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The Alamo / El Alamo

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Texas, Bexar County, San Antonio
Side 1
The Alamo
Mission San Antonio de Valero - famed as The Alamo - founded 1718 by Spanish Missionaries. Secularized 1793. Garrison for Spanish Cavalry and Flying Company of San Carlos de Parras y Alamo. Between February 23 and March 6, 1836, gallant Texans, greatly outnumbered by General Santa Anna's Army defended the sprawling compound to the death. The Battle of The Alamo stands as a symbol of freedom throughout the world. The Alamo Chapel and convent, later the Long Barracks, remain and are owned by the State of Texas and are under the custody of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. National, State and City Landmark.

Side 2
El Alamo
Misión San Antonio de Valero – conocido por El Alamo – fundada 1718 por Misioneros Españoles. Seculada 1793. Guarnación por Calverio Español y Companía Voladora de San Carlos de Parras y Alamo. Entre Febrero 23 y Marzo 6, 1836, Tejanos galantes, sobrepasados por el Goberieno del General Santa Anna, defendieron el compuesto hasta la muerte. La Batalla del Alamo representa un símbolo de libertad sobre todo el mundo. La Capilla del Alamo y convento, despues los Cuarteles Largos, permanecen y son propiedad del Estado de Tejas bajo en cuidado de las Hijas de la República de Tejas. Marcas históricas Nacional, Estadal y Municipal.

(Churches, Etc. • Forts, Castles • War, Texas Independence) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

James Winford Hunt

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene
Born in present Oklahoma, James Winford Hunt grew up on the Texas high plains. A newspaper publisher for several years, he became a Methodist minister in 1903. While a pastor in Abilene, he convinced the Northwest Texas Conference of the Methodist Church to build a college in the town. The school, McMurry College, opened in 1923 with Dr. Hunt as president. Known widely for this writings and sermons, he became a successful Christian educator.
Texas Sesquicentennial    1836–1986

(Churches, Etc. • Education) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Men from Massachusetts

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Virginia, Hanover County, Doswell
The crack of thunder and flash of lightning echoed across the ravine before you, as the men of Ledlie’s Brigade struggled to survive the relentless Confederate rifle and cannon fire which targeted them with fatal precision. The low ground offered some cover to the desperate men from Massachusetts, who paid a deadly price for their attack. The open ground ahead proved impossible to move through, but to withdraw meant falling back without orders.

The sight of the 12th Mississippi Infantry coming over the Rebel earthworks ahead of them decided the matter, and Ledlie’s soldiers began the sprint back to safety. Lieutenant Colonel Chandler, leading the 57th Massachusetts, halted the nearby commander of the 56th Massachusetts, Lieutenant Colonel Stephen Weld, shouting, “Weld, what are you going to do?" Weld responded, "I don’t know.” Chandler replied, "I am going to rally my men and try to make a stand.” Weld fatefully answered, “I will join you.”

However, before Chandler and Weld could rally more than sixty men individually, Colonel Merry B. Harris’ men fixed a volley from only 40 yards away, sweeping away the remaining fragments of the Union defense. Chandler sank into the mud, mortally wounded, while Weld was wounded in the side. The Federal survivors ran for the woods behind them, chased by the howling soldiers from Mississippi.

(captions)
(left) Lieutenant Colonels Charles Chandler and Stephen Weld
(center) Colonel Merry B. Harris
Presented to the people of the United States by Colonel and Mrs. Benjamin C. Buckley of Virginia.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Like the Coming of a Cyclone

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Virginia, Hanover County, Doswell
The fighting pits before you mark the positions of the skirmishers of the 2nd Georgia Battalion of General Ambrose Wright’s Brigade, defending Ox Ford. The Georgians were in a perfect position to fire into the flank of Ledlie’s assaulting columns without being detected.

“We were ordered forward, in some places a difficult thing to do, as the face of the ravine was almost perpendicular, but by dint of perseverance, we were finally mustered, tired and out at breath, upon the plateau above…a noise like the coming of a cyclone or at herd of steers reached our ears... Tinsley and myself each had a good tree for protection, and with guns ready, determined to hold our ground.

The noise coming nearer but evidently passing across our front, we distinguished the left files of three columns passing across our front. Discharging our guns into the flanks of their first line, loading and firing as fast as we could…the fire was returned with interest, the bark flying as the bullets struck the trees.”
E. A. Shiver, 2nd Georgia Battalion

(captions)
(left) A Federal attack during the Overland Campaign, May 1864.
(right) Two of the soldiers of the 56th Massachusetts who were Wounded in Action at Ox Ford on May 24, 1864: Sergeants Charles W. Boyer and Walter Cook.

