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Crossroads of Trade and Travel

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Maryland, Prince Georges County, Colmar Manor
Standing here, where the 120-foot long wooden bridge would have carried the road between Bladensburg and Washington D.C., a traveler in 1814 would have experienced all manner of travel in and out of the popular community. Established in the 1740's as a 40-foot-deep port with tobacco weigh stations, and two doctors by 1776. Road converged from Annapolis, Baltimore, Washington , and Upper Marlboro. By 1814, Bladensburg's port was in decline due to silting, but it had become popular for day-trippers, especially from Georgetown, to experience the Spa Springs. By the Mid-nineteenth century, the port closed. Today the river continues to silt and remains very shallow.

Across the Anacostia River and to the left is "George Washington House" - an early store attached to the former Indian Queen Tavern. Further along Annapolis Road are the Hilleary-Magruder House, the Market Master building, and Bostwick. Built by Christopher Lowndes, a wealthy merchant, rope maker, and shipbuilder, Boswick was also home to Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert. These historic buildings are reminders of the historic crossroads of Bladensburg.

"...just after crossing the bridge at the entrance of the town, the view is very inviting. Soft masses of smoke-like willows lean over the water, and the stream curves in graceful sweeps around wooded points, as if tentatively feeling its way to the land of faery..." - Eben Jenks Loomis, "Wayside Sketches," 1894

(Bridges & Viaducts • Roads & Vehicles • War of 1812) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) - Endangered in New York

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New York, Genesee County, Alabama
Black Terns nest in New York State in just a few marshes along the south and east shores of Lake Ontario. This is the southern edge of their breeding range, They are more abundant in the upper midwest, but the special habitat we manage here suits their needs and provides visitors with a chance to see an uncommon bird.

A Floating Nest.
Black Terns build nests on mats of floating vegetation or mud mounds, barely above water level. Several nests may be built in the same area.

Adult Black Tern wingspan: 24", length: 9.75". Listen for a metallic kek, or kyip, the call the birds make while in flight. Look out across the marsh for a low flying, dark bird dipping and banking from side to side as it searches for insects and small fish. Black Terns will mob intruders coming too close to their nests. Muskrat huts and push-ups make good tern nesting platforms.

Plumage Variation. Adult Breeding (Mar-Aug): gray wings and tail, white under tail, dark red legs, black head and breast. Adult Non-Breeding (Aug-Feb): black cap, cool gray wings and back, white face and body, red legs. Juvenile (Jul-Nov): dark gray cap, warm gray wings and back, white body, orange legs.

Natural History. Aquatic habitat along the Seaway Trail is home to a large diversity of bird species.

Seaway Trail, Inc. Corner Ray & West Main St., Sackets Harbor, NY 13685. 1-800-seaway-t. This exhibit made possible by a grant from National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to Buffalo Audubon Society, Inc.

(Animals • Environment) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Southwest Bombproof: Storeroom and Siege Hospital

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New York, Oneida County, Rome

This bombproof, with a ventilation shaft leading to the top of the bastion, was considered the best place for keeping food (salt meat, peas, flour, rice and vinegar) and other non-weapon supplies. For most of the fort’s history, it was a storage area for such provisions.

During the 1777 siege, the bombproof was converted to a makeshift hospital. The turns in the hallway prevented shrapnel from entering, keeping troops and supplies safe.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Guard Duty

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New York, Oneida County, Rome

All soldiers were responsible for guard duty on a rotation basis. Each 24-hour period was the responsibility of one or more companies, each consisting of 40-60 soldiers. During this period they shared all guarding duties, sleeping and patrolling in shifts. They were based in the guardhouse when not on active patrol.

Guards were responsible for monitoring the fort’s perimeter, guarding entryways and supervising prisoners and work parties outside the fort perimeter. The officer of the day had overall responsibility for the guard rotation.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 7 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Lower Falls Camp SP-49

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New York, Wyoming County, Genesee Falls
On this field stood the 24 buildings of Camp SP-49, one of four Civilian Conservation Corps camps in Letchworth State Park. In operation from July 1935 until October 1941, Camp SP-49 included a tree nursery of over 30,000 plants for use in landscaping the park. From 1944 until 1946, the camp housed German prisoners of war. After the war, the camp was razed for the construction of the Lower Falls Pool, which opened in 1950.

Many of the men who served in camp SP-49 went off to fight in World War II. The barracks, which they had built and lived in, were pressed into service as shelters for prisoners of war.

