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Organ Cave

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West Virginia, Greenbrier County, near Ronceverte
In this cave, whose beautiful natural formations have long been known, salt petre was manufactured before 1835. When war broke out between the states in 1861, it was a source of powder supply for General Lee's army.

(Environment • Industry & Commerce • Paleontology • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Assault Upon Fort Sanders

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Tennessee, Knox County, Knoxville
Four brigades of infantry, Gen. James Longstreet's First Corps, emerging from the declivity to the north made a bayonet charge upon Federal Fort Sanders at this point, at dawn, Nov. 29, 1863. They were stopped with heavy casualties by a deep ditch and by raking cannon fire. This climaxed Longstreet's siege of Knoxville.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Booth House

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Virginia, Fredericksburg
American Gothic ...attributed to architect James Renwick who designed the Fredericksburg Courthouse.

When built this middle class property comprised 1/4 of the present city block and contained enough pasture for one COW. House had no indoor toilets in 1847.

The lowest level--"the carriage level"--has a fireplaced kitchen. All cooking was done in the huge FIREPLACE. There was no kitchen stove. Also on the "carriage level" is a fireplaced utility room and quarters for the TWO SLAVES who were purchased at public auction within this block on Charles St.

House was designed with 4 EXTERIOR DOORS. The 2 doors on the lowest level, one on the north side and one on the south side, allowed for summer cooling by cross ventilation. On the upper level, where the owners lived, there are also two exterior doors reserved for the owners and gentry.

Thanks to Mrs. Kathryn Booth for her love for this historic property. Through her determination she has restored the 4th EXTERIOR DOOR (to your lower right) who stares originally went directly to this street--Charles St. When the city put in sidewalks and lifestyles changed and full time help was not required to run this house, the original lower door to your right was bricked up and a window was put in its place.

To your left on Amelia Street is where the steps to the main entrance used to begin. When the present double symmetrical steps were put in to allow for sidewalk construction, a town official stopped by to ask the lady owner if she had obtained "town permission" for changing her front steps. Whereupon she made her famous reply, "You go home and take care of your front steps and I'll take care of mine."

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fort Sanders U.D.C. Monument

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Tennessee, Knox County, Knoxville
To the memory of the Confederate soldiers
Who fell in the assault on Fort Sanders
November 29, 1863.

Nor wreck, nor change, nor winter's blight
Nor Time's remorseless doom
Shall dim one ray of glory's light
That gilds your glorious tomb.

Erected by Knoxville Chapter, No. 89
United Daughters of the Confederacy
Nov. 29, 1914.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 1 photo, GPS coordinates, map.

Bridgewater Mills

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Virginia, Fredericksburg
On the site formerly stood office and warehouse of the
Bridgewater Mills
1822 - 1908
Operated by members of the Ficklen family, this concern's flour won first prize at the world's first international exposition held at Paris, France in 1878. In the same year the first telephone line in Virginia connected this office with the mill buildings which were situated on the west bank of the Rappahannock River just south of the present bridge on US Route 1 leading to Falmouth, Virginia.
Office and warehouse of the
Rappahannock Electric Light & Power Company
1900 - 1923
An electric generating company furnishing 2 phase, 60 cycle current, manage from 1907 to 1923 by Ellen Caskie London Ficklen, the first woman manager of an electric public utility in United States of America.

(Industry & Commerce • Science & Medicine) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Elmhurst

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Virginia, Fredericksburg
has been registered as a
Virginia Historic Landmark
by the Virginia Board of Historic Resources
and placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
by the U.S. Department of the Interior

(Notable Buildings) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ronceverte

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West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Ronceverte
From the French word meaning “Greenbrier”. Thomas Edgar settled in Greenbrier County before 1780. His son built first grist mill on Greenbrier River. Three successive mills were destroyed but the fourth plant operates today.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Liberty Bell

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Florida, Orange County, Lake Buena Vista

The Province Bell was the name first used to describe me. I was ordered from the English bell foundry of Whitechapel in 1751 by the Pennsylvania Assembly. I was to be part of the celebration which would commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s Charter of Privileges signifying the founding of Pennsylvania.

Soon after being brought from England it was decided to test me for tonal quality. For this purpose I was hung in the notch of a tree and struck. With the first stroke of the clapper I sang out a glorious note. However, with the second strike I cracked and then gave off a terrible sound.

Two Pennsylvania metalworkers, Pass and Stow, melted me down, added more copper and recast me. I was now an American bell although everything about me was the same as the first bell, including the inscription “Proclaim Liberty throughout the Land unto all the Inhabitants thereof” and “By Order of the Assembly of the Province of Pennsylvania for the State House in Philadelphia.”