Presented to the people of the United States by Jeanette and Carl Christman of Kansas.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Run for Safety

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Virginia, Hanover County, Doswell
The melee resulting from the combination of a pouring thunderstorm, the boiling mix of five regiments of Union soldiers pursued by three regiments of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia infantrymen - accented by the flashes and smoke of rifle and cannon fire – was truly memorable. Each man was unsure of who was running in the next clump of trees, friend or foe. The Yanks slid down the sleep ravines before you, discarding their equipment as they ran.

Many were unable to reach the safety within the forest and were captured. Although fortunate to survive the battle unhurt, captivity in Confederate prison camps proved more deadly than the fight at Ox Ford. Over 80 men of Ledlie's Brigade were sent to the prison camp at Andersonville, Georgia. Antonio Phillips and Lyman Bryant were the first two of the captives from the 57th Massachusetts to die, both on the same day in July 1864. Ironically, Phillips was a resident of Oxford, Massachusetts, leaving behind six children.

Edward A. Walton, a machinist from Worcster, was next to perish on August 10th, “of cruel neglect, exposure, and starvation… He has left behind a fond wife and child, who with his grief stricken parents and brothers, mourn his sad and painful death," recorded the Worcester Spy on January 31, 1865. Walton's family learned of his last moments from a friend who cared for him until he died from scurvy and diarrhea. His daughter, Alice, was only one year old.

Egbert s. Jacquins died only five days later. John A. Paine was the last to fall, leaving behind a wife and five children. He died of starvation on September 10, 1864, only days before the seventh birthday of his daughter, Ida. Reported killed at Ox Ford, Paine’s family never knew until after the war he had survived the battle only to perish at Andersonville.

(captions)
(upper right) The Confederate prison camp at Andersonville, Georgia: Near the main gate.
(lower right) Phillips, Walton, Jacquins, and Paine are buried in the National Cemetery at Andersonville.

Presented to the people of the United States by Bryan Hagen of Virginia and Ben Hagen of Minnesota.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ledlie's Legacy

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Virginia, Hanover County, Doswell
Ledlie’s men reached safety after uniting with Colonel Elisha Gaylord Marshall's 9th Corps Provisional brigade. Marshall was a tough West Point graduate who fought on the western frontier and was severely wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg. Ln contrast, Marshall's brigade consisted of dismounted cavalrymen and heavy artillerymen accustomed to defending Northern cities, not the heavily wooded ravines before you, echoing eerily with triumphant rebel yells.

“While we lay in the woods, the clouds, which in the morning looked dark and portentous, assumed a darker hue, and in a short time the rain fell in torrents; the blinding flashes of lightning, joined with the deep rumble of the thunder, produced a scene of gloom if not of terror. As it grew dark the firing had ceased, and it now seemed as if the powers on high alone were in contention."
History of the 58th Massachusetts Infantry

The morale of Marshall's men suffered from the beaten and bloody boys coming into their lines. No doubt motivated by fear that whatever force had devastated their comrades might also come for them, the men of the Provisional Brigade quickly began constructing log and earthen breastworks. The night rang for hours with the sounds of digging and chopping of wood, while the beaten and demoralized soldiers of Ledlie’s Brigade gladly took refuge by the river.

Private Vincent DeLong of the 24th New York Dismounted Cavalry felt little sympathy for Ledlie’s Brigade, particularly the two regular regiments. He recorded in his diary, “nothing of much importance took plase only the 4 and 10 regulars run like sheap…”

(captions)
(left) Colonel Elisha Gaylord Marshall
(center) Private Vincent DeLong
(right) Order of Battle
Presented to the people of the United States by Anne Skelly of California.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

A Night of Agony

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Virginia, Hanover County, Doswell
A field hospital was set up beside the river where the wounded were given what little care could be provided in the darkness and rain. The waters of the North Anna were now too high to carry the men to safety, so the Federal soldiers settled down for a long night of suffering, awaiting dawn.

In the midst of all the misery, Color Sergeant Leopold Karpeles of the 57th Massachusetts was particularly brokenhearted. Wounded while holding the regiment’s colors, he had refused to leave the flag until ordered to the rear by Lieutenant Colonel Chandler. In the darkness of the hospital, Karpeles overheard a rumor that Chandler was killed because, after Color Corporal Ira Bullard died in the final enemy charge, the colonel seized the flag to protect it from the Rebels.

