Great Karg Gas Well January 20 1886

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Ohio, Hancock County, Findlay
The great Karg gas well January 20 1886 This marker is erected in humble pride by the people of Findlay Ohio June 21 1937

(Notable Events) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tanner’s Station 1789

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Kentucky, Boone County, Petersburg
Tanner’s Station 1789 First settlement in Boone County. Rev. John Tanner built blockhouse, and town began on 2000 acres he and John Taylor owned. Shawnees captured Tanner’s 9-year-old son here, held him until grown. An ardent Baptist, Tanner preached in Carolinas, Virginia; came to Kentucky in 1781; moved to Missouri, 1798; died there 1812, age about 80. Town named Petersburg, 1818

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First Congregational Church

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Michigan, Wayne County, Wayne
On August 20, 1848, the Reverend James S. Kidder and nine members chartered the First Congregational Church of Wayne. Later that year, a Congregational society was formed. The two organizations worked as one body, but were separate, looking to the spiritual needs of its members and the society taking care of the secular matters associated with the church. The society owned the church property and took responsibility for its legal and financial interests. The church and society memberships were not always the same. In 1849 the society erected a Greek Revival meetinghouse on this site. Destroyed by fire in 1970, it was replaced by the present building in 1973.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Old Wayne Village Hall

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Michigan, Wayne County, Wayne
Since 1878 the Old Wayne Village Hall has served as the center of civic affairs in Wayne. It is one of the few surviving Second Empire style buildings in Wayne County. The first meeting of the village took place on April 20, 1869. In the following years, meetings were held in rented quarters. In 1877, when the village's population had reached 1,400, Wayne officials approved plans for a village hall and jail. James Lewis of Detroit received the building contract in January 1878. On August 19, 1878, the cornerstone was laid. The new village hall, built at a cost of $1,415, was completed on November 19, 1878. and accepted for use on January 7, 1879. In 1916 quarters for the police and fire departments were added. The building became the Wayne Historical Museum in 1969.

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Monroe Township School

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Ohio, Logan County, near West Liberty
(artwork- etching of building) Monroe Township School 1918- 1952 site donated by Ernest and Ethel Horsley

(Education) Includes location, directions, 11 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Upton House

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Michigan, Macomb County, Sterling Heights

Side 1
Constructed in 1866-67, the William Upton House is one of the oldest surviving nineteenth-century brick dwellings in Sterling Heights. Italianate in style, the house features a reconstructed open porch topped by a second story balustrade, a cupola, period chimneys and refurbished window units. According to oral tradition, the interior building materials were imported from England. Most farmsteads of this era were constructed of wood; the brick used on this one demonstrates the affluence of its builder. By 1891 the Upton farm consisted of 138 acres. Upton farmed this land and sold fish from the Clinton River. When the exterior restoration of the house was done in 1981-82, the interior was adapted for use as public offices.

Side 2
William Upton, a wealthy farmer and merchant, built this stately Italianate house in 1866-67. Born in 1835 in Leicestershire, England, Upton came to this country with his parents in the fall of 1841. The family lived in Detroit for several years before settling in Sterling Township in 1845. In 1861, William married Sarah Jeanette Aldrich. he built this house on his farm, where he, his wife and their children lived until 1891, when they moved to Utica. There, Upton purchased a three-story business block from which he sold Shropshire sheep and ran a successful mercantile and real estate business until 1897. In 1904 fire destroyed the Upton block. Shortly afterwards, William moved to Rochester, Michigan. He died in 1923 at the age of eighty-eight.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

This Historical Inclosure

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Minnesota, Kandiyohi County, New London

This historical inclosure and all of its adornments constitute a memorial to Victor E. Lawson (1871–1960) the pioneer historian of Kandiyohi County. It has been provided by the Tribune Printing Company, Inc. publishers of the West Central Daily Tribune of Willmar thus honoring him as its' founder in addition to his role as a distinguished historian.

The year of this memorial is 1978

Victor E. Lawson came with his parents and other members of the family to New London from Paxton, Illinois where he was born...he was a young lad at the time. His father was a builder of several church structures.

He had a meager six grade education in the rural schools of that period.

When he attained the age in his twenties he showed an aptitude as a writer and also a printer, and soon became the publisher and editor of the New London Times.

In 1895 he moved to Willmar when he was called upon to be the founder of a third weekly newspaper and given the name of the Willmar Tribune. The new paper was of liberal persuasion. As a weekly paper it finally outgrew the other two papers, continued to prosper and later in 1928 became the West Central Daily Tribune of today.

In 1905 he became the author of The Pioneer History of Kandiyohi County reputed to be the most comprehensive such in the state.

Lawson besides becoming a distinguished journalist and historian also had a distinguished career in public life as well as in the area of history.

He served several terms in the Senate of the State of Minnesota and as such had also a distinguished career as one of the founders of the Farmer Labor Party in the 1920–30 period.

In Willmar he served several terms as mayor and was president several years of the school board.

Statewide he served as president of the Minnesota Historical Society and also served as president of the Minnesota Associated Press.

While in the State Senate he fathered legislation that established two state parks in this area – Sibley State Park and Monson Lake State Park.

With only a six grade country school education he educated himself by extensive reading which resulted in his personal library of several thousand volumes of literature and of historical import.

In 1945 Gustavus Adolphus College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters.

In 1949 he was decorated by King Gustaf V of Sweden as a Knight of the Royal Order of Vasa as he had attained note as an outstanding Swedish–American.

As further evidence of his interest in public service he gave leadership in the establishment of the memorial highway leading out of Willmar to the north and the acquisition of Robbins Island as a notable park under city administration.