During World War II, the Camp SP-49 barracks were used to house German prisoners of war. This tie pin from a German military uniform was one of many items found after the barracks were taken down at the war's end.

(Charity & Public Work • War, World II) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

First House in Canaseraga

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New York, Allegany County, Canaseraga
Built on this site by Samuel Boylan in 1806.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Caneadea Historic Camelback Bridge

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New York, Allegany County, Caneadea

1902 Flood destroyed wooden bridge
1903 Camelback Parker Truss Bridge built by Groton Bridge Works at a cost of $6,360.00.
1952 Wooden floor replaced with iron grating
1990 "Grandparents of the Future" chained themselves to the bridge in protest to the NY State Nuclear Siting Commission
1993 Allegany County closed the bridge
1995 Grass roots committee formed to save the bridge
1998 Bridge was accepted to the State and National Registers of Historic Places 2006 Extensive renovations are done to reopen the bridge 2007 Caneadea Bridge reopens and is rededicated

CONTRIBUTORS
Allegany County Department of Public Works Federal Highway Administration New York State Department of Transportation Preservation League of New York State Save Caneadea Bridge Rededicated May 5, 2007

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 14 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Caneadea Historic Camelback Bridge

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New York, Allegany County, Caneadea

1902 Flood destroyed wooden bridge
1903 Camelback Parker Truss Bridge built by Groton Bridge Works at a cost of $6,360.00.
1952 Wooden floor replaced with iron grating
1990 "Grandparents of the Future" chained themselves to the bridge in protest to the NY State Nuclear Siting Commission
1993 Allegany County closed the bridge
1995 Grass roots committee formed to save the bridge 1998 Bridge was accepted to the State and National Registers of Historic Places 2006 Extensive renovations are done to reopen the bridge 2007 Caneadea Bridge reopens and is rededicated

CONTRIBUTORS
Allegany County Department of Public Works Federal Highway Administration New York State Department of Transportation Preservation League of New York State Save Caneadea Bridge Rededicated May 5, 2007

(Bridges & Viaducts) Includes location, directions, 8 photos, GPS coordinates, map.


Powder Magazine

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New York, Oneida County, Rome

This bombproof, being relatively dry, was used as the powder magazine. This was revealed through period documentation, and it also explains why the British targeted this part of the fort during the 1777 siege.

Munitions stored in this bombproof included gunpowder, cannonballs, barrels of musket balls and slow match (spiral coils of nitrate treated rope that burned at a known rate, used to fire cannons).

(Forts, Castles • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church

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New Jersey, Hunterdon County, Oldwick
New Jersey's oldest Lutheran Congregation's first service was conducted on August 1, 1714, by the Reverend Justus Falkner, the first Protestant minister ordained in America. It was held in the home of Aree Van Guinee, a freed slave, who later contributed land for the first church and a glebe for the pastor.

Baltes Pickel, who also attended the first service, built the first church and contributed generously to construction of the current church in 1749.

The Reverend Henry Muhlenberg, "Patriarch of the Lutheran Church in America", and two sons later served as pastors.

A royal charter was granted in 1767.

God's steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations (Psalm 10:5)

(Churches, Etc. • Colonial Era) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

CCC Statue

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New York, Wyoming County, Genesee Falls
This statue is dedicated to the more than 3,000 men who served in four Civilian Conservation Corps camps in Letchworth State Park between 1933 and 1941. They joined more than three million others nationwide during the "Great Depression" in an innovative Federal program to develop and preserve our natural resources while rebuilding our nation's economy.

(Charity & Public Work • Environment) Includes location, directions, 4 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Centerville Town Hall

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New York, Allegany County, Centerville
This building was originally known as the First Presbyterian Church of Centerville. Church members purchased this lot in 1858 and began construction of the church, completing it in 1859 at a cost of $3,000.

(Churches, Etc. • Politics) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

This Ancient Seneca Council House

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New York, Wyoming County, Genesee Falls
stood at Ga-O-Ya-De-O (Canadea) on the Genesee River in days antedating the American Revolution. In it gathered the war parties that devastated the frontiers and before it their helpless prisoners ran the gauntlet. Around its council fires sat famous warriors and chiefs. For its preservation, it was carefully removed to its present location by William Pryor Letchworth and was re-dedicated October 1, 1872 by the last Indian Council on the Genesee.