The regimental historian later wrote “there was no ground to the rumor, but the poor fellow was inconsolable. All night long he charged himself with the death of his ‘dear colonel’ because he left the field.” In fact, Lieutenant Colonel Chandler did die of his wounds. Karpeles would survive his wound and eventually receive the Medal of Honor for his bravery at the Battle of the Wilderness.

Brigadier General Ledlie received no known reprimand for his performance at Ox Ford. Instead of a court-martial, he was promoted to command the 1st Division, 9th Corps, resulting in several more blunders until the Federal debacle on July 30, 1864, known as the Battle of the Crater. Found in a bunker while his division was attacking Petersburg, Ledlle was driven from the army in disgrace, resigning on January 23, 1865.

(captions)
(left) Wounded soldiers are carried off the battlefield.
(right) Color Sergeant Leopold Karpeles and Major Wallace Putnam. Putnam was mortally wounded on May 24, 1864

Sponsored by members of the BGES in honor of Mike Miller, Donna Neary, Gordon Rhea, Art Taylor, Martin Marietta Aggregate and the Hanover County Department of Parks & Recreation.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Defence of Lunenburg

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Nova Scotia, Lunenburg County, Lunenburg
English
When the British settlement at Lunenburg was established in 1753, the Town plot was enclosed by pickets surrounding the east, north and west ends of the Town. The west end was fortified by four blockhouses placed at strategic intervals between the Front Harbour and the Back Harbour, and another on the east end on Blockhouse Hill. Each of these blockhouses formed a central “keep” of small heavily stockaded fortifications which were built to protect the new community from attack from land or sea. They were garrisoned by a combination of regular troops who had been sent out to protect the settlers and members of the local civilian militia. Most of these early structures soon fell into disrepair after the Acadians were expelled from the colony and a peace accord was made with the Mi’kmaq thus lessening the threat of attack.

During the American Revolutionary War in 1783 (sic), Lunenburg was attacked by Boston privateers. Despite a spirited defense of the community led by Colonel John Creighton, a senior magistrate, who managed to lead a small force to Blockhouse Hill, the attackers prevailed, burning and plundering a few houses. War with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France began in 1793 and lasted until 1815. During this period, the Town was again fortified. New defenses were built on Blockhouse Hill and at the old Fort Boscawen at the entrance to Lunenburg Harbour overlooking the present day High Liner Foods plant. The Town was never attacked and gradually these fortifications deteriorated.

Six cannons (guns) located at various sites around the town are all that is left of the efforts to defend Lunenburg in the 18th and 19th centuries. Can you find them?

French
Lorsque l’établissement de Lunenburg est ctéé par les Britanniques en 1753, la ville est protégée par une palissade qui entoure ses secteurs est, nord et ouest. On construit un blockhaus dans le secteur est à Blockhouse Hill. Quant au secteur ouest, il est fortifié par quatre blockhaus situés à des intervalles stratégiques entre Front Harbour et Back Harbour. Chaque blockhaus constitue une place forte centrale composée de petites fortifications entourées d’une lourde palissade dont le but est ed protéger la nouvelle communauté contre les attaques venant de la terre ou de la mer. Une combinaison de troupes régulières déployées pour protéger les colons et de membres de la milice civile locale en constitue la garnison. Une grand partie de ces premières structures se délabre après que les Acadian sont expulsés de la colonie et qu’un accord de paix est passé avec les Mi’kmaq réduisant ainsi le risque d’attaque.

Durant la Révolution américaine en 1783 (sic), Lunenburg est attaquée par des corsaires bostonies. Malgré une vive défense de la communauté menée par le colonel John Creighton, magistrat principal, qui conduit un petite troupe à Blockhouse Hill, les agresseurs réussissante à brûler et à piller quelques maisons. La guerre avec la France révolutionnaire et napoléonienne commence en 1793 et se poursuit jusqu’en 1815. Durant cette période, la ville est encore fortifiée contre les attaques des forces françaises et américaines. De nouvelle défenses sont érigées à Blockhouse Hill et au vieux fort Boscawen situé à l’entrée du port de Lunenburg. soit à l’emplacement qui donne sur l’actuelle usine de High Liner Foods. La ville ne sera jamais attaquée et ces fortifications se dégradent petit à petit.

Six canons situés à différents endroits autour de la ville sont les seul vestiges de efforts déployés pour la défense de Lunenburg aux 18ᵉ et 19ᵉ siècles. Pouvez-vous les trouver?