Besides his interest in public affairs on local and state fronts he was a devoted member of his church of Lutheran faith serving as chairman of the Board of Trustees of Bethel Lutheran in Willmar and at the time in 1926 when that congregation built its present church of cathedral design of architecture. He also served as president of the state organization of the Lutheran Brotherhood and also served for years on the board of the Augustana Book Concern.

For many terms he also served on the Board of Directors of Gustavus Adolphus College, Lutheran Educational Institution.

(Notable Persons) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Mormon Pioneer Camp

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Nebraska, Morrill County, Bridgeport
Brigham Young and his company of Mormon Pioneers camped about 1,000 feet west of this point May 24, 1847. They were enroute from Nauvoo, Illinois and Winter Quarters, Nebraska to the Valley of the Great Salt Lake, which they reached July 24, 1847.
The Mormon Trail was on the north side of the river and the Oregon Trail on the south side.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Guiding Landmarks

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Nebraska, Morrill County, near Bridgeport
Court House Rock was first noticed by explorer Robert Stuart in 1812 and quickly became one of the guiding landmarks for fur traders and emigrants traveling to the California, Oregon and Utah Territories. It is a massive monolith of Brule Clay and Gering Sandstone that was likened to a courthouse or a castle. A smaller feature just to the east was the Jail Rock. From this location, Courthouse Rock has an obvious resemblance to the familiar building with a dome or cupola in the city square back home. This could be anybody’s courthouse from Maine to Iowa, but most thought it resembled the famous old courthouse in St. Louis.
While these two landmarks are located south of the North Platte River, they could be seen by the Mormons as they passed this way. Many wrote journal entries recording their fascination with land formations from Ash Hollow to Scott’s Bluffs. Their journals described the “awesome space and empty openness” as well as their interest with the rock formations that seemed to rise out of nowhere. Some called Courthouse Rock “castle like” and for some, it reminded them of a temple.

Side bar, lower right:
William Clayton, May 24, 1847 - “Opposite the camp on the south side of the river is a very large rock very much resembling a castle of four stories high, but in a state of ruin. A little to the east a rock stands which looks like a fragment of a very thick wall. The scenery around is pleasant and romantic.”
Henry Pugh, clerk of the Joseph Young Company, Sunday, August 21, 1853 “Meeting held at 1:15 p.m. at which Pres. Joseph W. Young exhorted the Saints to diligence, constancy in prayer, union, etc. Some discord having existed, he found it necessary to speak plainly to the camp and scold them somewhat which, however, was done in an amiable spirit. At 4:45 p.m. the company moved on, traveling 5 miles and camped for the night at 7 o’clock on the side of the road opposite Court House Rock.”
William Henry Branch, Sr. - Wilford Woodruff Company, Mon. August 12, 1850 - “Today we passed Temple Rock, This is a curious work of nature. It is a stupendous rock some eighty feet in diameter at its base. It rises some 40 feet perpendicular, or nearly so. On the top of this is a dome or steeple 15 feet in diameter and 20 feet high running to a point at the top. Beside this there are smaller rocks from 15 to 20 feet high.”

Many explorers, emigrants and pioneers kept diaries and journals of their 4-5 month trek across the prairies and mountains that provide us with insight into their experiences.

(Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bridgeport, Nebraska

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Nebraska, Morrill County, Bridgeport
Bridgeport, founded in 1900 as a station by the Burlington Railroad, celebrated its centennial in 2000. The town is located on or near many historic trails of the West, including the Oregon, California Mormon, Pony Express, and Sidney-Black Hills Trails. Courthouse and Jail Rocks, south of Bridgeport, were landmarks mentioned in many traveler’s journals.
In 1876 Henry T. Clarke constructed a bridge across the North Platte River three miles upstream from the future site of Bridgeport, to improve the trail from Sidney to the gold-mining town s of the Black Hills. Freight from Sidney and gold from the mines flowed across the bridge for nearly a decade. A village named Camp Clarke sprang up nearby.
The coming of railroads to the North Platte Valley established Bridgeport and brought increased settlement to the area. Irrigation projects in the early 1900s prompted agricultural development. Bridgeport became the seat of newly designated Morrill County in 1908. It remains a stable community, whose economy is based on agriculture, railroads and government.

(Bridges & Viaducts • Roads & Vehicles • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Oregon Trail

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Nebraska, Morrill County, near Bridgeport
Oregon
Trail
Marked by
the State of
Nebraska
1912

(Roads & Vehicles) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Courthouse and Jail Rocks

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Nebraska, Morrill County, near Bridgeport
Courthouse and Jail Rocks are two of the most famous landmarks of western migration. Nearby passed the Oregon-California Trail, the Mormon Trail, the Pony Express Trail, and the Sidney-Deadwood Trail. The rocks were vanguards of unforgettable scenic wonders that travelers would encounter farther west, including Chimney Rock’s curious spire and the rugged heights of Scott’s Bluffs.
Hundreds of overland emigrants mentioned Courthouse Rock in their diaries. Often called a “castle” or “solitary tower.” the name Courthouse was first used in 1837. One 1845 traveler described the rock as “resembling the ruins of an old castle (which) rises abruptly from the plain… It is difficult to look upon it and not believe that art has something to do with its construction. The voyagers have called it the Courthouse; but it looks infinitely more like the Capitol.”
Courthouse and Jail Rocks, rising some 400 feet above the North Platte Valley, are erosional remnants composed of clay, sandstone, and volcanic ash. The rocks are listed in the National Register of Historic Places and in the Nebraska Natural Areas Register.

(Landmarks) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

George Redington House

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New York, Saint Lawrence County, Waddington

This property has been
placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places

by the United States
Department of the Interior
Circa 1825

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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