People now knew me as the State House Bell. At first my only duty was to call the legislators to assemblies. However, as English rule became more and more intolerable I was used to summon people together to discuss and protest issues they considered unfair.

I was muffled as a symbol of protest and tolled slowly when the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 were passed into law. I continued to toll for the First Continental Congress in 1774. The time I remember best was on July 8, 1776, when I summoned the citizenry for the reading of the Declaration of Independence. It was during this era of unrest that I became known as The Bell of Independence and The Bell of Revolution.

During the Revolutionary War, I was wildly rung to signify each victory and muffled and tolled slowly to announce each defeat. The people could judge the success of the war effort just by the way I was rung. I became so important to the people that when Philadelphia was invaded by advancing British forces, I was taken to Allentown, Pennsylvania and hidden in the floorboards of a church so the British wouldn’t find me. After a year in hiding, I was returned to the State House in Philadelphia. On September 3, 1783, I was rung joyously to celebrate the signing of the Treaty of Paris which ended the war between Great Britain and the United States.

After eighty years of almost continuous use, I was rung to mourn the death of Chief Justice Marshall on July 8, 1835 and cracked. In 1846, I was rung for the last time to commemorate George Washington’s birthday. Although I can no longer actually ring, I still occupy a special place in American history. The Herald of Freedom and Liberty Bell are the names by which I am best known today and perhaps these are the names which best describe me, for when the freedom and liberty of the United States hung in the balance, my voice was used to rally the people to the cause of Liberty.
Cast from the same mold, this bell is a
“Second generation” of the Original bell that hangs in Philadelphia.
It was cast for Walt Disney World Resort in 1989.

( Second Marker : )
“Thus to Proclaime Liberty
throughout the Land . . . ”

Since the dawn of our great Republick,
The Liberty Bell
has been an enduring Symbol of
American Independence & Freedom.
--------------------
This replication was truly cast for
~ Liberty Square ~
using the same mould from whence
the original bell was sprung.

(Colonial Era • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Marion A. Ross

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Ohio, Champaign County, Christianburg
Born here October 9, 1832. Attended Antioch College. Member of Mt. Olivet Masonic Lodge. Enlisted in the 2nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment and volunteered for the famous Andrews Raid. The raiders seized "The General" locomotive at Big Shanty, Georgia, April 12, 1862. Captured and executed, Ross is buried in the National Cemetery, Chattanooga, Tenn. Awarded posthumously the Medal of Honor, September 1863.

(Patriots & Patriotism • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Troy's Public Square & Third Courthouse

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Ohio, Miami County, Troy
Miami County formed and Troy chosen as county seat in 1807. Andrew Wallace laid out Public Square as site of Courthouse, and surveyed first 87 lots of Troy, bounded by Water, Clay, Canal, and Oxford Streets.

Two-story brick Courthouse, 40' x 40', with cupola and bell, built in center of Square 1815-1824. Torn down 1841.

A tall wooden flagpole stood in center of Square 1876-1891, and a 170' lighted steel tower 1898-1907. Interurban cars ran through Square 1893-1932.

(Railroads & Streetcars • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Council Oak

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New Jersey, Somerset County, Bound Brook
This white oak, one of the oldest in N.J., was already about 80 feet tall on May 4, 1681, when two Lenni-Lenape indian chiefs sold the 5000 acres on which Bound Brook now stands to New Jersey governor Phillip Carteret and seven other men. The tree was a landmark during the revolutionary war when general George Washington and his troops were encamped a mile away at Middle Brook in 1778-79.

(Colonial Era • Horticulture & Forestry • Native Americans • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

The Presbyterian Church at Bound Brook

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New Jersey, Somerset County, Bound Brook
Founded in 1688 and the oldest congregation in Somerset County, this fifth sanctuary was designed by Oscar S. Teale in 1896 and dedicated in 1898. Unique features of this medieval revival style building include a semi-circular floor plan, innovative heavy timber trusses trimmed in chestnut and stained glass window by Louis Comfort Tiffany.

This beautiful church was among the first buildings in Bound Brook to utilize electric lighting and telephone service.

This significant work of architecture was placed on the New Jersey state and national registers of historic places in 2007.

Funding for the exterior restoration and preservation of this historic building has been made possible in part, by the Garden State Historic Preservation Trust, administered by the New Jersey Historic Trust / State of New Jersey.