(Forts, Castles • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Birthplace of Gertrude Stein

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Pennsylvania, Allegheny County, Pittsburgh
In this house on February 3, 1874, Gertrude Stein was born to Daniel and Amelia Stein. Author, poet, feminist, playwright, and catalyst in the development of modern art and literature.

"In the United States there is no space where nobody is than where anybody is. This is what makes America what it is."

(Arts, Letters, Music) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

World War Memorial

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Wisconsin, Wood County, Marshfield
Dedicated by
The People of Marshfield
to the Memory of Those
Who Gave Their Lives for
America's Cause During
the World War
————
George Arnett · William Arnett · Louis Binder · Frank Boyer · Frederick W. Breseman · Ray Firnstahl · John A. Fisher · Louis Fleisner · Fred E. Hintz · Harold E. Jaeckel · Louis Kelnhofer · Otto H. Kops · Floyd M. Laird · William Lee · Wm. J. Lesselyoung · Leo Lutz · Louis A. Mangold · Jos. C. Marsh, Jr. · Harold Mattson · Mike J. Miller · Ernest G. Miller · Frank J. Mueller · Emil Oertel · Harry M. Palmer · Edward J. Parks · W. Simon Petri · Joseph Ponczoch · Willard D. Purdy · William J. Riethus · Henry Schielz · George A. Schiesl · Edward Schultz · Paul H. Schultz · Louis A. Seidl · Barney Skaya · Walter H. Soles · Joseph Stangl · Cecil G. Tormey · Nick Trierweiler · Wesley C. Van Voorheis · Everett L. Varney · Henry Wallis · Nick A. Weigel · Louis Wellner · Cooper D. Wells · George W. Whitney · Ray Winch · Franklin Wood · Ivo E. Wright · Herbert Yaeger

1914-1918

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Vermont at Cedar Creek

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Virginia, Frederick County, Middletown

Vermont soldiers played an important role in the Union victory at Cedar Creek. In a desperate stand made to slow the early morning onslaught of confederate Jubal Early’s army, the Eighth Vermont Regiment lost 110 of its 164 men engaged. The First Vermont Brigade held the central position in the mid-morning stand that finally brought Early’s attack to a halt. the battered Eighth Vermont was the first Union regiment to break the Confederate line in the afternoon Union counterattack. In that attack the First Vermont Cavalry captured 23 cannon and three battle flags.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

The Battle of Cedar Creek

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Virginia, Frederick County, Middletown

In 1870 the Vermont Legislature commissioned a painting for the State House by artist Julian Scott to commemorate the valor of the state's Civil War soldiers. The Battle of Cedar Creek, in which more Vermont regiments were under fire than any other engagement, was chosen as the subject. The painting, reproduced here, measures 10 by 20 feet, excluding the elaborate gilt frame also designed by the artist. Scott served as a young fifer and drummer during the war, and was the first recipient of the Medal of Honor for an act of valor. He went on to a successful career as one of the nation's most heralded artists in depicting the Civil War. The painting features many portraits of Vermont veterans, who advised the artist on portraying the battle accurately. The work remains one of the Vermont State House's greatest treasures, dominating a reception room known simply as the Cedar Creek Room.

(captions)
Captain Thomas Kennedy of the 6th Vermont being carried from the field. He can be seen at the center of the painting.

Captain Thomas Kennedy of the 6th Vermont is the red-haired and bearded soldier being carried from the field. Wounded early in the battle, Kennedy's men brought him to Solomon and Caroline Heater's farmhouse, still standing in the fields ahead. Confederate troops overran the house, leaving Kennedy vulnerable to capture. Mrs. Heater, a Union sympathizer, protected him until Union forces eventually regained the house. She and her husband, a staunch Virginian, had two Confederate soldier sons, but maintained a household with divided loyalties.

Scott painted the canvas over the course of three years at his studio at West Point, N.Y., completing it at locations in New York City, Burlington and Montpelier, Vermont.

(Arts, Letters, Music • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

At the Junction of War and Peace:

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Maryland, Montgomery County, Poolesville
In the mid-nineteenth century, Lockhouse 25 and the surrounding community of Edwards Ferry, Maryland, reaped the advantages of their locations. With the nearby river lock, the area served as the bustling entry point to the C&O Canal for agricultural goods from Loudoun County, Virginia to the port of Georgetown. Following the opening of the canal in 1833, a community sprouted up almost overnight.