(Colonial Era • Native Americans) Includes location, directions, 6 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Early Home

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New York, Niagara County, Middleport
Phillip Freeman Home built circa 1830 reported to have been local "stop" of the "Underground Railway"

(Abolition & Underground RR) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Bridging the Blue Waters

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Michigan, Saint Clair County, Port Huron


People first crossed the St. Clair River using logs, rafts and canoes. Steam-powered ferries began carrying freight and people in the 1840s. The river current pushed tethered swing ferries from shore to shore. Later other ferries were used, and in 1891 rail transport was improved with the opening of the tunnel under the St. Clair River.

In 1938, the Blue Water Bridge made automobile and truck traffic possible across the international border. A second span was built in 1997 to accommodate increasing traffic. The longest span of the Blue Water Bridge is approximately 1.25 miles (2 km) long and the highest point is 233 feet (70 m) above the water.

[Background photo courtesy of]
State Archives of Michigan

(Bridges & Viaducts • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Ships on the St. Clair

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Michigan, Saint Clair County, Port Huron


The St. Clair River has always been an important part of the Great Lakes system. For centuries native people traveled throughout the region in canoes, as did the early French fur traders. In 1679, LaSalle's Griffon was the first sailing ship to pass here. Father Louis Hennepin, the renowned explorer and priest on board that ship, named the river after Sainte Claire. The river's swift currents and other hazards have caused many shipwrecks through the years.

During the 19th and 20th centuries, ships and pleasure boats were built in yards along the St. Clair River from Port Huron south to Algonac. Wooden sailing ships were eventually replaced by steel freighters powered by steam and diesel. During the shipping season, freighters continue to pass here daily, bound for Chicago or Duluth in one direction, or for the Atlantic Ocean and cities all over the world in the other.

(Exploration • Industry & Commerce • Man-Made Features • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Native Americans

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Michigan, Saint Clair County, Port Huron


Archaeologists found evidence of a native village (circa 1000 A.D.) located one block north of where you are standing. These prehistoric people fished the waters of Lake Huron and the St. Clair River, hunted game and gathered foods in nearby woodlands. Squash seeds found at this archaeological site indicate that these inhabitants were among Michigan's earliest farmers. To escape winter's harsh winds off the lake, the villagers moved inland during colder months.

When Europeans arrived in the Blue Water Area during the late 17th century, members of the Three Fires - the Ojibwa (Chippewa), the Odawa (Ottawa) and the Potawatomi, all of the Algonquian language group - were the most prominent Native Americans here.

(Environment • Native Americans • Waterways & Vessels) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Tom Edison at Grand Trunk

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Michigan, Saint Clair County, Port Huron


The Grand Trunk Railroad depot to the right is where 12-year-old Tom Edison departed daily on the Port Huron-Detroit run. In 1859, the railroad's first year of operation. Tom persuaded the company to let him sell newspapers and confections on the daily trips. He became so successful that he soon placed two newsboys on other Grand Trunk runs to Detroit. He made enough money to support himself and to buy chemicals and other experimental materials.

(Industry & Commerce • Railroads & Streetcars) Includes location, directions, 3 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Immigration

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New York, Saint Clair County, Port Huron


Many people coming to the United States from other lands entered through this depot. By 1881, more than 77,000 immigrants first stepped foot on American soil here. Port Huron folks gathered here to see and hear the new arrivals, fascinated by their different clothes and foreign speech. Young Tom Edison is said to have peddled his candy and fresh vegetables here, to townspeople and foreigners alike.

The immigrants were taken to nearby Fort Gratiot, where they were disinfected, served meals of bread and soup, and temporarily housed in long sheds. Some of these immigrants settled in the Port Huron area, while others continued on to build new lives in America's young cities, farmlands and Western frontier.

(Settlements & Settlers) Includes location, directions, 2 photos, GPS coordinates, map.

Commandant’s Quarters

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New York, Oneida County, Rome

This room has been laid out to look like the commandant’s quarters. The original quarters were located in the headquarters building, which was not reconstructed.

The fort commander was a man of wealth and high social status, which was reflected in the quality of furnishings and personal items that he brought with him to the fort. At least one private was assigned to take care of all the commander’s needs and he had at least two horses at his disposal.

He also had the resources to maintain regular communications with home. Compare this with the life of a soldier, who had few personal belongings and neither the literacy skills nor the money to send and receive letters.

(Forts, Castles • War, US Revolutionary) Includes location, directions, 5 photos, GPS coordinates, map.
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