(Churches, Etc.) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Roll of Honor

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Pennsylvania, Adams County, Gettysburg

Dedicated to the memory of
William A. Beales • Horace M. Bushman
Who made the Supreme Sacrifice in World War II and in Honor of our Fellow Firemen who served in the Armed Forces of their Country
World War I
William B. Eckenrode • Andrew J. Florence • John W. Hartman • Francis E. Miller • George A. Miller • Frank J. Slonaker • Horace E. Smiley • Walter D. Sterner • Walter S. Swisher • Meader I. Williams
World War II
Paul E. Anzengruber • Clarence H. Cluck • Donald J. Culp • Edward A. Culp • Harold W. Culp • J. Fred Diehl • Hubert A. Gallagher • Francis L. Groft • Glenn L. Guise • Donald G. Jacobs • Philip M. Jones • Francis I. Knox • William E. Knox • Charles W. Mayhall • Donald W. McSherry • Javens W. Plank • Charles R. Rupp • Bertus G. Strausbaugh • Kenneth M. Tawney • William G. Weaver • G. William Zhea

On the smaller plaque to the right
Roll of Honor
Gettysburg Fire Department

World War 1917 - 1918
Horace E. Smiley • Walter D. Sterner • John W. Hartman • Walter S. Swisher • Meader I. Williams • Francis E. Miller • Wm B. Eckenrode • Andrew J. Florence • Frank J. Slonaker • George A. Miller
Erected 1932

(War, World I • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Fourth Michigan Cavalry

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Georgia, Catoosa County, near Fort Oglethorpe
Fourth Michigan
Cavalry
Night September 18, 1863


(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

3rd Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery

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Georgia, Catoosa County, near Fort Oglethorpe
3rd Battery, Wisconsin Light Artillery
4 10 - Pounder Parrotts, 2 12 - Pounders Howitzers.
Barnes' Brigade, Van Cleve's Division, Crittenden's Corps.
September 19, 1863.
1st Lieutenant Cortland Livingston, Commanding.
1st Lieutenant Hiram F. Hubbard.
2nd Lieutenant Henry Currier.

About 1:30 p.m. the battery with Barnes' Brigade moved from the line near Lee and Gordon's Mill to this position. By order of Major Mendenhall the battery came into position on the right of the 2nd Minnesota Battery, southeast of the Viniard house. The battery fired until a battery on the left was captured by the Confederates, when it limbered up and returned to this position, opened fire on the woods filled with the enemy, checking his advance. The brigade having been driven back rallied and took position on each flank of the battery. From this position the battery opened a very effective enfilade fire on the enemy in the Viniard cornfield. This position was retained with slight changes until 2 a.m. of the 20th.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ruins of First State Prison in Illinois

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Illinois, Madison County, Alton
Ruins of first state prison in Illinois. Built in 1830-31. Unsanitary conditions aroused persistent criticism from Dorothea Dix, pioneer in prison reform. All inmates were transferred to Joliet prior to 1860. During the Civil War many Confederate prisoners were incarcerated here and deaths averaged six to ten a day.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Smith-Trahern Mansion

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Tennessee, Montgomery County, Clarksville
This mansion was built by Christopher H. Smith noted tobacco exporter and businessman. The home reflects the style between Greek Revival and Italianate popular in the 1850's. It is believed that architect Adolphus Heiman designed the building. The mansion is significant because of its association with the pre-Civil War tobacco industry in Clarksville.

(Agriculture • Industry & Commerce) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Riverview Cemetery

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Tennessee, Montgomery County, Clarksville
Men of all American wars are interred here on land once owned by Valentine Seiver (1747-1800), who was the first person buried here. Many pioneers and 19th century citizens, including Revolutionary War soldier Robert Nelson, are buried here. One plot contains the reinterred remains of 125 Confederate soldiers. Also buried here is artist Robert L. Newman.

(Cemeteries & Burial Sites • Settlements & Settlers • War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Alderson

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West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Alderson
Settled in 1777 by “Elder” John Alderson, the frontier missionary. He organized the first Baptist church in the Greenbrier Valley. In 1763, the Muddy Creek settlements were destroyed by Shawnee Indians under Cornstalk.

(Churches, Etc. • Exploration • Native Americans • Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

35th Indiana Infantry

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Georgia, Catoosa County, near Fort Oglethorpe
Indiana.
Thirty-Fifth Regiment Infantry. (Dufficy)
Third Brigade. (Barnes)
Third Division. (VanCleve)
Twenty-First Corps.(Crittenden)
Saturday, September 19th, 1863, 3 P.M. until dark.

(War, US Civil) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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