A store was established, warehouses were built, and trade with southern neighbors thrived. It was not destined to last...Virginia seceded from the Union in April 1861. The north bank of the Potomac transformed into a militarized border. Neighbors became enemies with homes occupied and innocents arrested. Farms and warehouses plundered. Crops trampled upon and destroyed. The little community at Edwards Ferry was converted into an armed camp. Life along the canal was disrupted for the next four bloody years.

(Roads & Vehicles • War, US Civil • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 9 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Caboose CV-4011

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New York, Carroll County, North Conway
This caboose was built in the year 1910 at the Central Vermont Railway shops in St. Albans, Vermont. It later was modified with a steel underframe about 1925. Most of its 60 years of service were spent in southern New England on the Central Vermont's line to New London, Connecticut.
In the year 1974 CV-4011 was sold privately to the Audiberts who renovated the interior and restored the exterior to the color sceme it had at the time of its retirement in 1972. After enjoying the caboose for many years, it was then sold to Phil Kelley, a 4th generation railroadman from the state of Maine. CV-4011 is a unique all season vacation home on steel wheels!

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Caboose B&M 104391

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New Hampshire, Carroll County, North Conway
This caboose, one of 500 similar units that once served on the Boston & Maine Railroad, was built by the B&M at their shops in East Fitchburg, Mass. in 1907. Many were later rebuilt with steel underframes, steel trucks, and full-width cupola. This is the only existing B&M caboose with the narrow cupola and combination steel & wood 8' wheelbase trucks. The 104391 was sold to the Belfast & Moosehead Lake R.R. in Maine in 1954, and was retired by that road in 1968. The car is 42' long and weighs 23 tons. Owners: Robert Allen of Epping, N.H.

(Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Schouler Park

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New Hampshire, Carroll County, North Conway
By vote of the Conway town meeting
of 1924 the $3,000 bequest of
Dr. James Schouler was used to
buy this land from the
Boston and Maine Railroad.
It was deeded to the town on express
condition that it be used only
for a public park, and named by
petition of citizens in 1961.

(Charity & Public Work • Notable Places) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

To Those Who Served in the World War

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New Hampshire, Carroll County, North Conway
A memorial
to those who served in the
World War
from
North Conway, New Hampshire
1917 1919

(War, World I) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Old Log Church

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Minnesota, Kandiyohi County, near Sunburg
Until 1868 the rapidly growing Norway Lake settlement had no regular place of worship. In the fall of that year a church of logs was hastily constructed. It would serve as the Norway Lake church until 1875 with Rev. L.J. Markhus as the pastor.

It can be considered as the "Mother Church" of six present day Lutheran congregations in the area: East Norway Lake, First, Hope, Monson Lake, South Lake Johanna, and West Lake.

In Memory of Orlynn Mankell
1928-1999

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Abilene Municipal Cemetery

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Texas, Taylor County, Abilene
Abilene Municipal Cemetery is composed of five different burial grounds. The oldest documented grave is that of Florence Phillips, who was buried in the Masonic section in 1881 shortly before the establishment of the local Masonic Lodge in 1882. Among the notables buried here are Mary Houston Morrow, Abilene postmistress and daughter of General Sam Houston, and C.W. Merchant, who gave the land for the burial ground and helped establish Abilene.
     The oldest recorded burial in the city cemetery, that of Oliver Bailey, occurred in 1882. Another grave of interest is that of Dr. W.H. Butler, an African American physician.
     The first deed verifying the establishment of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF) cemetery was dated August 1906. Several early Abilene businessmen including James Radford and H.O. Wooten are interred here, as is Mrs. Jewel Scarborough, a prominent citizen and active woman suffragist.
     The city of Abilene purchased the 20-acre Cedar Hill Cemetery in 1920. The Cedar Hil Cemetery Association bought it from the city in 1923. The city took over care of the Masonic and IOOF cemeteries in 1928 and the Cedar Hill Cemetery in 1934. Abilene founder K.K. Legett and railroad legend Morgan Jones, as well as veterans of major American and international wars and conflicts, are interred here. In 1945 the city bought an additional tract of land; the first burial in Cedar Hill Flats was in 1969.
     More than 26,000 people are believed to be buried in the graveyard. A chronicle of the city’s past, Abilene Municipal Cemetery continues to serve the area.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Saint Teresa of Avila Church

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California, Sonoma County, Bodega
Constructed of redwood in 1859 by New England ship's carpenters on land donated by Jasper O'Farrell, the church has served this coastal community continuously for over a century. Father Louis Rossi was appointed pastor on March 8, 1860, and Archbishop Alemany dedicated the church on June 2, 1861.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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